Reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via nanovector-mediated indirect lineage conversion

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Researchers established efficient methods to isolate mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and reprogram fibroblasts into induced progenitors, providing novel cell resources for disease modeling and therapy.

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This preprint describes the development of a method to reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells) into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells using nanovector-mediated delivery of specific transcription factors. The researchers optimized isolation techniques and identified Poly-MAG as an efficient vector for delivering Olig2, Nkx6.2, and Sox10 plasmids, which successfully downregulated fibroblast genes and upregulated oligodendrocyte markers. The resulting induced cells demonstrated the capacity to proliferate with haloperidol treatment and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes or type II astrocytes in vitro. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Abstract Background: Axon-wrapping myelin sheath is vital to nerve conduction, loss or dysfunction of it will result in some neurological diseases. Since mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) lack proliferation ability, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) maintain slow proliferation or quiescence state, transplantation of exogenous OPCs becomes an alternative strategy for curing these diseases. Methods: OPCs were isolated from brain tissue and generated from NIH/3T3 cells via indirect lineage conversion here. Results: 0.25 % chicken serum was conducive to trypsin-mediated digestion of cerebral cortex, the modified shaking method could improve the purification efficiency of OPCs. Poly-MAG was a safer and higher efficient nanovector for delivering plasmid DNA into cells. Forced expressions of Olig 2, Nkx 6.2, and Sox 10 could attenuate the expressions of fibroblast-related genes (Col5a1 and Col1a1), up-regulate OPC-associated genes (PDGFRα, S100β, NG2, and Olig 2), and finally successfully reprogram NIH/3T3 cells into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (iOPCs). 1 μM haloperidol (HAL) contributed to promoting the proliferation of iOPCs. These iOPCs had the potential to be differentiated into OLs and type Ⅱ astrocytes. Conclusions: The high-efficiency and low-cytotoxicity strategies for isolating mouse primary OPCs and generating iOPCs were established, which provided novel cell resources for disease modeling, drug screening, cell therapy, and so on.
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Reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via nanovector-mediated indirect lineage conversion | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via nanovector-mediated indirect lineage conversion Xiong Xiao, Wen-Hui Ling, Xiao-Yan Qiu, Ming-Yu Wang, Chun-Xia Xiong, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-35533/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Axon-wrapping myelin sheath is vital to nerve conduction, loss or dysfunction of it will result in some neurological diseases. Since mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) lack proliferation ability, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) maintain slow proliferation or quiescence state, transplantation of exogenous OPCs becomes an alternative strategy for curing these diseases. Methods: OPCs were isolated from brain tissue and generated from NIH/3T3 cells via indirect lineage conversion here. Results: 0.25 % chicken serum was conducive to trypsin-mediated digestion of cerebral cortex, the modified shaking method could improve the purification efficiency of OPCs. Poly-MAG was a safer and higher efficient nanovector for delivering plasmid DNA into cells. Forced expressions of Olig 2, Nkx 6.2, and Sox 10 could attenuate the expressions of fibroblast-related genes (Col5a1 and Col1a1), up-regulate OPC-associated genes (PDGFRα, S100β, NG2, and Olig 2), and finally successfully reprogram NIH/3T3 cells into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (iOPCs). 1 μM haloperidol (HAL) contributed to promoting the proliferation of iOPCs. These iOPCs had the potential to be differentiated into OLs and type Ⅱ astrocytes. Conclusions: The high-efficiency and low-cytotoxicity strategies for isolating mouse primary OPCs and generating iOPCs were established, which provided novel cell resources for disease modeling, drug screening, cell therapy, and so on. Neurobiology of Disease Indirect lineage conversion Nanovector Induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (iOPCs) Oligodendrocytes (OLs) Reprogramming Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial.pdf SupplementaryMaterial.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-35533","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":670068,"identity":"b9107549-30c2-4955-ac2c-0b44eaa42633","order_by":0,"name":"Xiong Xiao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZuaDDz5UQNgSxGlhZ0s2nHGGJC38PGbSvG2kaDE4zGNswDuvLnHDAeaDt3kY7PKI0MJW+EBy22GgFrZkax6G5GIitDBvNjDcdiB3wwGgC3kYDiQ2ENbCYCaROKcOqIX/G7FaWMwkDjYwg2xhI06L5GFgIDccO1w/8zCbseUcg2TCWvjOHz74+E9NnTHf8eaHN95U2BHWonAAxmIGu5OQeiCQJ2joKBgFo2AUjAIAY0A93vfybEwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-8864","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiong","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""},{"id":670069,"identity":"99f10bbd-13aa-4468-9f18-d0e859c9b0cf","order_by":1,"name":"Wen-Hui Ling","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen-Hui","middleName":"","lastName":"Ling","suffix":""},{"id":670070,"identity":"c032d050-4877-4f01-9e2f-b5a5452b01d5","order_by":2,"name":"Xiao-Yan Qiu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiao-Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Qiu","suffix":""},{"id":670071,"identity":"ac2cfc73-81a3-4af9-85c9-e2d843c87a0e","order_by":3,"name":"Ming-Yu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ming-Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":670072,"identity":"c8f57722-41cb-4858-8c9f-6b3538faeddd","order_by":4,"name":"Chun-Xia Xiong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun-Xia","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiong","suffix":""},{"id":670073,"identity":"f8a3a1d7-b8d4-4202-bcd5-02d8fe57109f","order_by":5,"name":"Deng-Feng Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deng-Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":670074,"identity":"56303e54-1842-4050-925a-f1b0cdcd5758","order_by":6,"name":"Xin-Yue Chu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin-Yue","middleName":"","lastName":"Chu","suffix":""},{"id":670075,"identity":"cac68edb-e973-4145-8bc7-5e7fae880ed6","order_by":7,"name":"Yun-Xin Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yun-Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":670076,"identity":"e6ff2101-b0c3-4ac9-a0d4-3a8149dcd9dc","order_by":8,"name":"Yun Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yun","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":670077,"identity":"bc298d5a-b204-4186-87da-96d2dbbcda3c","order_by":9,"name":"Tong Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tong","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":670078,"identity":"5ea0e183-8ece-44a8-9b00-81c9198e129e","order_by":10,"name":"Yue-Min Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yue-Min","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-06-14 22:42:49","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-35533/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-35533/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":1356273,"identity":"b4dcec64-1427-4820-83fe-5c5b06130283","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:12","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":121226,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effects of different strategies on isolation and purification of mouse OPCs\nⅠ. Comparison of the total number of primary OPCs isolated with different digestion methods. Ⅱ. Comparison of\ncell viability of primary OPCs isolated with different digestion methods. Treatment groups 1 to 9 in Ⅲ and Ⅳ\nwere consistent with the grouping in Extended Table 1. Ⅲ. The total number of OPCs. Ⅳ. The survival rate of\nOPCs. Ⅴ. Immunocytochemical staining of A2B5. The means of a to d was same as notes in Extended Fig. 1Ⅲ,\nBar=20 μm. Ⅵ. The rate of A2B5+\ncells. * P\u003c0.05, ** P\u003c0.01.","description":"","filename":"1.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-35533/v1/1.PNG"},{"id":1356274,"identity":"532de4a7-6456-4e5e-9f98-b426d12e088b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:13","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":278308,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":" Induced differentiation in vitro of primary OPCs in mouse\nⅠ. Morphological observation. a. Primary OPCs; b. OLs derived from primary OPCs after being induced with T3; c.\nType Ⅱ astrocytes differentiated from primary OPCs after being induced with serum. Bar=20 μm. Ⅱ.\nImmunocytochemical staining. Bar=25 μm. Ⅲ. The rate of marker+\ncells. Notes for a to c in Ⅱ and Ⅲ were same\nas that in Ⅰ. ** P\u003c0.01.","description":"","filename":"2.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-35533/v1/2.PNG"},{"id":1356275,"identity":"2456d9a3-788b-448c-bb18-600a2334162d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:13","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":92834,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effects of different vectors on transfection of\nOlig 2-encoding pDNA in NIH/3T3 cells\na-c. Transfection efficiency of different vector-delivered pDNA at different concentration (a. Lipofectamine 2000;\nb. Lipofectamine LTX; c. Poly-MAG); d-e. The optimal efficiency of different vector-mediated transfection (①-③.\nEGFP+ NIH/3T3 cells; ①. 5 μg/mL Lipofectamine 2000 combined with 3 μg/mL pDNA; ② 5 μg/mL\nLipofectamine LTX combined with 2 μg/mL pDNA; ③. 2 μg/mL Poly-MAG combined with 2 μg/mL pDNA.\nBar=25 μm; E. Comparation of the optimal transfection efficiency); f-i. Cytotoxicity resulted from different\nvector-mediated transfection (f. Lipofectamine 2000; g. Lipofectamine LTX; h. Poly-MAG; i. Comparation of\ncytotoxicity of each kind of vector with optimal transfection efficiency). ** P\u003c0.01.","description":"","filename":"3.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-35533/v1/3.PNG"},{"id":1356276,"identity":"37aa9603-5768-4c25-b02a-0c827eea4b37","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:13","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":209973,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Transfection of Poly-MAG-delivered pDNA in NIH/3T3 cells\na-l. Growth status of NIH/3T3 cells after being treated with G418 at different concentrations for 14 days (a.\nControl group; b. 0.1 mg/mL G418; c. 0.2 mg/mL G418; d. 0.3 mg/mL G418; e. 0.4 mg/mL G418; f. 0.5 mg/mL\nG418; g. 0.6 mg/mL G418; h. 0.7 mg/mL G418; i. 0.8 mg/mL G418; j. 0.9 mg/mL G418; k. 1.0 mg/mL G418; l.\n1.1 mg/mL G418. Bar=25 μm); m. The number of NIH/3T3 cells after being treated with G418 at different \nconcentrations for 14 days; n. Poly-MAG-mediated transfection efficiencies of different combinations of\ntranscription factor(s); o-v. EGFP+ NIH/3T3 cells transfected with different kinds of pDNA (o. Olig 2; p. Nkx 6.2;\nq. Sox 10; r. Olig 2 and Nkx 6.2; s. Sox 10 and Nkx 6.2; t. Olig 2 and Sox 10; u. Olig 2, Nkx 6.2 and Sox 10; v.\nControl group. Bar=25 m). ","description":"","filename":"4.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-35533/v1/4.PNG"},{"id":1356277,"identity":"3d52724d-9107-41ab-982b-832d8b500a3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:13","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":141344,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Generation and identification of iOPCs\na-c. Immunocytochemical staining of reprogrammed NIH/3T3 cells which were transfected with different kinds of\ntranscription factors (a. One. b. Two. c. Three. a-b: Bar=25 m; c: Bar=20 m); d. The relative expression\nquantities of different types of mRNA in NIH/3T3 cells, iOPCs, and mouse primary OPCs; e-f. Expression of\nA2B5 protein in NIH/3T3 cells, iOPCs, and mouse primary OPCs (e. Standard curve of total protein. f. Expression\nof A2B5 protein). * P\u003c0.05, ** P\u003c0.01.","description":"","filename":"5.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-35533/v1/5.PNG"},{"id":1356278,"identity":"7ff40ca4-9c4c-4e34-93c9-e199ebb4f5b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-06-17 20:45:14","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":109666,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Induced differentiation of iOPCs in vitro\na-c. Morphological observation (a. iOPCs; b. iOPC-derived OLs; c. iOPC-derived type Ⅱ astrocytes. a-b: Bar=25\nm; c: Bar=20 m); d-f. Immunocytochemical staining (d. iOPCs; e. iOPC-derived OLs; f. iOPC-derived type Ⅱ\nastrocytes. d-e: Bar=25 m; f: Bar=20 m); g-i. Percentage of special marker+\ncells in different kinds of cells (g.\niOPCs; h. iOPC-derived OLs; i. iOPC-derived type Ⅱ astrocytes); j. Relative expression quantities of different\nmRNA in iOPCs, OLs, and type Ⅱ astrocytes. ** P\u003c0.01. 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Since mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) lack proliferation ability, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) maintain slow proliferation or quiescence state, transplantation of exogenous OPCs becomes an alternative strategy for curing these diseases. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethods: OPCs were isolated from brain tissue and generated from NIH/3T3 cells via indirect lineage conversion here. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults: 0.25 % chicken serum was conducive to trypsin-mediated digestion of cerebral cortex, the modified shaking method could improve the purification efficiency of OPCs. Poly-MAG was a safer and higher efficient nanovector for delivering plasmid DNA into cells. Forced expressions of Olig 2, Nkx 6.2, and Sox 10 could attenuate the expressions of fibroblast-related genes (Col5a1 and Col1a1), up-regulate OPC-associated genes (PDGFRα, S100β, NG2, and Olig 2), and finally successfully reprogram NIH/3T3 cells into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (iOPCs). 1 μM haloperidol (HAL) contributed to promoting the proliferation of iOPCs. These iOPCs had the potential to be differentiated into OLs and type Ⅱ astrocytes. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusions: The high-efficiency and low-cytotoxicity strategies for isolating mouse primary OPCs and generating iOPCs were established, which provided novel cell resources for disease modeling, drug screening, cell therapy, and so on.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via nanovector-mediated indirect lineage conversion","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-06-17 20:45:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-35533/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3674e74f-2532-4aba-b8c3-50ba013c7495","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 17th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":121358,"name":"Neurobiology of Disease"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-06-17T20:45:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-06-17 20:45:12","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-35533","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-35533","identity":"rs-35533","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"wLkW0s4AflPzk-lpfg-fK","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

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