Barriers and Promoters of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Nursing Mothers From Rural Communities in Two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria

Barriers and Promoters of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Nursing Mothers From Rural Communities in Two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Barriers and Promoters of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Nursing Mothers From Rural Communities in Two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria Yetunde Omotola Adebayo, Oladejo Thomas Adepoju, Adesola O. Olumide This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628839/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infants’ growth and development. However, in some African communities, cultural practices and myths were identified as key factors militating against this practice. This study introduced drama to debunk some cultural practices and myths affecting EBF practices. Methodology: A qualitative aspect from a large quasi-experimental study. Fifty-six lactating mothers with infants aged 6 months were recruited and assigned into experimental (28) and control (28) groups. Four (4) focus group discussions out of which twenty-four in-depth interviews were drawn. A semi-structured interview with the FGDs guide was used to obtained information from the respondents. Data was thematically analysed and all responses were recorded with a recorder and transcribed. All the transcription was generated into a code and put into themes used for reporting. Results: Most respondents from both groups reported having heard about EBF at religion centres, clinics, and radio programmes. Respondents in both groups shared their diverse experience on EBF like increased demand for breastmilk and mother’s inability to sleep well. Barriers such as husband influence, house chores, infant illness were also identified with EBF. For the control group, respondent expressed their skepticism about not giving water to infant before six months even when thirsty. Respondents in the experimental group highlighted how drama-based intervention had positively influenced the practice of EBF. Conclusion: Drama intervention at the prenatal phase significantly enhanced EBF practice among rural women, hence, it can serve as a strong strategy for future initiatives. Culture breastfeeding drama lactating INTRODUCTION Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a golden rule for feeding an infant, especially in the first six months of life. Research has demonstrated its effectiveness in prevention of childhood illnesses, maternal illness as well as contributing positively to the country’s gross domestic products (Quesada et al. , 2020; Smith, 2013). Numerous studies have also assessed its immunological, physiological, developmental and psychological benefits to infants, mothers, and society at large (Fuller-Tsyszkiwicz and Skouteris, 2013; Kramer and Kakuma, 2002; Spitzmueller, et al. , 2015). Despite all these advantages, the global rate of exclusive breastfeeding still remains lower than the recommended WHO target of 50%. According to the 2023 and 2018 National Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS), the EBF rate was reported as 29%. However, most of these women do not exclusively breastfeed their infant, with majority of them supplementing breastmilk with water and/or formula milk products before six months (Ukegbu et al. , 2011). Literature has identified several cultural and traditional beliefs impacting these practices both globally and in Africa. For example, in most Africa culture, it is commonly believed that a baby often feels thirsty and should be given water to quench the thirst. Additionally, some believe that herbs and concoction should be used in the treatment of sunken fontanel, stomach aches, allergies, other illnesses as well as strengthening the baby (Agunbiade, 2015). Most Africans also perceive colostrum as “dirty” and believe that it should be discarded. (Agunbiade et al. , 2015). Other misconceptions about exclusive breastfeeding includes the belief that breastmilk is insufficient (Ukegbu et al. , 2011, Okolobiri and Peterside, 2013), concerns on the quality and composition of breastmilk produced by the mother (Ukegbu et al. , 2011; Ojofeitimi et al. , 1999), and physical discomfort such as cracked nipples, breast engorgement and mastitis (Kronborg et al. ,2012). In addition, the influence of paternal grandmother (Ukegbu et al. , 2011) and perception that breastfeeding is inconvenient, stressful, alters the body’s shape and is time-consuming often complicate the outcome of these practices (Udoudou, 2015, Aluko-Arowolo and Sunday, 2012; Olayemi et al. , 2014; Ella et al. , 2016; Coetzee et al. , 2017; Aniebue et al. , 2010, Saidu et al. , 2014). Therefore, this study assessed the effect of drama to debunk some cultural belief, traditional and other factors that affects the exclusive breastfeeding practices of rural women. METHODOLOGY This was a qualitative aspect of a large quasi experimental study that recruited lactating women with infant aged six months old. The qualitative aspects aimed to obtain in-depth information about the mothers’ exclusive breastfeeding awareness, perception, and the various breastfeeding experience and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding. The findings of this study were guided by the standard for reporting qualitative research (SRQR). The study was conducted in two selected rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. December 2023 to February, 2024). A non-probability sampling (purposive) was used to recruit a total of 56 lactating mothers from the selected communities in two LGAs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These women were then assigned four (4) Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) comprising of eight (8) lactating women in each group out of which twenty-four (24) In-depth interviews was drawn. The objective of the study was explained to the respondents and were also informed that their responses would be recorded using a recorder as well as their non-verbal responses taken down. A voluntary consent was obtained from each respondent prior to the interview. A semi-structured interview guide with probing questions was used to obtain information from each of the respondents. The interview was conducted under a tree in the selected communities and each interview lasted for a period of one and half hour. All responses were recorded with a voice recorder and field note were also taken down. Data Analysis: A thematic analysis with Nvivo version 10 was used for the analysis. All the recorded responses from each of the respondent was listened to and this was transcribed from the local language (Yoruba) to English. This was further transcribed again to the original language for content validation using a forward and backward transcription method. The note obtained from the field was then used for triangulation. Each of the transcribed responses were generated into codes by the research teams. The generated coded was then put into five (5) themes used for reporting. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Ref No: UI/EC/19/0011). Participant were assured that their participation was voluntary and could discount if they are no longer interested in the study without any penalty. Clinical trial Number: Not Applicable RESULTS A semi-structured question was then used to obtain information from these women during the interview. The questions were grouped into the following themes: awareness of exclusive breastfeeding, perception on exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding experience and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding as well as the health status of their infants. The tables below explain the questionnaire used during the interview. Mothers whose infants were six ( 6 ) months old were interviewed for this study. Almost all the women were married, and majority was multiparous. Table 2 describes some of the socio-demographics characteristics of the mothers in the two groups. Table 2.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents CONTROL GROUP INTERVENTION GROUP Participants Age(yrs) Parity Interview Participants Age Parity Interview P1 40 years Multiparous FGDs P1 24years Multiparous KII P2 30 years Multiparous FGDs P2 24years Multiparous FGDs P3 31 years Multiparous KII P3 30years Multiparous FGDs P4 38years Multiparous FGDs P4 25years Multiparous FGDs P5 30 years Multiparous FGDs P5 18years Multiparous KII P6 21 years Primiparous KII P6 26years Multiparous KII P7 40years Multiparous KII P7 31years Multiparous FGDs P8 38years Multiparous KII P8 28years Multiparous KII P9 29years Multiparous KII P9 27 years Multiparous KII P10 30years Multiparous FGDs P10 24years Primiparous KII P11 27years Multiparous FGDs P11 38years Multiparous KII P12 25years Multiparous KII P12 23years Multiparous FGDs P13 34years Multiparous KII P13 33years Multiparous FGDs P14 30years Multiparous KII P14 25years Primiparous FGDs P15 38years Multiparous KII P15 33years Multiparous KII P16 32years Multiparous KII P16 25years Primiparous FGDs P17 21years Multiparous FGDs P17 33years Multiparous KII P18 21years Primiparous FGDs P18 25years Multiparous KII P19 40years Primiparous KII P19 33years Multiparous KII P20 27years Primiparous KII P21 40 Years Multiparous FGDs P22 40 years Multiparous FGDs P 23 27years Multiparous KII The following themes emerged from the respondents during the interview Theme 1: Awareness of Exclusive Breastfeeding Majority of the respondents who were multiparous with few of them being primiparous said they have heard about exclusive breastfeeding at the from nurses at health care facilities, family members as well as radio and from religious gatherings. Some also mentioned that they heard it during the drama intervention program conducted at the various communities during the study. However, virtually all of them had no unusual reaction to the information when they heard it, and only a few were simply inquisitive. Also, a few mentioned they first heard about it over 10 years ago. According to one of the multiparous respondents aged 40 years , I used to hear it from the hospital as well. Even before I started giving birth, they used to tell us in the hospital, and when I gave birth, they used to emphasize that I must not give additional food to the baby except breast milk for 6 months. So, is it after the first six months that I can start to give him supplementing food? (PI, KII,40Yrs, Exp) Another participate said; I heard from Adeoyo Hospital in 2008. I went to register there, and I gave birth to my baby there (P1, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Cntl). We were told that EBF helps with cognitive development and other benefits (P2, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp). It is okay. I was like, “Can I do this thing like this?” but when I started it, it was okay. It was okay (P3, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age:25, Exp). In the words of a respondent: The first thing I thought about was whether it won’t affect the babies, and I was told that it won’t affect them and that I should give them exclusive breastfeeding without water and this will provide them with good health. Then we were given an example: we should squeeze the breast milk inside a cup, and after about 5 minutes, we should go back and check it. Truly, when we went to check it, the water that was on top was very plenty, and the milk in the breast that was under was not much at all, and that’s when they said, “Can I see that there is water in the breast milk that they are drinking?” (Respondent 3, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 31) In interrogating the reactions of respondents in the control group on the practice of EBF, many of the respondents expressed skepticism regarding the advice of not giving the child even water which is considered too essential to be ignored. Theme 2: Perception of Exclusive Breastfeeding The majority of respondents had a positive opinion on EBF, which is reflected in the behavior of some mothers. Interestingly, some had already started it at the time of the interview, while others said they would engage in it when they give birth to another child. However, there were still those who were still skeptical about the possibility of EBF. The interview excerpts below succinctly capture these insights (FGDs) : My opinion is that giving our babies breast milk without anything else [EBF] helps them develop a good brain and be healthy; those children are not usually sick. So, breastfeeding without adding anything else is a good thing. It was initially somehow with me that how can we be giving baby breast milk without adding anything to it, but when I tried it and saw how the baby was growing well, I kept doing it (Participants 4, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age:38, Exp). Corroborating this position by another multiparous mother who has consistently practiced EBF, the benefit on the child’s brain development is encouraging. In her words: I have a good perception that EBF for 6 months is something that is okay and helps the child's brain. There is no difference in my experience among all my kids, I gave all of them EBF for 6 months (sic: exclusively breastfed) (Participant 5, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Exp). For the few who had some doubt, this was fueled by the exclusion of water which they considered too essential to be left out. According to one of such mothers: I was told that we shouldn’t give the baby anything but breast milk, including water, but I felt that the baby would be thirsty if it is not given water (Participants 6, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 21, Exp). According to the respondents: My perception of EBF is that giving babies breastmilk without giving them water or anything makes a child’s brain develop well, it helps a child's speech development, and it makes a child smart (Participants 4, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Cntrl). I didn’t really believe in it before because I felt like if I gave only breastmilk, the baby would get hungry easily, and if the mother is not well fed, how would the child get enough milk to suckle on? That was my thought before (Participants 5, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Cntl). Theme 3: Breastfeeding Experience All respondents had distinct breastfeeding experiences, and some were uniqueness of breastfeeding to each child as a result of the gender of the child or the child’s position. Many also had nipples pain. However, most of the women talked about their increased demand for food as their infants demanded more breastmilk, there were few who also complained about weight loss and that their child sucks and cried a lot and this often disturb their sleeping pattern. Virtually all of them said their husbands were not typically envious, and that they often encouraged them sometimes (except for a few who claimed differently), and that there was never a moment when they didn't want to breastfeed the child. For those in the experimental group, they also emphasized the breastfeeding encouragement from the peer group support. Furthermore, they all stated that they like breast-feeding their children, despite the problems they confront. Almost all the respondents said they enjoyed breastfeeding their children, and those that were multiparous said they also exclusively breastfed their previous child. Yes, I used to breastfeed my baby well. He used to wake me up when we first gave birth to him; he doesn’t let me sleep. But now, whenever he sleeps after sucking, he will wake up again, suck, and then sleep again. I used to sleep, and my mother-in-law used to say I would just be lean. My mother-in-law says I should give my baby herbs and water to make him sleep, and I will have peace of mind, but I normally refuse to give him water or herbs. My husband also complained that my baby should not dry me up with sucking (Participants 7, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 26, Exp). According to another respondent , The way baby boys suck the breast is not the same as how baby girls suck. My second born is a girl, and she doesn’t like breast milk like that, but my third born sucks a lot despite the fact that she is a girl. If I took too long before breastfeeding her, you would hear her crying profusely. So that is the difference I noticed. I also observed that I eat more when I am breastfeeding than I normally do. I eat more now that I am breastfeeding my third child than my second child because she eats a lot more than my second child did (Respondent 7 KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 40, Cntl). Similar responses from another respondent: My experience is that the way this child breastfeeds is different from that of his older siblings. Since I have given birth, I don’t eat at midnight, but I eat at midnight now when breastfeeding this child. And he is always satisfied when he sucks and is satisfied, he sleeps back. The women also said that some people normally say that breastmilk does not satisfy a child and causes mothers to have chest pain. She said it is a lie. They used to say that a child usually has chest pain because there is no water there. If someone does not drink water, I don’t think the person can pee, but the pee of my child is even more than the person taking water, so I don’t believe that (Participants 8, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 31, Exp). For another respondent , When I was pregnant, I didn’t really feel like that, but 5 minutes after eating, I would feel as if something had packed all the food away from my stomach. Now that I have given birth, I like eating enough food at once so that I will be satisfied, and I will only be taking water after the food has satisfied me, It is then that I can breastfeed her, and even giving her breastmilk 3 to 4 times won’t be difficult after I have eaten, I will have the strength and energy. When I first gave birth to her, I used to take pap, you know, something hot, after that, I will now take amala (yam flour), even though sometimes I prefer to be given amala in the morning. Rice doesn’t satisfy a woman who’s breastfeeding, if I eat rice after 30 minutes, I will be looking for other food, but if one swallows food, it holds the stomach very well. The first thing that makes breastmilk rush is something hot, maybe tea or pap, but if one can eat hot amala or semo, Eba is not good for nursing mothers because of the internal wounds it can cause ulcers. When I first gave birth to her, she wasn’t really sucking like that, when babies are entering 1, 2, or 3 months, the way they suck the breast will be different. So as her demand for breastmilk increased, my food consumption rate also increased. If you eat very well, the way the baby will suck breast milk will be different. But if you are not eating very well, the breast will not have enough milk, and the baby will be crying while sucking it, because what she is sucking isn’t satisfying her. The babies know the taste from one another, they will remove their mouth from the breast and be crying; they will not say it, but they are not satisfied (Respondent 8, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 38, Exp). I only lost weight, after the six months of EBF, when they started complementary feeding and I also started eating well, I recovered my lost weight (Participants 9, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 28, Exp). According to another respondent … God did not allow him to get sick, nothing happened to him, because I fed him the way we were instructed. If I had been feeding him just anything, it is possible he would get infected, but if one follows the guidelines given on personal hygiene and follows the instructions given, if one is asked not to press the immunization spot and one does, and it results in something else, would one now go back to the hospital to confess that it was pressed? Because if someone is told something, it should be followed strictly. I did not give my baby any other food except breastmilk for six months (Participants 9, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 29, Exp). To obtain the reactions of husbands during the period when mothers are exclusively breastfeeding their babies, responses varied from those who were fully supportive and those who felt the practice is too demanding. Some of the respondents had this to say: He gets jealous. He says things like, "Hasn’t the baby finished drinking the breast milk?" and I reply that she is still taking it. That is also part of jealousy. I also tell him that he knows she doesn’t have any other food but breast milk (Participant 10, FGDs, Multiparous Mothers, Age: 31, Exp). He could slap you if you don’t breastfeed the child, that is how our daddy (my husband) is, you need to attend to the child once the child is crying, he will even prefer you buy food for him outside while you attend to the child (Participant 11, FGDs, Multiparous Mothers, Age: 30, Exp). No, their dad had no problem with me breastfeeding this current child, he will even be the one to call me when the child is crying (Participants 10, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 27, Exp). Theme 5: Challenges faced during Exclusive Breastfeeding Beyond voracious feeding, some of the mothers identified nipple pain and interrupted sleeps as major challenges to EBF. Few complained about breastfeeding interference due to their work as well as house chores. Additionally, few of the mothers complained about breastmilk not coming out after delivery. There were also some who had already given herbs and water based on advice given by their family members. The interview excerpts below detailed some of these challenges: While breastfeeding the child, it always seems like one may nipple wants to cut off from the breasts, but one will just know and admit that it is for the main time. It is the baby’s mouth that will heal up the wound because if she stops breastfeeding, it might take longer to heal up if she has a sore or cracked nipple. That’s what one will give the baby, though it could be painful, this gets healed over time as long as the child still sucks breast. Yes, another challenge with EBF is that one eats more regularly than before and that the baby also feeds at intervals (Participants 12, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 27, Cntl). Another respondent from the experimental group; No, it's only when they are still babies that I experience nipple pain for 8 days. Like this one, up until yesterday I was still feeling pain on my nipple, but this morning it has healed. I don't use anything on my nipples (Participants 11, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp). House chores will be affected. If he sleeps off now and I want to quickly wash clothes, when he wakes up, he will want me to carry him and play with him. So those are the challenges (participants 13, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 27, Cntl). EBF does not allow the mother to sleep well, especially at night. The mother would not be able to work, wash, or do some other things. Most times, nursing mothers are usually dirty, because the mother might be feeding the baby when she is meant to do other house chores like sweeping. The woman said I am a tailor, and my first child always liked me to put her on the machine when she was a baby, if you back her, she will be crying, and she will want you to put her on your legs. The time you ought to use to work, you won’t be able to work. She said most nursing mothers who practice EBF do not work for one and a half years (participants 14, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Cntl). For the challenges encounter, those in the control group said: There is a difference. Like my firstborn who used to take breast milk very well, my second born didn’t really like breast milk (Laughs). Yes, that one that is crying, it is occasionally that she used to take breast milk well, and even this, my third born, she also takes breast milk well once in a while. She doesn’t take it continuously, but my firstborn... ahhh, it is continuously. Ahhh, it comes out very well (participants 15, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 34, Cntl). While for the experimental group; The challenge is that with my first child, it was after the third day I gave birth to him that I breastfed him, but he was just drinking water, With this one, people advised me, and I told them that it's until the third day that the breast milk will come out, but I was told to put the breast in the mouth of the child for the breast milk to come out, and it did. There was no milk in the breast milk for the first child, but there was milk when I placed this child at the breast after delivery (Participants 12, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp). Sub-theme 5: Introducing other Elements Many of the respondents in the experimental group reported being urged to exclusively breastfeed their children, whereas few did not and fed them with other foods. Only a few respondents indicated they offered the child water, herbs, or some other dietary material between one and three months after the child’s birth. When the mothers were asked the reason for introducing water, herbs, and other dietary substances, some of their responses included rashes on the child’s body, sunken fontanel, baby feeling thirsty and the perception that the child might be thirsty. Furthermore, a few of them stated that their neighbors and mothers-in-law recommended that they add other substances to their diets, which most of them rejected. According to some of the respondents: Breastfeeding is good, and when the child also grows, his brain will be very sharp. This baby that I am nursing now I must not lie I made herbs for him when he had a sunken fontanel (oka-ori). When we just gave birth to him, he didn’t sleep at all, he would be crying excessively, and he was reducing in size every day. They [people] said he has a sunken fontanel (oka ori), so that it won’t turn into another [something else], May God not allow someone to fall into trouble over 3-month-old baby, that was how I made herbs for him, and since then he has been sleeping, but that doesn’t disturb his immunization (Participants 16, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Cntl). Well, I should not lie, when your other people came, I told them I used to give my children breastmilk very well, but I used to give them water. Imagine that you are eating and you are not taking water, imagine how you will feel. Or if the sun is shining and you are thirsty, won’t you drink water. So, I used to supplement it with water, I would buy Eva water (bottled water), boil the water, and add glucose to it (Respondents 17, KII, Multiparous, Age: 38, Cntl). Immediately after delivery, I washed my breasts, and I started breastfeeding my child until they were six months old. I have been following all the advice they gave us during the drama intervention in the community that we must not give water or food until the baby is six months old (Participants 13, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 38, Exp). Another respondent: I gave him water when he was still a baby. It was after he was 2 months old that we gave him herbs (Participants 14, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 23, Exp). No, my mother in-law did not fight with me. She just turned it into jest, saying that I “went for a training when I was pregnant and that we should not give our baby water or anything”, and that the nurse said that we should not give the child anything for the benefit of the child… She still used to talk. I used to tell her that, just like she knows that I used to go for training while I was pregnant, and I was told not to give my child anything apart from breast milk. She said I am a killer and I am stubborn, and what[ever] I say I want to do, [is what] I will do. I did not reply to her (Participants 15, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 33, Exp). Another respondent in the experimental group also shared her experience on the position of her husband regarding the introduction of herbs. She recalled when her husband brought some herbs to the house and was monitoring if the herbs were reducing. I collected it from him but didn't use it for my child. We are always throwing one spoon away every day. He leaves home very early in the morning but he checks the herbs to know if it was reducing (Participants 16, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 25, Exp). Sub theme 5: Health Status of the Children Majority of the respondents stated that their children were healthy and that even when they cry, parents find a way to get him or her to sleep. On the other hand, of those who complained of fever and headache after vaccination, just a few stated they had the medication at hand, while others said they took the child to the hospital. Except when we go for immunization and I notice that she is always cranky, apart from that alone, there is no other time. Even when we go to the market, I’ll be thinking that the stress is too much for her, but she doesn’t cry. She has catarrh now, and yet she is sleeping well. She is the one I bought vitamin C for, and she refused to use it. She just spat it out. I don’t use anything on it except powder since they said it was heat rash. It's even been a while since I applied powder to her body (Participants 18, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 32, Cntl). Though sometimes she may have a high temperature and they will prescribe a drug for her in the hospital, mostly it is when she just received an injection that her body temperature used to go high. To tell the truth, when her elder sister was her age, she used to behave the same way, but you know, the experience you used for the first child can be used for the second child as well. That’s why if you go to the hospital, they will ask you what medication you have given her (Participants 19, Primiparous, KII, Mother, Age:21, Cntl). There was a time she was sick, and there were also times she was crying continuously. She had an infection then, and she was sick. We gave her herbs to cure it. I just knew she had an infection, my mother-in-law said it was an infection because her armpits and chest were swollen, and after we gave her the herbs, she got better (Participants 20, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 21, Cntl). From the experimental respondents; It is not a very serious sickness; he might be playing now; before evening, his body will be hot. After a while, I did not even trouble myself again. I will give him paracetamol, and he will be fine before the next day. When I take him to the hospital, they will treat him, and he will be fine, but they didn’t ask me to do any tests. That’s all (Participants 17, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 33, Exp). According respondent who had a set of twins; When his body is a bit warm, I will first bathe him, and after that, I will change his clothes. I will wear a singlet for him and draw him close to my body till he sleeps. The second one might have slept, but before that one wakes, his body will be okay. What I do for Taiye is what I do for Kehinde [In the Yoruba space of southwest Nigeria where the study was conducted, twins are identified by Taiye, which is the baby that comes out first, and Kehinde, the other (Participants 18, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Exp). DISCUSSION The findings from this study revealed the results of experiences of mothers from two LGAs in Ibadan on exclusive breastfeeding awareness, perception, and their challenges. Most of the mothers reported having heard about exclusive breastfeeding from the health care facilities, religious gathering, radios and television stations. However, health care facilities had a significant influence on dissemination of this information to mother during their antenatal clinic days. This aligns with the study conducted in Indonesia by Astuti et al. , 2021, Ethiopia by Biks et al. , (2015); and Tewabe et al. , (2017), which confirmed the importance of early antenatal registration in helping mothers to make informed decision on exclusive breastfeeding. The reactions of respondents to exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life without the addition of water was revealed through this study. Majority of them expressed their concern on how possible breastfeeding a child without water could be. Practical demonstration of expressing breastmilk into cup by mothers to see its constituents after a while reportedly convinced them that the breastmilk contains much water to satisfy their children, and helped them to practise exclusive breastfeeding, though some respondents still believe in giving their baby water to get hungry easily. From the FGDs and KII interviews conducted, the fact that breastmilk still contain enough fluid needed by infant is still overshadowed with some strong cultural beliefs, myths and traditions suggesting that a child would be thirsty and needs water to quench the thirst. In addition, most respondents still believe that their child needs to be given herb concoction to treat some certain illnesses and make the child strong and healthy, as most women reported being encouraged by their mothers-in-law, spouses and friends to introduce water and herb concoction to their infants. This result is consistent with the studies conducted in the Eastern part of Nigeria by Okafor et al. , (2018), North Central Nigeria (Coetzee et al. , 2017), Ghana (Naah et al. , 2019), Kenya (Wainaina et al. , 2019), Tanzania (Matare et al. , 2019), and Cameroon (Ngongalah et al. , 2019). The findings from the experimental group illustrated how the mothers were able to manage the advice received from their mothers-in-law, family and friend by not giving their infant water and herbs for the first six months of life. In contrast, mothers in the control group introduced water and herbs to their infants within the first six months of life. This finding agrees with the work conducted by Okafor et al. , (2019); Jama et al. , (2017); and Mgongo et al. , (2018), but different from the study conducted in Tanzania by Maonga et al. , (2016). Conclusion The findings from this study reveals the negative influence of beliefs, cultural practices and traditions on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding especially among women who didn’t receive any form of training or support to enhance the practice. Intervention that can address the negative effects of cultural beliefs and traditions on exclusive breastfeeding should be implemented in the rural communities to educate mothers on benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, as this will help to prevent infant morbidity and mortality in rural areas drastically. Sponsorship: This study was funded by “Nestle Foundation for the study of problems of Nutrition in the World”, Lausanne, Switzerland. Declarations Conflicts of Interest: There is no conflict of interest in this study Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Ref No: UI/EC/19/0011). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All participants signed a consent form after receiving a clear description of the study. Participant were also assured that their participation was voluntary and could discontinue if they are no longer interested in the study without any penalty. The research objectives were fully explained to all the participants prior to the commencement of the study and permission was obtained from each respondent to record down their responses. Participants were assured that all the information obtained during the study would be kept strictly confidential and used solely for the purpose of research, with the findings disseminated after the study. A written and signed informed consent was then obtained from each participant who gave their voluntary consent to participate in the study. Consent to participate and to publish: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Availability of data materials: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files] References Tewabe T, Mandesh A, Gualu T, Alem G, Mekuria G, Zeleke H. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers in Motta town, East Gojjam zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2015: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;121:1–7. Biks GA, Tariku A, Tessema GA. Effects of antenatal care and institutional delivery on exclusive breastfeeding practice in Northwest Ethiopia: A nested case-control study. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;101:1–6. Astuti AW, Kurniawati HF, Kurniawati HF. A qualitative study on the breastfeeding experiences of young mothers. Nurse Media J Nurs. 2021;111:35–49. Wainaina CW, Wanjohi M, Wekesah F, Woolhead G, Kimani-Murage E. Exploring the experiences of middle-income mothers in practising exclusive breastfeeding in Nairobi, Kenya. Matern Child Health J. 2018;224:608–16. Okafor AE, Agwu PC, Okoye UO, Uche OA, Oyeoku EK. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practise among breastfeeding mothers in rural areas of Enugu state and its implications for social work practice in Nigeria. Social Work Public Health. 2018;332:140–8. Coetzee B, Tomlinson M, Osawe S, Amibiku A, Kagee A, Rosenthal KL, Study Team INFANT. Barriers to and facilitators of adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices among HIV infected and non-infected women in Jos, Nigeria. Matern Child Health J. 2017;214:953–60. Ngongalah L, Rawlings NN, Emerson W, Titilope O, Mumah S. Infant feeding perceptions and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in urban and rural Cameroon. Int J Child Health. 2018;74:201–9. a. Tampah-Naah AM, Kumi-Kyereme A, Amo-Adjei J. Maternal challenges of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding in Ghana. PLoS ONE. 2019;145:1–16. Jama NA, Wilford A, Masango Z, Haskins L, Coutsoudis A. Lenore Spies & Christiane Horwood., 2017. Enablers and barriers to success among mothers planning to exclusively breastfeed for six months: a qualitative prospective cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int Breastfeed J;12.1:43. Ostergaard LR, Bula A. They call our children Nevirapine babies? a qualitative study about exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Malawi. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;143:213–22. Mgongo M, Hussein TH, Stray-Pedersen B, Vangen S, Msuya SE, Wandel M. 2019. Facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a qualitative study. International Journal of Pediatric ; 2019.1:1–7. Mgongo M, Hussein TH, Stray-Pedersen B, Vangen S, Msuya SE, Wandel M. We give water or porridge, but we don’t know what the child wants: a qualitative study on women' s perceptions and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:323. Lee S, Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabolism. 2016;311:405–22. Orr SK, Dachner N, Frank L, Tarasuk V. Relation between household food insecurity and breastfeeding in Canada. Can Med Assoc J. 2018;19011:1–8. Orozco J, Echeverria SE, Armah SM, Dharod JM. Household food insecurity, breastfeeding, and related feeding practices in US infants and toddlers: results from NHANES 2009–2014. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020;52:588–94. Wong P, Parkin D, Moodie PC, Dai RG, Maguire DW, Birken Ja, C.S., and, Borkhoff CM. Total breastfeeding duration and household food insecurity in healthy urban children. Academician Pediatrician. 2019;19:884–90. Machar1ia TN, Ochola S, Mutua MK, Kimani-Murage EW. Association between household food security and infant feeding practices in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. J Dev Original Health Disease. 2018;9:20–9. Sim SM, Kirk SF, Aston M. Mothering at the intersection of marginality: exploring breastfeeding beliefs and practices among women from Nova Scotia, Canada who identify as overweight, low income, and food insecure. Qual Health Resources. 2020;30:1737–48. Gross RS, Mendelsohn AL, Arana MM, Messito MJ. Food insecurity during pregnancy and breastfeeding by low-income Hispanic mothers. Pediatrics. 2019;143. 10.1542/peds.2018–4113 . Miller JD, Young SL, Boateng GO, Oiye S, Owino V. Greater household food insecurity is associated with lower breast milk intake among infants in western Kenya. Maternal Child Nutr. 2019;15:e12862. 10.1111/mcn.12862 . Smith JP, Lost, milk?. Counting the economic value of breast milk in gross domestic product. J Hum Lactation. 2013;29:4:537–46. Table Table 1: Interview Questions Guidelines Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Research has demonstrated its effectiveness in prevention of childhood illnesses, maternal illness as well as contributing positively to the country\u0026rsquo;s gross domestic products (Quesada \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2020; Smith, 2013). Numerous studies have also assessed its immunological, physiological, developmental and psychological benefits to infants, mothers, and society at large (Fuller-Tsyszkiwicz and Skouteris, 2013; Kramer and Kakuma, 2002; Spitzmueller, \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2015). Despite all these advantages, the global rate of exclusive breastfeeding still remains lower than the recommended WHO target of 50%. According to the 2023 and 2018 National Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS), the EBF rate was reported as 29%. However, most of these women do not exclusively breastfeed their infant, with majority of them supplementing breastmilk with water and/or formula milk products before six months (Ukegbu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2011).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterature has identified several cultural and traditional beliefs impacting these practices both globally and in Africa. For example, in most Africa culture, it is commonly believed that a baby often feels thirsty and should be given water to quench the thirst. Additionally, some believe that herbs and concoction should be used in the treatment of sunken fontanel, stomach aches, allergies, other illnesses as well as strengthening the baby (Agunbiade, 2015). Most Africans also perceive colostrum as \u0026ldquo;dirty\u0026rdquo; and believe that it should be discarded. (Agunbiade \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2015). Other misconceptions about exclusive breastfeeding includes the belief that breastmilk is insufficient (Ukegbu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2011, Okolobiri and Peterside, 2013), concerns on the quality and composition of breastmilk produced by the mother (Ukegbu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2011; Ojofeitimi \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 1999), and physical discomfort such as cracked nipples, breast engorgement and mastitis (Kronborg \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e,2012). In addition, the influence of paternal grandmother (Ukegbu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2011) and perception that breastfeeding is inconvenient, stressful, alters the body\u0026rsquo;s shape and is time-consuming often complicate the outcome of these practices (Udoudou, 2015, Aluko-Arowolo and Sunday, 2012; Olayemi \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2014; Ella \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2016; Coetzee \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2017; Aniebue \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2010, Saidu \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2014). Therefore, this study assessed the effect of drama to debunk some cultural belief, traditional and other factors that affects the exclusive breastfeeding practices of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis was a qualitative aspect of a large quasi experimental study that recruited lactating women with infant aged six months old. The qualitative aspects aimed to obtain in-depth information about the mothers’ exclusive breastfeeding awareness, perception, and the various breastfeeding experience and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding. The findings of this study were guided by the standard for reporting qualitative research (SRQR). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in two selected rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. December 2023 to February, 2024).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA non-probability sampling (purposive) was used to recruit a total of 56 lactating mothers from the selected communities in two LGAs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These women were then assigned four (4) Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) comprising of eight (8) lactating women in each group out of which twenty-four (24) In-depth interviews was drawn.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe objective of the study was explained to the respondents and were also informed that their responses would be recorded using a recorder as well as their non-verbal responses taken down. A voluntary consent was obtained from each respondent prior to the interview. A semi-structured interview guide with probing questions was used to obtain information from each of the respondents. The interview was conducted under a tree in the selected communities and each interview lasted for a period of one and half hour. All responses were recorded with a voice recorder and field note were also taken down.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Analysis:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eA thematic analysis with Nvivo version 10 was used for the analysis. All the recorded responses from each of the respondent was listened to and this was transcribed from the local language (Yoruba) to English. This was further transcribed again to the original language for content validation using a forward and backward transcription method. The note obtained from the field was then used for triangulation. Each of the transcribed responses were generated into codes by the research teams. The generated coded was then put into five (5) themes used for reporting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Considerations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Ref No: UI/EC/19/0011). Participant were assured that their participation was voluntary and could discount if they are no longer interested in the study without any penalty.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial Number:\u003c/strong\u003e Not Applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eA semi-structured question was then used to obtain information from these women during the interview. The questions were grouped into the following themes: awareness of exclusive breastfeeding, perception on exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding experience and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding as well as the health status of their infants. The tables below explain the questionnaire used during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMothers whose infants were six (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) months old were interviewed for this study. Almost all the women were married, and majority was multiparous. Table\u0026nbsp;2 describes some of the socio-demographics characteristics of the mothers in the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2.1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCONTROL GROUP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eINTERVENTION GROUP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge(yrs)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterview\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterview\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e27\u003c/em\u003eyears\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e27years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e38years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e23years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e34years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e33years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e30years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e38years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e33years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e32years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e21years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e33years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e21years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e40years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e33years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e27years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e40 Years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e40 years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP 23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e27years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiparous\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKII\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eThe following themes emerged from the respondents during the interview\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTheme 1: Awareness of Exclusive Breastfeeding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMajority of the respondents who were multiparous with few of them being primiparous said they have heard about exclusive breastfeeding at the from nurses at health care facilities, family members as well as radio and from religious gatherings. Some also mentioned that they heard it during the drama intervention program conducted at the various communities during the study. However, virtually all of them had no unusual reaction to the information when they heard it, and only a few were simply inquisitive. Also, a few mentioned they first heard about it over 10 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAccording to one of the multiparous respondents aged 40 years\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI used to hear it from the hospital as well. Even before I started giving birth, they used to tell us in the hospital, and when I gave birth, they used to emphasize that I must not give additional food to the baby except breast milk for 6 months. So, is it after the first six months that I can start to give him supplementing food? (PI, KII,40Yrs, Exp)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnother participate said; I heard from Adeoyo Hospital in 2008. I went to register there, and I gave birth to my baby there (P1, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWe were told that EBF helps with cognitive development and other benefits (P2, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIt is okay. I was like, \u0026ldquo;Can I do this thing like this?\u0026rdquo; but when I started it, it was okay. It was okay (P3, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age:25, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the words of a respondent:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe first thing I thought about was whether it won\u0026rsquo;t affect the babies, and I was told that it won\u0026rsquo;t affect them and that I should give them exclusive breastfeeding without water and this will provide them with good health. Then we were given an example: we should squeeze the breast milk inside a cup, and after about 5 minutes, we should go back and check it. Truly, when we went to check it, the water that was on top was very plenty, and the milk in the breast that was under was not much at all, and that\u0026rsquo;s when they said, \u0026ldquo;Can I see that there is water in the breast milk that they are drinking?\u0026rdquo; (Respondent 3, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 31)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn interrogating the reactions of respondents in the control group on the practice of EBF, many of the respondents expressed skepticism regarding the advice of not giving the child even water which is considered too essential to be ignored.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTheme 2: Perception of Exclusive Breastfeeding\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of respondents had a positive opinion on EBF, which is reflected in the behavior of some mothers. Interestingly, some had already started it at the time of the interview, while others said they would engage in it when they give birth to another child. However, there were still those who were still skeptical about the possibility of EBF. The interview excerpts below succinctly capture these insights \u003cb\u003e(FGDs)\u003c/b\u003e:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMy opinion is that giving our babies breast milk without anything else [EBF] helps them develop a good brain and be healthy; those children are not usually sick. So, breastfeeding without adding anything else is a good thing. It was initially somehow with me that how can we be giving baby breast milk without adding anything to it, but when I tried it and saw how the baby was growing well, I kept doing it (Participants 4, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age:38, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorroborating this position by another multiparous mother who has consistently practiced EBF, the benefit on the child\u0026rsquo;s brain development is encouraging. In her words:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI have a good perception that EBF for 6 months is something that is okay and helps the child's brain. There is no difference in my experience among all my kids, I gave all of them EBF for 6 months (sic: exclusively breastfed) (Participant 5, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the few who had some doubt, this was fueled by the exclusion of water which they considered too essential to be left out. According to one of such mothers:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI was told that we shouldn\u0026rsquo;t give the baby anything but breast milk, including water, but I felt that the baby would be thirsty if it is not given water (Participants 6, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 21, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the respondents:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMy perception of EBF is that giving babies breastmilk without giving them water or anything makes a child\u0026rsquo;s brain develop well, it helps a child's speech development, and it makes a child smart (Participants 4, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Cntrl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI didn\u0026rsquo;t really believe in it before because I felt like if I gave only breastmilk, the baby would get hungry easily, and if the mother is not well fed, how would the child get enough milk to suckle on? That was my thought before (Participants 5, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTheme 3: Breastfeeding Experience\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll respondents had distinct breastfeeding experiences, and some were uniqueness of breastfeeding to each child as a result of the gender of the child or the child\u0026rsquo;s position. Many also had nipples pain. However, most of the women talked about their increased demand for food as their infants demanded more breastmilk, there were few who also complained about weight loss and that their child sucks and cried a lot and this often disturb their sleeping pattern. Virtually all of them said their husbands were not typically envious, and that they often encouraged them sometimes (except for a few who claimed differently), and that there was never a moment when they didn't want to breastfeed the child. For those in the experimental group, they also emphasized the breastfeeding encouragement from the peer group support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, they all stated that they like breast-feeding their children, despite the problems they confront. Almost all the respondents said they enjoyed breastfeeding their children, and those that were multiparous said they also exclusively breastfed their previous child.\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYes, I used to breastfeed my baby well. He used to wake me up when we first gave birth to him; he doesn\u0026rsquo;t let me sleep. But now, whenever he sleeps after sucking, he will wake up again, suck, and then sleep again. I used to sleep, and my mother-in-law used to say I would just be lean. My mother-in-law says I should give my baby herbs and water to make him sleep, and I will have peace of mind, but I normally refuse to give him water or herbs. My husband also complained that my baby should not dry me up with sucking (Participants 7, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 26, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAccording to another respondent\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe way baby boys suck the breast is not the same as how baby girls suck. My second born is a girl, and she doesn\u0026rsquo;t like breast milk like that, but my third born sucks a lot despite the fact that she is a girl. If I took too long before breastfeeding her, you would hear her crying profusely. So that is the difference I noticed. I also observed that I eat more when I am breastfeeding than I normally do. I eat more now that I am breastfeeding my third child than my second child because she eats a lot more than my second child did (Respondent 7 KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 40, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSimilar responses from another respondent:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMy experience is that the way this child breastfeeds is different from that of his older siblings. Since I have given birth, I don\u0026rsquo;t eat at midnight, but I eat at midnight now when breastfeeding this child. And he is always satisfied when he sucks and is satisfied, he sleeps back. The women also said that some people normally say that breastmilk does not satisfy a child and causes mothers to have chest pain. She said it is a lie. They used to say that a child usually has chest pain because there is no water there. If someone does not drink water, I don\u0026rsquo;t think the person can pee, but the pee of my child is even more than the person taking water, so I don\u0026rsquo;t believe that (Participants 8, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 31, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor another respondent\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhen I was pregnant, I didn\u0026rsquo;t really feel like that, but 5 minutes after eating, I would feel as if something had packed all the food away from my stomach. Now that I have given birth, I like eating enough food at once so that I will be satisfied, and I will only be taking water after the food has satisfied me, It is then that I can breastfeed her, and even giving her breastmilk 3 to 4 times won\u0026rsquo;t be difficult after I have eaten, I will have the strength and energy. When I first gave birth to her, I used to take pap, you know, something hot, after that, I will now take amala (yam flour), even though sometimes I prefer to be given amala in the morning. Rice doesn\u0026rsquo;t satisfy a woman who\u0026rsquo;s breastfeeding, if I eat rice after 30 minutes, I will be looking for other food, but if one swallows food, it holds the stomach very well. The first thing that makes breastmilk rush is something hot, maybe tea or pap, but if one can eat hot amala or semo, Eba is not good for nursing mothers because of the internal wounds it can cause ulcers. When I first gave birth to her, she wasn\u0026rsquo;t really sucking like that, when babies are entering 1, 2, or 3 months, the way they suck the breast will be different. So as her demand for breastmilk increased, my food consumption rate also increased. If you eat very well, the way the baby will suck breast milk will be different. But if you are not eating very well, the breast will not have enough milk, and the baby will be crying while sucking it, because what she is sucking isn\u0026rsquo;t satisfying her. The babies know the taste from one another, they will remove their mouth from the breast and be crying; they will not say it, but they are not satisfied (Respondent 8, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 38, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI only lost weight, after the six months of EBF, when they started complementary feeding and I also started eating well, I recovered my lost weight (Participants 9, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 28, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAccording to another respondent\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026hellip; God did not allow him to get sick, nothing happened to him, because I fed him the way we were instructed. If I had been feeding him just anything, it is possible he would get infected, but if one follows the guidelines given on personal hygiene and follows the instructions given, if one is asked not to press the immunization spot and one does, and it results in something else, would one now go back to the hospital to confess that it was pressed? Because if someone is told something, it should be followed strictly. I did not give my baby any other food except breastmilk for six months (Participants 9, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 29, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo obtain the reactions of husbands during the period when mothers are exclusively breastfeeding their babies, responses varied from those who were fully supportive and those who felt the practice is too demanding. Some of the respondents had this to say:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHe gets jealous. He says things like, \"Hasn\u0026rsquo;t the baby finished drinking the breast milk?\" and I reply that she is still taking it. That is also part of jealousy. I also tell him that he knows she doesn\u0026rsquo;t have any other food but breast milk (Participant 10, FGDs, Multiparous Mothers, Age: 31, Exp). He could slap you if you don\u0026rsquo;t breastfeed the child, that is how our daddy (my husband) is, you need to attend to the child once the child is crying, he will even prefer you buy food for him outside while you attend to the child (Participant 11, FGDs, Multiparous Mothers, Age: 30, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo, their dad had no problem with me breastfeeding this current child, he will even be the one to call me when the child is crying (Participants 10, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 27, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTheme 5: Challenges faced during Exclusive Breastfeeding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeyond voracious feeding, some of the mothers identified nipple pain and interrupted sleeps as major challenges to EBF. Few complained about breastfeeding interference due to their work as well as house chores. Additionally, few of the mothers complained about breastmilk not coming out after delivery. There were also some who had already given herbs and water based on advice given by their family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview excerpts below detailed some of these challenges:\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhile breastfeeding the child, it always seems like one may nipple wants to cut off from the breasts, but one will just know and admit that it is for the main time. It is the baby\u0026rsquo;s mouth that will heal up the wound because if she stops breastfeeding, it might take longer to heal up if she has a sore or cracked nipple. That\u0026rsquo;s what one will give the baby, though it could be painful, this gets healed over time as long as the child still sucks breast. Yes, another challenge with EBF is that one eats more regularly than before and that the baby also feeds at intervals (Participants 12, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 27, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnother respondent from the experimental group;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo, it's only when they are still babies that I experience nipple pain for 8 days. Like this one, up until yesterday I was still feeling pain on my nipple, but this morning it has healed. I don't use anything on my nipples (Participants 11, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHouse chores will be affected. If he sleeps off now and I want to quickly wash clothes, when he wakes up, he will want me to carry him and play with him. So those are the challenges (participants 13, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 27, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEBF does not allow the mother to sleep well, especially at night. The mother would not be able to work, wash, or do some other things. Most times, nursing mothers are usually dirty, because the mother might be feeding the baby when she is meant to do other house chores like sweeping. The woman said I am a tailor, and my first child always liked me to put her on the machine when she was a baby, if you back her, she will be crying, and she will want you to put her on your legs. The time you ought to use to work, you won\u0026rsquo;t be able to work. She said most nursing mothers who practice EBF do not work for one and a half years (participants 14, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFor the challenges encounter, those in the control group said:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThere is a difference. Like my firstborn who used to take breast milk very well, my second born didn\u0026rsquo;t really like breast milk (Laughs). Yes, that one that is crying, it is occasionally that she used to take breast milk well, and even this, my third born, she also takes breast milk well once in a while. She doesn\u0026rsquo;t take it continuously, but my firstborn... ahhh, it is continuously. Ahhh, it comes out very well (participants 15, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 34, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhile for the experimental group;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe challenge is that with my first child, it was after the third day I gave birth to him that I breastfed him, but he was just drinking water, With this one, people advised me, and I told them that it's until the third day that the breast milk will come out, but I was told to put the breast in the mouth of the child for the breast milk to come out, and it did. There was no milk in the breast milk for the first child, but there was milk when I placed this child at the breast after delivery (Participants 12, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 24, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSub-theme 5: Introducing other Elements\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany of the respondents in the experimental group reported being urged to exclusively breastfeed their children, whereas few did not and fed them with other foods. Only a few respondents indicated they offered the child water, herbs, or some other dietary material between one and three months after the child\u0026rsquo;s birth. When the mothers were asked the reason for introducing water, herbs, and other dietary substances, some of their responses included rashes on the child\u0026rsquo;s body, sunken fontanel, baby feeling thirsty and the perception that the child might be thirsty. Furthermore, a few of them stated that their neighbors and mothers-in-law recommended that they add other substances to their diets, which most of them rejected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAccording to some of the respondents:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBreastfeeding is good, and when the child also grows, his brain will be very sharp. This baby that I am nursing now I must not lie I made herbs for him when he had a sunken fontanel (oka-ori). When we just gave birth to him, he didn\u0026rsquo;t sleep at all, he would be crying excessively, and he was reducing in size every day. They [people] said he has a sunken fontanel (oka ori), so that it won\u0026rsquo;t turn into another [something else], May God not allow someone to fall into trouble over 3-month-old baby, that was how I made herbs for him, and since then he has been sleeping, but that doesn\u0026rsquo;t disturb his immunization (Participants 16, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 30, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWell, I should not lie, when your other people came, I told them I used to give my children breastmilk very well, but I used to give them water. Imagine that you are eating and you are not taking water, imagine how you will feel. Or if the sun is shining and you are thirsty, won\u0026rsquo;t you drink water. So, I used to supplement it with water, I would buy Eva water (bottled water), boil the water, and add glucose to it (Respondents 17, KII, Multiparous, Age: 38, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eImmediately after delivery, I washed my breasts, and I started breastfeeding my child until they were six months old. I have been following all the advice they gave us during the drama intervention in the community that we must not give water or food until the baby is six months old (Participants 13, FGDs, Multiparous Mother, Age: 38, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother respondent:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI gave him water when he was still a baby. It was after he was 2 months old that we gave him herbs (Participants 14, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 23, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo, my mother in-law did not fight with me. She just turned it into jest, saying that I \u0026ldquo;went for a training when I was pregnant and that we should not give our baby water or anything\u0026rdquo;, and that the nurse said that we should not give the child anything for the benefit of the child\u0026hellip; She still used to talk. I used to tell her that, just like she knows that I used to go for training while I was pregnant, and I was told not to give my child anything apart from breast milk. She said I am a killer and I am stubborn, and what[ever] I say I want to do, [is what] I will do. I did not reply to her (Participants 15, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 33, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnother respondent in the experimental group also shared her experience on the position of her husband regarding the introduction of herbs. She recalled when her husband brought some herbs to the house and was monitoring if the herbs were reducing.\u003c/em\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI collected it from him but didn't use it for my child. We are always throwing one spoon away every day. He leaves home very early in the morning but he checks the herbs to know if it was reducing (Participants 16, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 25, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSub theme 5: Health Status of the Children\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e Majority of the respondents stated that their children were healthy and that even when they cry, parents find a way to get him or her to sleep. On the other hand, of those who complained of fever and headache after vaccination, just a few stated they had the medication at hand, while others said they took the child to the hospital.\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eExcept when we go for immunization and I notice that she is always cranky, apart from that alone, there is no other time. Even when we go to the market, I\u0026rsquo;ll be thinking that the stress is too much for her, but she doesn\u0026rsquo;t cry. She has catarrh now, and yet she is sleeping well. She is the one I bought vitamin C for, and she refused to use it. She just spat it out. I don\u0026rsquo;t use anything on it except powder since they said it was heat rash. It's even been a while since I applied powder to her body (Participants 18, FGDs, Primiparous Mother, Age: 32, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThough sometimes she may have a high temperature and they will prescribe a drug for her in the hospital, mostly it is when she just received an injection that her body temperature used to go high. To tell the truth, when her elder sister was her age, she used to behave the same way, but you know, the experience you used for the first child can be used for the second child as well. That\u0026rsquo;s why if you go to the hospital, they will ask you what medication you have given her (Participants 19, Primiparous, KII, Mother, Age:21, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThere was a time she was sick, and there were also times she was crying continuously. She had an infection then, and she was sick. We gave her herbs to cure it. I just knew she had an infection, my mother-in-law said it was an infection because her armpits and chest were swollen, and after we gave her the herbs, she got better (Participants 20, KII, Primiparous Mother, Age: 21, Cntl).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrom the experimental respondents;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIt is not a very serious sickness; he might be playing now; before evening, his body will be hot. After a while, I did not even trouble myself again. I will give him paracetamol, and he will be fine before the next day. When I take him to the hospital, they will treat him, and he will be fine, but they didn\u0026rsquo;t ask me to do any tests. That\u0026rsquo;s all (Participants 17, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 33, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording respondent who had a set of twins;\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhen his body is a bit warm, I will first bathe him, and after that, I will change his clothes. I will wear a singlet for him and draw him close to my body till he sleeps. The second one might have slept, but before that one wakes, his body will be okay. What I do for Taiye is what I do for Kehinde [In the Yoruba space of southwest Nigeria where the study was conducted, twins are identified by Taiye, which is the baby that comes out first, and Kehinde, the other (Participants 18, KII, Multiparous Mother, Age: 25, Exp).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings from this study revealed the results of experiences of mothers from two LGAs in Ibadan on exclusive breastfeeding awareness, perception, and their challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost of the mothers reported having heard about exclusive breastfeeding from the health care facilities, religious gathering, radios and television stations. However, health care facilities had a significant influence on dissemination of this information to mother during their antenatal clinic days. This aligns with the study conducted in Indonesia by Astuti \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2021, Ethiopia by Biks \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2015); and Tewabe \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2017), which confirmed the importance of early antenatal registration in helping mothers to make informed decision on exclusive breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reactions of respondents to exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life without the addition of water was revealed through this study. Majority of them expressed their concern on how possible breastfeeding a child without water could be. Practical demonstration of expressing breastmilk into cup by mothers to see its constituents after a while reportedly convinced them that the breastmilk contains much water to satisfy their children, and helped them to practise exclusive breastfeeding, though some respondents still believe in giving their baby water to get hungry easily.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the FGDs and KII interviews conducted, the fact that breastmilk still contain enough fluid needed by infant is still overshadowed with some strong cultural beliefs, myths and traditions suggesting that a child would be thirsty and needs water to quench the thirst. In addition, most respondents still believe that their child needs to be given herb concoction to treat some certain illnesses and make the child strong and healthy, as most women reported being encouraged by their mothers-in-law, spouses and friends to introduce water and herb concoction to their infants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis result is consistent with the studies conducted in the Eastern part of Nigeria by Okafor \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2018), North Central Nigeria (Coetzee \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2017), Ghana (Naah \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2019), Kenya (Wainaina \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2019), Tanzania (Matare \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2019), and Cameroon (Ngongalah \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings from the experimental group illustrated how the mothers were able to manage the advice received from their mothers-in-law, family and friend by not giving their infant water and herbs for the first six months of life. In contrast, mothers in the control group introduced water and herbs to their infants within the first six months of life. This finding agrees with the work conducted by Okafor \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2019); Jama \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2017); and Mgongo \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2018), but different from the study conducted in Tanzania by Maonga \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2016).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe findings from this study reveals the negative influence of beliefs, cultural practices and traditions on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding especially among women who didn\u0026rsquo;t receive any form of training or support to enhance the practice. Intervention that can address the negative effects of cultural beliefs and traditions on exclusive breastfeeding should be implemented in the rural communities to educate mothers on benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, as this will help to prevent infant morbidity and mortality in rural areas drastically.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSponsorship: This study was funded by \u0026ldquo;Nestle Foundation for the study of problems of Nutrition in the World\u0026rdquo;, Lausanne, Switzerland.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest: There is no conflict of interest in this study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval:\u003c/strong\u003e Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Ref No: UI/EC/19/0011). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All participants signed a consent form after receiving a clear description of the study. Participant were also assured that their participation was voluntary and could discontinue if they are no longer interested in the study without any penalty.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research objectives were fully explained to all the participants prior to the commencement of the study and permission was obtained from each respondent to record down their responses. Participants were assured that all the information obtained during the study would be kept strictly confidential and used solely for the purpose of research, with the findings disseminated after the study. A written and signed informed consent was then obtained from each participant who gave their voluntary consent to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate and to publish:\u003c/strong\u003e This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data materials:\u003c/strong\u003e All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files]\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTewabe T, Mandesh A, Gualu T, Alem G, Mekuria G, Zeleke H. Exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among mothers in Motta town, East Gojjam zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2015: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2017;121:1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBiks GA, Tariku A, Tessema GA. Effects of antenatal care and institutional delivery on exclusive breastfeeding practice in Northwest Ethiopia: A nested case-control study. Int Breastfeed J. 2015;101:1\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAstuti AW, Kurniawati HF, Kurniawati HF. A qualitative study on the breastfeeding experiences of young mothers. Nurse Media J Nurs. 2021;111:35\u0026ndash;49.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWainaina CW, Wanjohi M, Wekesah F, Woolhead G, Kimani-Murage E. Exploring the experiences of middle-income mothers in practising exclusive breastfeeding in Nairobi, Kenya. Matern Child Health J. 2018;224:608\u0026ndash;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkafor AE, Agwu PC, Okoye UO, Uche OA, Oyeoku EK. 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Maternal challenges of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding in Ghana. PLoS ONE. 2019;145:1\u0026ndash;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJama NA, Wilford A, Masango Z, Haskins L, Coutsoudis A. Lenore Spies \u0026amp; Christiane Horwood., 2017. Enablers and barriers to success among mothers planning to exclusively breastfeed for six months: a qualitative prospective cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Int Breastfeed J;12.1:43.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOstergaard LR, Bula A. They call our children Nevirapine babies? a qualitative study about exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Malawi. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;143:213\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMgongo M, Hussein TH, Stray-Pedersen B, Vangen S, Msuya SE, Wandel M. 2019. Facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a qualitative study. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Pediatric\u003c/em\u003e; 2019.1:1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMgongo M, Hussein TH, Stray-Pedersen B, Vangen S, Msuya SE, Wandel M. We give water or porridge, but we don\u0026rsquo;t know what the child wants: a qualitative study on women' s perceptions and practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:323.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLee S, Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabolism. 2016;311:405\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrr SK, Dachner N, Frank L, Tarasuk V. 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J Dev Original Health Disease. 2018;9:20\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSim SM, Kirk SF, Aston M. Mothering at the intersection of marginality: exploring breastfeeding beliefs and practices among women from Nova Scotia, Canada who identify as overweight, low income, and food insecure. Qual Health Resources. 2020;30:1737\u0026ndash;48.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGross RS, Mendelsohn AL, Arana MM, Messito MJ. Food insecurity during pregnancy and breastfeeding by low-income Hispanic mothers. Pediatrics. 2019;143. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1542/peds.2018\u0026ndash;4113\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1542/peds.2018\u0026ndash;4113\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiller JD, Young SL, Boateng GO, Oiye S, Owino V. Greater household food insecurity is associated with lower breast milk intake among infants in western Kenya. Maternal Child Nutr. 2019;15:e12862. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1111/mcn.12862\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/mcn.12862\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSmith JP, Lost, milk?. Counting the economic value of breast milk in gross domestic product. J Hum Lactation. 2013;29:4:537\u0026ndash;46.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Interview Questions Guidelines\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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gniG750WNg2dn+sF9gyXTR5SLy696YPjR1Fk609e1x8cMI46kzqXH3IoS0Nf1y/u1+Wa9qL+JElMkiQmDMPCfWUfMgAAfCxq5seBBwAAwBMYDAbWdzbLsqnL3gAAAMqBgQoAAEsiz3PrMhFF0UxuAgAAACaBgQoAAM8Av+opDMPKrzUBAACYBAYqAAAAAABYKbCLHwAAAAAArBTPMoO6rK+YAAAAAACAl+MZzMKFeBYDFQAAAAAAgEXBEj8AAAAAAFgpYKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgAgAAAACAlQIGKgAAAAAAWClgoAIAAAAAgJUCBioAAAAAAFgpYKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgAgAAAACAlQIGKgAAAAAAWClgoAIAAAAAgJUCBioAAAAAAFgpYKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgVtDr9ahWq9kjTVNqtVqFsDiOiYgoz/NCON/farVUqsuj1+tRo9HQwWBOdN1BpwAAAMDrAgO1guPjYwrDkIiIsiyjZrNJFxcXFAQBERElSULtdpuIiOr1OhljyPM8MsZQr9ej4XBYSG/ZHB8f093dnQ4Gc7K9vU3GGHtkWfasPywAAAAAUM2bN1D1DOey2d/fJyKi29tbG/bt2zciIrq5ubFhRERpmtLe3h7R2HhkQ3ZRYCS9HDwTTkQUhiEMfwAAAOAVefMGqjHmyYbgNHzfp+vra3ter9fJ9326uroqxDs7O6OdnZ1C2KIMBgMYSS/E3d2dnQknIrq6urI/NAAAAADw8rx5A/Ul6Ha7E8v1o9GIRqMR5XleCK/X64VzGs+s8izvYDCw4XEcF2aAe70e0di3tN/vU5ZlE/dIWq1WYZaV02s0GhTHsXNGWfrV8r3SB5PLo2XjtAaDgQ0jVTaOw/dyXNdMMOep/XoljUajIIPUdW3s/yvLQ0o+OStKJWXXpGlKo9HIzpwDAAAA4BUw74AgCAwRmSRJ9KWlkGWZISITRZExxpgkSUwYhs4wCcvl+74xxpgwDI3nefa6vD+KIkNEJssyZ1yN7/uFtI0xNj7LW6YPzksSBIHNO4qiQt5cVk5P3y/z42tENKEPhuPzwenKe3T5Pc8zQRDYeHyw/nSeQRAU7g+CwMY1Kj1JEASlegMAAADAy4AZ1BngJf3T01MisZQvw25ubpzL+77v08XFBRERra+vU5Zl9poxhtrtNg0GA+p0OuKu6VxcXJDv+4WwLMtoMBjYDVvNZrNwnWm32+R53sTMLM/+Hhwc0OHhoQ3f398n3/cLYWW0222KoohI+O9q6vW61UOSJFZOz/NsnP39feviUKvVJvRGRBRFkV2a932fgiCweW5sbNj4RETD4ZA6nY6dQc2yjC4vLwtxmDK9AQAAAOBlgIE6I91ul0ajkT2v1+v09etXu8x/dXXlXN6vgpejaWyoPZUwDKnf71NthlclHR4eUr/fJxovye/u7tpr0hhk6vX6i/vEsjFpjJkwxueBXQPkTn1jzER50jS1G+AAAAAA8HrAQJ2Rz58/E439GHl2jmdMz8/P6evXr4X400jT1PqZls00zsv+/j4ZYyiKoqmvSpKzqNfX1xOzhnJTGDPN6F0mrVaLgiCws6VPgX84uHxyJTc3N3P/yAAAAADA8nm3BipvvNGbmBaFl/mHw6E1TOv1OnmeR/1+37m8Pwvfv38ncryySqKX4stgA1Ius1fBs6h6OTwMQxoOh4VNRsPhkA4ODgrxWLdHR0dERLS5uTnVCJwHWXdy9noRgiCgzc3NQhhvSmOW9UMBAAAAAE9EO6W+JfRmG7lJhjcR8cafZaA37pSFGZE/ERnP8+xGIz6yLCvE4Q1VNN40lCRJIa5G3ssbpWQaNGPVumQ3YmOUlEnieZ69JjdR6ftcssuy0XijkzznjUo6jMa6lOGsfz73fb9UD1JnpMrEbUluOgMAAADA61Azy1hDBW+WXq9Hx8fHOhgAAAAA4NV4t0v8YDqDwaCwOQoAAAAAYBWAgfrBkC/WJ7xSCQAAAAArCJb4AQAAAADASoEZVAAAAAAAsFLAQAUAAAAAACsFDFQAAAAAALBSwEAFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBAnZNarVb4BOhHZDAY2FdV9Xo9ajQaE58NfQk47/cCvwJsWZ/nJSKK49jWFdcXAAAAsOrAQJ0DNkxPT0/1pQ9DHMd0dXVFxhiKooiGwyFdXl6+yteojo+P6e7uTge/SdI0pc3NTR38JPI8p9PTUzLGkDGGkiSh4XBIg8FARwUAAABWijdvoMoZoueeHTo4OKAgCGg0Gi11lustcXp6Sl+/fiUiona7TcYYqtfrOtpctFotHeRk1nhvCS5Ts9mkJEn05Scj22qz2STf9+n+/l5HAwAAAFaKN22gpmlKnU7Hng+Hw2dbfk/TlBqNBn379o2IiM7Pz3WUD8GyZyzjOKbRaKSDJxgMBkvP+7V57h9U9Xp94gfEaDTC520BAACsPG/aQD07O6Msy8gYQ77v68tL5ezsjA4ODqher5Pv+3RycqKjWB9C9tGU/pHSD7DMiHbF4bTk7GGr1bLxZB6NRqMwk9zr9SbiaKQ/KcvugsuWZRn1+/2CjPq+RqNRSDdN08InVtM0pTiOaTAY2B8YUm5Nr9ejfr9PWZYV8mq1WgW99Ho9arVahbziOKY8z+25noXVPpplcBppmlr9s15Zz3xdIq/J9FutFg2HQxqNRlZOCdelrrsyeVk+qXfNYDAg3/fxeVsAAACrj3knRFFkiMhkWaYvPZksy4znefac80qSxIYlSWKIyBCRCYLAhpsfPyU7EU/eK/F9f+J+3/cL/4dhaM89zyvIpu8Pw7BwXZJlWUGWMAwLsrrwPK+QP5eZwzzPs2ESKQMRmSiKjBG6nIYuh+/7hoisboIgsPnqML5P6z6KooKugiBw6or1xEeSJIUwLovv+4W6CoKgkD7LLK/L+LINZVk2UT9l8kpZZHoaV9kAAACAVWS6ZfBGCMOwYDgtE1fa5DBE2cCQRjIbYPrQ6TE6jSiKrIHC1yRsnEgjaVYDVSINvCq0gWrGutBGs47jed6EvswTDFRTYhDKc522NvjYYNSH60eOvtc4yinz5/g6LakrLa+ue44v61bLyvFd8kmSJLHpAAAAAKvOm17il9zf39P+/r4OXgonJyd2WVsunw6HQx11goeHBwqCwO6k5qNMVt7IcnR0RERE19fXdkn28fFRxf7Rz5DG+SwCL0FvbW1RFEX68tI4PDyk4XBYuvzMaJeDsmX/ZXB3d0dJkkzUzVM3fRERff/+XQcREZHneQtvUnqKvI+Pj9Rut3UwAAAAsJK8CwO11WrZ1xxpX76nEscxbW9vTxgFvON6Wn7r6+t0eXmpgys5ODig4XBIaZrSxsaGvjzh50jjfOYljmMaDodkjHl244V3/LPetG8ls7+/X9Dzc76+qtFo0M3NjQ5eKre3tzrIWaez8BR5F/0BAwAAALwGb95A7fV6dqNJrVaj6+trIrGR6Kmvg+p0OnbnvoRnOuVbBFy0223KsqwwE5jneelmJBJpb25u0s7Ojg1vt9vkeV7hfZlxHJPneQUDU5aZNxeVGYQk4rPungPOv+p1SlU6kcwabxrdbpf6/X7B4B8MBk9uM6TaB6eXpillWeacPZ+lTE+R15UnAAAAsLLoNf+3hMsnj/37+Jr2AZwVufFE+gEyOu8//uM/LpxLX0CdlvaldJEkidNn06iNSDotudGGxvrQcSQyLemHqvWm0+U4Oi95rn1h9b1G6abMf9I4NhBJ/bMvKp+zb6jMT/sCc33qeNp3VuftSot9Sflc6lu3E4lMR6epz1kul7wu+Vz5uMoGAAAArCI1Y4zRRit4feI4prW1NbwSCAAAAAAfDhioK0qr1aKLiwsdDAAAAADw7nnzPqjvCflS9+fcHAQAAAAAsMpgBhUAAAAAAKwUmEEFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBABQAAAAAAKwUMVAAAAAAAsFLAQAUAAAAAACsFDNQK5GufarUapWlqP6HKRxzHROPPhcpwvr/VaqlU3xetVqvwGddlMBgMrB5Zhy+pxziObR2W0Wg0ll5usPqkaTr1E8q6vXJ7LoPTlJ+wnRfX+PPczNMHer3exOeWa7XaTJ/4fYvwGFLVTuZhWhvi+q9qQ646mIeP8Dx7SabVKdDfXgQT8Kcl5ac/+ZOgrk9z8mcuOY7v+zrKu4E/41n2SdZFiKLI6ow/0ak/u/qcyE+MAiDRn9udBflpWhcyTdd4MitSppf4rC1/InmWvs9jYdUnl98TcgyZtZ08hVk/F/0UPsLzDKwe72IGVc62LZv9/X0iIrq9vbVh3759IyKim5sbG0bjmZC9vT0iIjo+PqYgCArX52UVf632ej07K3BxcUG+7+soT+L09JS+fv1KRETtdpuMMVSv13W0uZAyu0jT1M7ktNttiqJIRwGAms0mJUmigyvZ39+nMAx1sGWRNDVxHJPnebafGGNofX3dru48B3d3d+R5ng52soyx8C3xUmMIPx/q9TplWaYvL5WPVodvlVW0GZ7CmzdQ5ZLFcDisXOJYFN/36fr62p7X63XyfZ+urq4K8c7OzmhnZ6cQtiiDwYDu7u508KuSpikNh0MdvFSWXeZZZO52uzoIgDfDw8ODDqJOp6ODwDtiFZ8P4HV5jgm61+ZNG6hxHNPh4SEZY5711123250wckajEY1Go4mZOddsH/uYaZ8r9lPSM8C9Xo/6/T5lWTZxD6n0+BeTTIdl4vM0TQv3yPtI+a/J2URJHMe0ublJRESe5038UpNl0TM3jUbDXnOlTaJMWZZRv98vpKN93RqNRsFPVZcvTVOK43iqzDTWkcxT16dLXxwuy8LySr9lmZbWPx9aVzoep8G+zzpPPlg/si6l/mQcF9qHkQ/OT5ZLpu0K47hSZ654GlccrmeZFuuiVqsVfqDqcrIcMk5r7DPNcctkke2rVuInxmlovz7dXl3I/qJXYjS6bnSZ5VjBMtHYSJWyyzqU+mRZXLrW8P2u8mk5qyYLOG4cx6VtnsvCbbAsHon+KK/zwfdzOXV9MbJOaqqMg8GAGo1GoYxaBzJ/148GRtYDj1N8zrrXsnKb5f+rng+yf+hwWbe9sU9p2fOpjKr4epxgpEz8jOFz1uO09ldzjLGk9C7786L1KWXlMFlmF670WDd8rtudrFM+L6sPlol1I8vM14fDIY1GI6oJPVT1GU5zMBhMtOWVQa/5v1V83382Hyf28YmiyJix3xj7lukwifbbCcOwIKO8X/tb6rgutM+R7/sFn7AwDG16nudZ+djvje/1fd8ZT8P3Sb8q7YcaBEHBT8nzPBtf69GFzl/7uvG5brplenXJrNF5aj9UnQZf43v4XObreZ6VWZeb06/yF9N60u1L3s/py7rX9+u2oZHl4fKW6TAIgoK+wzCcSFuWjfXI4VVld8kp25Pv+xPtQ8qi75f9iNuqLIsL3fdkXbL8nAbrnsuj2yunJ3XA9c+wXLPoRLcl45DXOOo/CILCOZdJtvWyfs/INPk+KZeUga+72gyXQcvo+37h3Ih2lCRJoR1InXJaWgd6LDKqLWlc5cuyzOYl89Dl03XA7aCsnUVRVIiv25EZy89/dfl0flKnnIYsD7cxLj+nKcN0O9XwPTK+lCEIgkK75zyZMAwL+tfjihFl1rCsskx8zu1WtjG+vqz6NBVtx5WeDDOOfqvrdJb60O2ZZS67XtVnoiiyenOVdVUob41vCK5YWVnLxvf9QufOsqwQFgpjkNENRjcoRjbmqg6i8dXD2DUgaFgGUgZqWeeTuAYULYOUWz7M5VE2CBmHschh8p5Z4jAumTU6PV1ProcHqQc6OR62LI9LBh1fo+tf61jXlx5gdfq6niSu8mmdMNzGpGyZMk6yLLNpyfYmD1faxqGrKIoKRoqsF+MY+HU5tR71dRdaFxItn3HoWrdF7t/yuozPaZblycj+JO/XZTQOmbT+yfFwrsLV5mQ55RgmD5YhUMaDrjczlkPqTV4LxANcHqwznZZxtOskSSbiuJBlKRuPdTuQ+RhHf9Ro2ficy59l2UT5Zf5aHp2ecfRhPc4HMz6fmKr4nL8uLzl++HIcPpfXq/qArmPdl7VOZPi89WlUftnYsC1j3vSMo06r9LvI9ao+M619rgpveomfMWKJ/7mmqrvdLo1GI3ter9fp69evdpn/6urKubxfBU/TE9FCGyWk60Ge59aXMo7jiaVqXu64vr6ecKg/ODiwSwN6GeApPD4+ku/7ZH78IWSP4+NjHfXJHB4e0nA4LCx7rArNZpM8z6Pz83Oi8bILEdHnz59VzH9gf3+fsixzLkHf39/rIFpbWyMiou/fv+tLU2Gf6rOzM6JxW8qyjL58+WLj8HLQwcHBxKafer1OjUbDynp+fk7NZpNo7B8ZBMFEG+DNh5pms0m+79PR0REREV1fX9u0Hh8fVex/cKmpWlKdh2W1/Sp0/5sGL9OxO9O8cJl0Hczjw+hqc5L7+3sKw3Aij3a7raOW0m63aTgcWnllneZ5TlEUTaTPbcNFvV6nIAjo8PCQaLxHoEqeRcfjRdqM7nPn5+cURZEdz8/PzyvHh1WjbNzxPM+2HT0O3tzcUBiGdHJyQjSun6r6nJdF65MJw5AODg6IxvWxrP0lL0VVn2m32+R5HnmeZ5f5V5F3YaDSeJeh7/sLDRazwINFr9ejjY0NIiLbYM/Pz+3O81lJ09T6EZU9rKfBg20cx3R0dETtdpuCIKDT01O6vb218uV5Tp1Oh5IkcRqHzWaTjDH2wTnr7txprK2tFYz654R3/PNApP19XpvT01Pr57q5uUlRFE39QcMDZBzHtLu7W7hWptdPnz7poJk4Pj62Br7neRSGoX1YDMYbMqoMgm63awdzyfr6Ol1eXurgSg4ODuyGR+5rEpdv4/r6ug5aCK4TlzG8TOYxqLm9XFxc6EszwWVy6W0eqgzajY2NiU2jixAEAR0dHVGapoUfSPV6vbBRdVa+fftGo9FoatmXMR7P22bkBMP9/X1hPKeS/QyrjnzbDSP78N7eHp2cnNjn9M7ODmVZVtrXF2UZ9SknCe7v799cfUzrMzym+75P/X7fORny2rxpA7XVahUMkbu7OzuLyDM+yzJY+RfvcDi0hl+9XifP86jf7y/864p/eVZtlKj6dRMEAV1fX9vOvbu7S6PRiE5PTyc6FA+gehBptVqU5znV53hdSZVMDP9i1k7vzzHLze2g6rU902ROx5utnoNutzv3zBIPkAcHBwXDkF9zJvV6dnZGQRAU6pyNoDRNaTQa0XA4LNX99vZ2QT49qMt24TJE2u02ZVlGrVar0Bc4XOab53llXfAs6ubm5kRanufZjW8kXrEk9Sn7PD+k5vnBEgQBdTqdQjpleluEIAio3+/b9HkWbXNzs7T9ybqcB15NCYKgoDeas0y7u7uUZZmttzRNKcsy26Z2dnZoNBoV6jUdb1ach93dXRoOhxOzaRyuN8FM0wfPom5ubk78yHMxy3is4WeDfHPC6ekp0fjHftkziNtsr9ezfToIAucPvSqq+tJLwX1W9htuI3IsYYP06OiI9vf3re663e7SfmRKFqlPSRiG1Ol0aGtrS196FeSPRG4nrhXDwWBQ2WfiOLbt5jleF7k09Jr/W0L7PUn/FfaVW6aPhfYzKQszIn8a+3ppWbOxDyufS38R9sWRcctw+ZJo3yOj/FHk/9HYWdoTm4+m+QHxffIe9gficxJNS4bJcIksLx/Z2LeRz3X62v9I38twWJn/GafrjzfgyHRYv2Xn/X6/cK516Y83oMk48phGGIZOuXWaUhdG6YN9z3QciZaLD9ajzsslv/aBYrSsrv6iSZKkVF6pX52Wbkeyf+p6qUK3Nem3xYc+13UfBMFEe2Jcfb+s3+m65Dx0fhxmRPpShzJPzk/LN8tYI+WQ6Wvds46lLr3xpkkZT7dv1/hlHP7MwXgvgAxz3cdj7TRcdcIya3nlOdebrnuaok/j8At1+S5qWWQ8lzz6nPsln3OeMs1p7WDW+LqNudDthuUtw1XHui/r/mqWUJ8M67wMnbdOT5+H402lfO553kz6demBhN5kPq4wEuNBNPb31uGrRs38+PABADwjg8FgYlYyz3O6vb2tnE3t9XpOt4xl45KvKvy5ieOY1tbWSl0KAJiVNE3p8fGxsp8B4CLPczo/P3+VMRC88SV+AN4C2sWB6fV6lQ/NsqXBZdPr9ZybYHjp9jU4PT2FcQqWwuHhYWU/A6CMo6OjVxsDAQxUAJ6di4sLu0FKHmW+ZvyC8u3t7ReZPT0+PqbLy8sJ+ba2tib8mJ+TnngB90uUG7xfeAd3VT8DwEUsXvD/0mMgKIIlfgAAAAAAsFJgBhUAAAAAAKwUMFABAAAAAMBKAQMVAAAAAACsFDBQAQAAAADASgEDdU56vV7hqzTp+DvZZV80yfOcarXa3F9UeU1arVbpq5GWDevvuV+pxPVQVk+0pLrlHfh8PHe5AAAAgPcIDNQ56PV69tvJDH/H3vXOxjzPl/Zd+5fk4uJi4e9+z0OaphOfX3wOZq2H4+Nj+ym5abK50uz1enR6emo/F+r7/kQcAAAAAEwHBuocHB8fUxAEOriUeb5t/1HI89x+A7zZbFKSJDrK0lmkHqbJVpYmf1edxLeSMYsKAAAAzAcMVPCisHH6Hjk+Pi68YP7m5oZ838eLngEAAIA5gYE6A61Wi2q1WsE/keGvTshZMvZdrNVqdH5+XogvkV87kWlzGPs+yvSkz6P84kWe59YnUsZxIfOVB5eh0WhYQ9KVL3/xR/qpuuJpGo0GjUYjGg6HVHP4drL/ptazLGetVitc0+i4rtlLrk+d1iy+t7PWLRFRv9/HV2wAAACARTCgEt/3TRAExhhjsiwzRGQ8zzPGGBNFkSEiQ0QmyzJjjDFJkhTOgyAwRGSiKBKp/gM6vjHGhGFokiQpXGc4T07PdX9Vfny/lo/xPM8QkS2zGcsjz804X0bez/LI6xKpTyPis0ysY74/iqJC/CAIrP41XDbG933j+74xou5k2lJPvu8bIrLxjaMsWtdVdRtFkQnDUAcDAAAAYAYwg1pBmqY0Go3ssm29Xi/4oLbbbYqiSNxBdHh4SGEY2mXdb9++Fa5rms0m+b5PR0dHNuz+/t5uuuL0mHa7TUEQLDwz9/DwQJ7nWfl2d3eJhJ/k3d3dxMaenZ0dury8tOdyVpJnS3lWkTcW3dzc2DizkGUZ1et1K9fj4yMREZ2entoZ11qtRsPhkLIsc86MHhwcFOrDtdkrSRKrW8/z6OHhwcb1fb8QVzNP3V5fX9P+/r4OBgAAAMAMwECtgI2keeBd4PNwcHBAw+GQ8jynNE1pa2vLXnOlt7Gx4dygMws7OzuUZZldXr+5uSkYrC7q9To1Gg1rjJ6fn1sj7+HhgYIgsDvX+ViWcXZ3d0dJkkyk75J3UZ3MiqsuypB1CAAAAID5gIE6A67Zuiru7+91UCVyFvXs7Iza7Xbh+tXVVeGcxrN/i1Cv1ykMQ9rc3KRarUb9fr8wO1pGt9t1ztqur6/PdP+iNBqNmWdj5YzoczFL3aZpSmtrazoYAAAAADMCA7UCNhTlznNeYtYbeZi9vT0aDod2hpI30nQ6ndLNQyRmUTWHh4c0Go1oMBjYsJOTEzo8PCzE+/79O9F4AxRV5JemKd3f30+djdS0223KsoxarRbt7OxMhEsd5XlekNdFnudO+TTdbpf6/X5hQ9VgMHD+aNjb25uIu8y3Bsxat81m0/leXAAAAADMiHZKBUXk5hoabx5ybZJybZ7h+GUbaTS+7xc2OzE6H50Wb/AhIhOGoTMOo9PigzcH8SYpll0SBEFhExGjdVS2icmMN1xxHC2LPudNRnyPDneh40ZRVNiI5cqHy8Xnvu9P3MMbpWapW9YhAAAAABajZn7czQxWgF6vV3iP5nPAs396hi+OY/r8+fNMs6kAAAAAAM8JlvhXhDiOX2RjTdnnO09PT2GcAgAAAGAlgIH6isgX619fX09sjnoOkiSxG6TkoV/HBAAAAADwWmCJHwAAAAAArBSYQQUAAAAAACsFDFQAAAAAALBSwEAFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBABQAAAAAAKwUM1Ap6vV7hVUxpmlKr1SqE8Scu5SujarWavb/VaqlUX49arVb4BGmv1yv9ZCuNPynKZVklWK5arWbLsMxPmmoajcbUT7e+BmmaUq1Wc3729SWQ7d11xHE80S/0oT9hq6/LY1odxHFs4z5Hv5PjwSqxqu0TAACeAgzUCo6PjykMQyIiyrKMms0mXVxcUBAERON3ivK7S+v1OhljyPM8MsZQr9ej4XBYSO81cT1Uj4+P6e7uTgcTjY2Ffr+vg1+dOI7p6uqKjDEURRENh0O6vLx8ti9wNRoNyrJMB786aZqWfnThpTDG2P5hjCkcSZLQw8OD7RdBENi+wUcQBLS5uWl/5O3v7xO/9S4Mw0LcaXWQpikdHBzYvEejUcH4fQpsZF9eXlp5VoVVbZ8AAPBU3pWBqmdklsH+/j4REd3e3tqwb9++ERHRzc2NDaPxQ3Jvb49obPyxIbsKzPtQ3d/ft8bHKnF6ekpfv34lIqJ2u03GmCd/Aatqtu3u7o48z9PBr06z2aQkSXTw0un1egvN0DabTdt3yjg+PibP8+jg4EBfmqBer1emd3Z2Rtvb20TjvI0xE5/zXYQ8z8nzPAqCoPTH3Esj2+uqtk8AAHgq78ZAfc4lXt/36fr62p7X63XyfZ+urq4K8c7OzmhnZ6cQBpbLso2EOI5pNBrpYDD+wbXIKkCapjP/UKxyMWFmWb5exIiehV6vR77vP9sM/bygvQIAPgrvwkBd9EE6K91udyL90WhEo9Fo4sHoms1jX0GXH530aZVG9mAwsL6V8pr0s3Mt20uk/5/Ol8Z569nDWf3sGo3GRNosmzQ6tB8vw+Xm/KX/oQvWYZZl1O/3qSb8f3X52CeP00vTtCBbHMeUpikNBgPqdDo2jWk/cnSaEllGlkvfo+VstVrWh1bfx2gfTpdB9/37d3td16dsezIP2Y7yPC/kE8cxxXFsXQg8z5tItwq9slAGG1u86lCG/iEoYblHoxENh8OCjrXupO75WlW7y/OcRqMRff36tZCOhNuaTCfP84J+dd/TfVi2Jb5Gok3JPlLVXsvapxxD9D0AALCymHdAEAQmCAJDRCZJEn35yWRZZojIRFFkjDEmSRIThqEzTMIy+b5vjDEmDEPjeZ697vt+QV4iMmEY2rRl+sYYE0WRCYLAngdBUEhPwjJz+pwmy+j7fkE2M05PnrMMZej4ZpyuvC7l5TzldRk/iqLK/IwxxvO8gp5ZRg7zPM8pN+tJ62XWPLXuZLnk/UmS2PR1XlwHnAbLmWWZvV8j83K1QyKaKBvH5+sMl1XfL/Ofdl0j26o8dD/kvqAPHc+IOpXHNHSdsC5Ydi5LGIb2Gqn2r2F96brme2Rb0+2P75F1bsZpyj7L15MksfnJMsv2xPdrfVS1zyRJ7P+uewEAYFV586NVEAQmyzL7AHQ98JaB7/v2wcR5yjB+8EmqDDD5kJSHTE8bn9KokYfO1ziMQyMMYEbKrx/oxvFw1WgDjB+y8pqWTcpQpZ8ytIFqHOWaJQ6zSJ5Sbm1U8KHzkgYao42qKthQoSkGpKwz3/edcnC7ct0/LX2Nq42EYTjRD2W+DOtOh2v9VRmRjNalq/1LWXXbdeHqgywz66Sqbcj4jOd5Vr+M7Ic6vpZTXzdTZNAGLgAAvBXe9BJ/mqa0tbXlXFZfNt1ut+D7Va/X6evXr3aZ/+rqai45vn//PrGr2RhDFxcXOqrl7u6OkiSZuMeVr3Y9mMb379910FTq9ToFQUCHh4dEYx9cfqtBWXqe59H9/b0OfnbCMLSuAa5l8kV5eHigIAgm6oQ39PDy6tbWFkVRpG+fCi/RHx4e0o+2WzXr6+v2f5e/7sbGxrPv+v7y5YsOctJutykMQ8qyzOnewPCmuHlwtX/WjevarKytremguXDpvl6vO+tqGTSbTfJ9nzY3N51uAQAAsKq8aQP17OyMOp0O1Wo16yP6XK/e+fz5M9HY4NjY2CAishuizs/P536Ifvr0ibIsm+th2Wg0ZvbvowUfxGWGZRnfvn2rfKWPfPsBw/p7SfgVRlEUUZZlc/lUVrG+vk6Xl5c6mGjsTzgcDskYYw33ednc3KQoiip/uEgeHh7I93177vLffO5d381mk5rNJg0Gg9J2wUiDuoyq3ftVlNWL6wediy9fvpT20VnTcCE3XDLL/NGkubi4IDN+rddwOJzwiQUAgFXkTRuox8fHdsZKvpuUxCYc18NlEXjn/nA4tIZpvV4nz/Oo3+/PvXuf0+NX4zBVMxzdbpf6/X7hoT8YDJxl5BlfuSmGiKjf7zsfUM1mkzzPo263a8NOTk6ISt6hyvAs6ubmJu3u7tpwnrnpdDpWvjRNKcuygsEhZ474dUNV+S0KGwDtdrt0JtOll2m0223KsqxQb3meT2zIoRLDZBYeHh6IxvpzwT8C8jynfr9v9Xh4eEij0aggy8nJiZ3xZvhHCcfrdDoTM5rz6iZNUzo5Oal81VOapnbTz6IGfBkHBwcT9XJ6ejrXq9OazSYFQVBI4/DwcK40NGEY0nA4LOh3OBzO9KotzSx1kqaplX/VXn0HAACV6DX/t4r2QWV/zSr/uXlx+aS5wozyF2UfMT7XPmw6XPor6irS6WgfQ4mMy2lyfCmf9JmTafM908jG/rguZD46Lfavk2XRcRjpg8lH2f18aJ9EeY2Rabj89HR6ul51GjLcqPrVMvBRpjuj6tD3fZse16PWi27v2kfW5f/I1zgvGafsPnmt7AjVhiTXIXWl649K2oLElb70iZbhZTpzlU2idcTINFxtQ5eH60aHs7w63FV3ur3K6y4ZkvEmKQ7jtibTAQCAVaRmZnFsA6CCNE3p8fFx6bNgAIDnJY5j+vz585NcFgAA4Dl400v8YDU4PDyEcQrAG4LfA3t9fQ3jFACwkmAGFSzEYDCgfr9PNPb7rfI1BAAAAACYBxioAAAAAABgpcASPwAAAAAAWClgoAIAAAAAgJUCBioAAAAAAFgpYKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgviK9Xo9qtZo90jS1n2jlgz+JyO8t5IPvX9Y35WehVqsVPq/Y6/UqvyE+GAye5bOl75E4juf6NO+88afB7avsc6rLJk3TQnt+yXYMAABg9YGB+oocHx/b73pnWUbNZpMuLi7s97KTJLEvwK/X62SMIc/zyBhDvV6PhsNhIb3nxGVoHh8f093dnQ4mUu9JBdXEcWy/ST8L88afRp7n5HmeDn5Wut0uGWPIGENZltFoNCp88x4AAMDHBgZqBTzDWTVL+FT29/eJiOj29taGffv2jYiIbm5ubBiNZ5329vaIxsYhG7KLMs+s1byvy93f37fGN6im3W5TFEU6uJR545fB9V+v1ynLMn35WcmyzM7W1ut1CoJgabPBAAAA3j4wUCs4Pj7WQc+C7/t0fX1tz+v1Ovm+T1dXV4V4Z2dntLOzUwhblMFgUDr7Cd4/r13/xpjC18cuLy+p2+0W4gAAAPi4wEBdAbrd7sRy/Wg0otFoNDGr5PputvTnkz6i7KfIBy+h9no96vf7lGXZxD0S6ffqitNqtSZmYaVfbRWNRmMibZZXzlhrP12GfXU5f/Z3nSdfPmQZyvJzUaZfGsvTaDQKOtRL2FLmh4eHwjUX0+LL67UK/9Rp9S/9oCXab1Smz+noazItXX6G/azZnQUAAAAgAyohIuN5nvE8zxCR8X1fR3kyWZYZIjJRFBljjEmSxIRh6AyTBEFQkCkMQ+N5nr0u74+iyBCRybLMGVfDMiVJYsw4PhFZGXzfn9BHEASFcyIyVU1MxzfjdOX1IAgK12R6+n4uYxm+70/IJ9Oflp+mTL+sKxq3HX3dOPTP7Yuva6bFD8NwQnfzpMf1TaLOZfmSJCmkz2XkeLKsjO/7Ni2Op9uwGccrkxMAAMDHpPzpC4wRD98sy6yR4XrIPhVpPAVBYLIsK4SFYTjxEJ/VQJMGU5mBpNHGmnEYGFI+NnCkjNKIcaGN4CRJrEHkSs8oGWYtP+N5XkF+ef8s+ZUxi36TJClcl+U2DgNWMy2+vm7G5dV1yGj5dF0YpS82ePXhMmZlevqQ9cXxpukXAADAxwNL/DPgeR7V63X6/PkzERHd39/rKE+m2+3SaDSy5/V6nb5+/WqX+a+urpzL+1XI1zwlSaIvV1K2PFzG9+/fddBUeHPM4eEh0djHlpd5y9LzPG9h/e/t7dHJyYk9v7y8pK9fvxItmN+i+p1Xt9Pil11nF4NlkOc5RVFkd97zIf1IJd+/f7dvnJDHxcVFId7t7a3dKAgAAAAwMFBXBDZ+e70ebWxsEBHZDVHn5+fWkJqVNE2tn+GiBsAixk2ZoVfGt2/faDQalb5/U77dgGH9zAvrgX0iG43GhG5mzW8Z+n18fNRBlUyLr9/6QCU+y4tQr9cLG/mm8enTJ8qybGobcvnSAgAAADBQ54CNl93dXaKxobOsV1Dxzv3hcGgN03q9Tp7nUb/fX3j3PhuMLuOF0ZtkSMzo8gYW/tvv953xm80meZ5X2InNs5V6s42EZ1E3NzetXmmcnu/71Ol0rJGTpumEQSh3oh8cHBBV5Nfr9ej09NQ5mzdrfppZ9KvhupbvMj09PSUaz9hqo25afCKiIAio3+9bQz/PcxqNRvaVZVW46lOzu7tLw+HQtgMat4myHxYs8/b2diFcb5Sq0i0AAIAPjF7zB0V837f+ftrPjhwbQ56C9gssCzNiAw/LIP0gaeybKONIH8IkSaxPJMd1IdPk+9lfUKYt/QqlDHzPNFhWFzIfnZb2c5zm86rT4kPWqY5TRZl+eQOTTF+es9+mjDdtU5OZIb72E61KS9a/lk+fsx+rK9xVBxKtCykTy1DmJwsAAODjUjM/GhUAvBppmtLj4+Ozv2ZoMBg4Z+zKwgEAAADwOmCJH7w6h4eHz26cxnFc2CAlw9fX13UwAAAAAF4RGKjgVZAvdWff0eek3W7T9va2zZOP6+vrZzeOAQAAADAfWOIHAAAAAAArBWZQAQAAAADASgEDFQAAAAAArBQwUAEAAAAAwEoBAxUAAAAAAKwUMFABAAAAAMBKAQO1gl6vV3glUZqm1Gq1CmH86cc8zwvhfH+r1VKpgo9Mmqa2La0CrVZr4vOj74XXLlutVpvpM7IaHktWpY0sm0X1onnOvsRp688OrxKNRqPwbFoGcRxPlHtZ9cXo56r8fDIAEhioFRwfH1MYhkRElGUZNZtNuri4oCAIiIgoSRL7Ds16vU7GGPI8j4wx1Ov1aDgcFtIDoNlskjGGms2mvvTitFotGo1GOvhd8Npl4x+p85LnOXmep4PfDYvqxcVz9aU0TWlzc1MHrxStVosODw/JGEO+79Ph4aGOMjdxHFOn09HBZIxZ2pf24jimjY0NMsaQMYbCMKROp7M0Axu8L968gapnLpc5ABKR7Zi3t7c27Nu3b0REdHNzY8NoPLDt7e0RjY1bNmQXBbOvb59er7eyszAXFxfk+74Ofhe8dtkWfb10vV6nLMt08NIZDAavYhQsqpeXpNlsUpIkOvjV0M+BPM9pNBrR58+ficZt/eLiohBnEdrtNkVRpIOXjvyiHz9fHx8fRQwAfuTNG6jScCSiJxuFLnzfp+vra3ter9fJ9326uroqxDs7O6OdnZ1C2KIMBgO6u7vTweANkaYpZtHBypHnOfX7fR0MVhDXc+D79++F87dEu90ulId/JOFrfsDFmzdQr6+v7XKBMYaOj491lCfT7XYnDI3RaESj0WhidqxerxfOSfgzaV8e9vfhg/3ler0e9ft9yrJs4h5S6fGva5kOy8TnaZoW7pH36fTSNHX6BMlPkzYaDRsu7yOVVk34F8my5nlemPnmOHwv5yXzkTQaDRoMBgVfJj0b5JKBhF8i+2/xNZmWzres7CyvLAtfj+PYLhN6nmf17fLx0u1AloWvkSiTnlFhpJw8Q6blkmESKYOuf+nrJtsi67LqXoavyzgsryyP9PGWumYZZB/Rccqokq+sbLpOpC/rYDCgRqNhZeBrsh3oPutC5l0r8Xfka7qceuWI89N9WabBbYJdCDY3NyfSlci60HrnMKknqaOq/sS4xgBdzyTk4D7PyL6k64vR6ZfFK+P79+82rmvMdI1VMn3Z3mT/5HsZlqvRaFAcx5SmKfUcz4Fer1cYV2QZXPU1yzUp18PDQ+Ea15EsB5/LOpZtVz8D+NB9j4jo8PDQutEBMIF5w2RZZojIHkmS6ChLgfOJosgYY0ySJCYMQ2eYJAgCQ0TG931jjDFhGBrP8+x1eX8URYaITJZlzrgudJl93zdBENjzMAxtep7nWfmSJCncWyaThu/jNM04D06HrzNcJqkjfT9f52tEVCiDxvM8G4/T9X2/kK/8X5aV42kZgiCwdWTG97OuwjAs1Kvv+8b3/YK8nB+3E5Zfl5f1ocOk/rldJUlSiM956LrT6DowjjqV+mWdcJjWhed5VlbZD6Qu5b1VbVa3Tw6T/0tde55XSE/fP62PLFo2U9E3uX60Tvl+rheOp8cERsvueZ6VU45rDIlxhK+z7FznnJeWxaj+77qu4TbOyPRlv9Zt3Dj0rPXgOpe6lPUcRVGhL7LOXH3JjMsp5c6yrNDXZPupaq9cLr7OOguCoND3dXumkrFH65zbB6PzkfG0jC6dV9VX1TWdvjceX1lvXE7ZL3SYq+3qvuNqa1mWFdoJAJo3baDKQYoPPWAsC39smJjxwMadi8NCYQwyeqBmeTU8WPHAwGF6YNLoBzY/kBn5EGCkznjQkAPMNHSeOn+dp3wIuAZWOZi5rruQD1ujBkVXmyA1WEuZ+d6yPHnA1ocpkVc+eFzXWT4O8zyv8HA2qq3pNsPyugZ8htQDn4RxY1S70PqQ7U4+iOXB8avudaH1EY0NHHlNoh928+ZXFX9a2eQ9fK2qbwZBMHEvVRioEp23q45lu3HlJdud637ZZ1zXJXxdH7oNcbjr3rL+ZBx6oSkGall6rmuh+kGp09Vl0vczuq2aOfq2PnQbCMYTF5yWceiEcbU1nXdVfVVdM+N8y9qZTFuPJ1qvXF9aNld8JnQ8MwGQvOkl/s+fP9PYyLZO7Xopfll0u93CruB6vU5fv361y/xXV1fO5f0qeGmFxm8EmBfpepDnOXW7XaLxcpFeLuQlpOvr64lNGIeHhzQcDu1STBUHBwc0HA4pz3NK05S2trbsNe0rRUS0sbExkd+ykXp/eHigIAhsu+CjbBfqNH+uLMsoy7KJ9MpYX1/XQZW4dFOv1526nJUgCOj09JRoXO9RFNl2GscxffnyRd/i5PHxkXzfnyj7om40zWaTfN+no6MjorF7Du/Adm2S4HrVy47LYFrZ5u2bur/NAvc3M96JXcXa2pr935UXtzvXtXn5/v27fRuJPORGnP39fesqIF1SpvWneWm32+R5nl3OnuY6sbOzU/CvlW3n7u6OkiSZKNes4/a0vj1t7OEl8a2trYnNSGEYUr/fp1qFS0QZVfVVdW0ZbUXTbDbJ8zw6Pz8nEm2DN3RJ1tfXZ9Y9+Ji8aQNVNu5ms0lZlj3bK1q4g/V6PdrY2CAaD4ZEROfn5/T169dC/GmkaWr9i8qMp2mwY3kcx3R0dETtdtsaJ7e3t1a+PM+p0+lQkiRO46LdbpMRRn7VACmNjLOzswnndr1xjMa+Us8JD7Rra2u0vr5Ol5eXOkopnz59Iqp4sHqeN7ERr4qHh4e5yys34DFVdTCN3d1da5BeX1/bh/z5+Tk9PDzM/FqetbW1pb+qiX/gpGlq+5FE+xLTDIbBIlSVbdG+Oc8Dv9VqWWNmFh4fH8nzPDvmlbXxZTzwP336RFmWVZan1+tZ/8HNzU0bd1p/WoS7uzsyYyO+3+87fRkZ3sA6GAwojuPCptVGozHx5pV5eHh4qPwhUTX2xHFMw+GQjDETYyaNDX5jDEVRRFmWlfqZu6iqr6prjOvH4VM4PT21xvbm5iZFUeRsl8/xwxO8L960gcqzHDxg3d7e2pkjdgqv6pjzwAPfcDi0g169XifP86jf7y+8e58H8qqBs2rWIAgCur6+tg97Nk5OT08nBgUeiLTBxcbQrK9XYSNDc3h4SKPRqCDvycnJxDv6uMwcr9PpVD50XMhXlRwdHZHv+9RsNqndblOWZYWNAHmel+qQ61W/95Dv39vbo06nU2hHepMBzxYQEfX7/YnyUkUdhmFIw+GwUP7hcEgHBweFePPAsxhHR0e0u7tLNC7HyckJ3d/f6+ilcDr6YanLPw/8A2dzc7PQZ9iIlvUQxzF5nld4oMt6YCNyEWN+lrLN0jcZXmHheuS//X6/tO5lWVzGssy30+nYdnVwcDDRxk9PTyc2m3B/j+OYsixzyqLPSfSJ7e3tQjjnNxgMaGtri9rtNu3v71MQBOR5HuV5PrU/lcHGSpqmNBqNaDgcUm+8CYtlnPXVYd1ul05OTuj6+rowBna7Xer3+4UfQYPBoPIZwWNlPn7zQVW/nGXs4bz0j1Juw1WvenLVFU2pr1muyXef8vOT63MRut1uYbbWZZCTeMUUAKXoNf+3hPavkX5Z7G+0TB8Xlz+QK8wofyf2/5KyZmMfVik7/58kScFHrqoM2mfIOHw0jfJ7kv9H400IWrZpsH+TRvthad8jWWbON3L4jpb5xxnhM8txtf51u+Dr0p9U+tMZh3+aLJvMi+U1wt9KXtd6l/foMnIeWv9cdh2u79e6lQRqAwjrRPslclrsRybTZ2QYh896r4skSSZ8KBmZrq5X7Tda1vfMHPLJMBle1jdlujK+UfXF9+j2wOiycHxul7oN6/6g79f56P6uxwQuh75PosuaqU1ixiEHy1nWn2QY5y3T9Mf+19w+ovHGJr4uw13pM1TSP3Sfqiq/LhvnofOWdaPrTbZPqU9ZpmzsVyzvY/RzQMeT45irvua9xulnapMUEZm/+qu/Kpxz/+NzfibIOPKQcD66XQMgqZlZ15gAEPR6Pae7wEvQaDRob2/v1X+Bp+MvzmRZNjFbDcqJ45jW1tZmdjUAALwdBoPBxNic5znd3t6WzqYC4OJNL/GD1yGO48LmKADm4fT0FMYpAO8Q7TLD9Ho9GKdgbjCDCmYiF98ID4Lg1WZP5VsGXlOOWH23OkkSGF0V9Ho967eMGWcA3i+uN8FgfASLAAMVAAAAAACsFFjiBwAAAAAAKwUMVAAAAAAAsFLAQAUAAAAAACsFDFQAAAAAALBSwEAFAAAAAAArBQzUCnq9HtVqNXukaWo/ocoHf9Iwz/NC+HPSaDRKP3v33knT1NbFS/DS+S2LRqNR+OQifxZYw+G1Ws3G1205jmOqLfGzwbVabaH2y3LUarXS9y2+d1gHq4xsO8tqM7r9cr/86O0BgHeN/rQUKMKfxnN9+tL1mbayTy8ui1k+UQg+NtxGyj4nykRRZD+VKD+ZK9v7stsaf/Zw3jSTJLF9iz//6Op/7xn5ic1VxfM8Wy/e+JPET0V/XtWocZbb7DLyAgCsDu9mBlXOriwT/mTb7e2tDfv27RsREd3c3NgwGv+q39vbK4QtAzk7cHd3Z1+Y/xHo9XpLm4VZFqs+WzNrGzk9PaWvX78SEVG73SZjDN3e3pLnefZF+saYic8WPgXXa5fTNJ06o3p2dkbb29tERNRsNskY8yZf/D1LWctot9sURZEOfjV0P0jTlLIss/Vyd3e3lA9p7O/vUxiGhbAsy+yqRr1epyAIVm6cAAA8jXdhoDYaDep0OpQkifMB+FR836fr62t7Xq/Xyfd9urq6KsQ7OzujnZ2dQthTieOYRqORDv4QpGlqvz60Kryn+ri7u9NB9PDwoIOenW63q4MmeC/GxyxlfQtI9xHm8fFRBz0b+gfK5eXlu9EtAGCMnlJ9a/i+/+xLXry0JuElJ730L5FLcnoJipcpabxUGUVR4V6jlrbk/Z7nmTAMC9f1cqe8T6bt+74JgsAuA/M1dlsgIrvs64KX0/iQS21cpizLbPp8Xcoq7ymTX+vOtRQtz2VaUk8cppFpu3TPyPzK6kMirxvRPmU+HBaGYaU+ZXpJkjjzk0i59PIqhxnV9qRsUl8kdM7llsj24qpjnY+sXxJL/FoO2Z+Mo73Je/U16TbA17RM+jofLB+XS+pO6kX2DZ0v12tZ/5H5kaMNa1lccFypWykrX+dysyxl5TWqjeprUh+cj44fjV1FZJirj3NcidStdvuQbczVBhluuwCA94W7x78ReJCWg5x+wC0DHtx5cE2SxA6YOkwir2vDSg/geuBmpAHGcHnlg1E+pGR81lGSJIWHiDasZf7auJHIvKRetNGTZZlTbzrvMAxLH8g6vnyQZ1k28WB3xTHKIOJzRupH40rLVR8a3/cL+YVhWKjvRPwgKdOnGdcLy6XrWCPvYxk5Pj/o9UPcG//QkWhZXQZeEAQThhqno/XDZZL61fXhkkOjy8/pcr1wPYbK6C8zFhmdd5ZlhXw8zyv0DZ2mvl/rRqPjR8q4Yn272qMR+uU8ZLlle9VlknlwPNmHGN/3C2mzLnQ8Vzl1HDOlr3meZ+vP1fZ1G9NpM77vF8YUAMD7wN3j3wg8mMuHkh40l4UcuIMgMFmWFcJYBhfyIc9xqoxAiWvQ1w85OZjLh5Q8OL5+0BvHzA45jBmNNEj5oaINSuMwvnX+WhaJKz35cJXnDLcD+YCX+pqmH820/FyEJUYey+TKy6XPQMx6VhGG4US71+3LlZZuR8YhO4dxmVm/ZW1d68dVH1rfLjk0rnaj245LzjJDj9Hyyn4cOWbmXEZWWV90oeN7ygA2aqzRaHmNqlvXddaLPnS+3viHL+etyypxlVPnXdXXZHuXB4+t5PghK9NmsvHKBgDg/fEufFC/fPlC9XqdPM97Nv/AbrdbSLter9PXr19pNBpRnud0dXVlN5Yw8tUoSZIUrh0eHtJwOFz6xq6HhwcKgoDGPz7sUbbRhX37dHyXfyKJ17scHh7Sj7bGfBwcHNBwOKQ8zylNU9ra2tJRnpV59bMIOzs7hU0cNPZjPjs7IyKi+/t7G16lz2/fvlGWZbaNlL3qSqb33Hz//l0HvQoun9T19fXSa2W0223yPM9uXLq/v7f92OWP++nTJ6Il+ltmWaaDqF6vl/Y/FxsbGzqowP39PYVhONHm2+020diHv1ar0eXlJQVBYO9rNpvk+z5tbm5STbyGbFaq+trj4yP5vj9x7fj4eK42dnt7u9S+CwBYHd6Fgbqsh0UVnz9/JhpvDuAHAm+IOj8/t7uhmTRNqd/vU5ZlzgGUd02z4dpoNHSUhVhfX6fLy0sdXAo/jMuMH83m5iZFUUQXFxf60kzwQ+/o6IjOzs7sQ/KlmFc/i8Cb6M7OziiOY/ry5Qt1u11rmEujvEqf9XrdPrg5bpnxNY9B8xTYQJvHiHguyupR/1CcxuHhIfX7fecPpizLnDpfW1vTQQsjN2Ay84wH9/f39g0HLjY2NiY2dDK9Xo8ajQYZY5x6u7i4IGMMBUFAw+FwrjcQVPW1tbW1qZMJs7Qx148IAMD74E0bqGwg8gCfZZmdAeAX6rseLovARsdwOLT58qxtv98v3b3Pg6x+JRU/gJrN5sTsahmzPBza7TZlWVaY7cjzvPLeIAhoc3OzEFY1W8IPhVmNWg3Pos5DlfzzsIh+yqi6p9vt0uXlJT08PFCz2bSG+Pb2tv2xw5Tps9fr2TA2Ul3s7u5SlmVWHn7dz3A4rKzHReB+MK29cL87OjoiGhvXunyaNE2nxmEODg4m6vH09HTidUSzwLOom5ubhR9M/MNSGn/n5+fk+35hBznPYOd5TsPhkEaj0cQrmDRc1jAMaTgc2g9+EBENh0M6ODgoxNewntLxmy741XcudnZ2aDQaFdprmqY2T/njRhqUaZpa/R4fHxdmVyVl/aCqrzWbTfI8b0JPvV7PXpO78k9OTojGHwGQuH78AwDeCXrN/60hfZmkT5Q/3hBU5iu3CGX+eTqMYRnYt4r/T8QmKz7K5GR/LL5P3sN+YHzOcsh7ZDj7mJHDV1emw3m5kHL7vm/TlGnT2L9Nnms/MX/GjQ0yPZ1mv9+vzFOfs89imX40+v5MbPyiCh0Zx6YPU+K3V6bPcPyWBlkv2mdQImXldLi8su154xepy3Jx2XQdsgwyjNHtRdalTIfvZ13p9KV8WjfGUVcyLV0OTk+HV+mNiaJooo0yMi0to9Q761zHkbjKqnVc1a6Mo10yOh1ZJ1onnL/WL8vH7US2HSmzlME42sOsfU1e47Rc11gOCZeJ8wIAvC9qpmpqBoBnotfrLeUl3gAsg8FgQDs7O85lbgAAAC/Pm17iB2+TOI4nfP0AeE1cmxwBAAC8HjBQwYuQ57ndjX59ff3im6MA0LCfeq1Wc25SAwAA8HpgiR8AAAAAAKwUmEEFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBABQAAAAAAKwUMVAAAAAAAsFLAQAUAAAAAACsFDNQKBoOBfQ1NrVab6/vYZbRarYnPQn4UarVa4bOI/B1wjdQ76ypN06XWw2vRarUmPu/4FOI4nvj846Kwjpf1eeDnQPbHZcnJOpTp6bb6nuFXwMnPrb4l5OvCVr0Msv3yOLesdjwPs/R1PVaxvGVwmrN+rngarn6peWqdDwaDqc+TRceCWeSvYtn6fJPoT0uBSWjGzyVOgz8H+BE/zcefLCz7nCQTRZH9pCJ/TpE/aWhKPiH6UdGfm3wK8lOYs3yC9jXgz2/y/8voR1KHq1puUE4QBIVP5upPqa4Sz9F+F2GRvi4/o+tCpjntU73LgvNb9FnAZVrFNvMa+lxF3K3tDcGVKI9lV+hTOkEQBIVBwPf9VxuYXhuawUD1fX8iDn+THvw4cEn9sIG1DHhQnPWh9Zzo+pY/UpYN63AVyg3m4znG++fgOdqvHgvmYZG+zgZdGZzmc9aHHhfmfTZHUVSIH4bhShqo5oX0ueq86SV+19S553nUbDZ18KuQpikNh0MdDCq4u7vTQXR/f6+DPizdblcHvTsGg8FEO3h8fCycA+Aa/1eV52i/H2EskMRxTKPRSAfPRafT0UFghXnTBurt7S1lWUbjmWAKw5D29vZ0tKUjP9uZpqnTPyWOY9rc3CQaG83a75D9U1w+NI1Go+CnxPR6PesXJK9Jn81Z/GnkwXCZ0jQt+HSRklXew3Jq+RmpJ5eOpI8T+9tkWUb9ft+mW6vVaDgc0mg0oprwSZVps9xMo9Eo6ISvyXJJP2D2Q5Jpaj/hXq9nr2kdz6P/RqNRSJtldcmrqSn96Ac036/b2jzyERF9//7dmRbXEafHaVXVhdRbTbUVTqfVatFgMKA8z6nX61G/36csy2xerVbLPlh0Gcr6ClXUNymdPDw8FK5pn8yqvsHoPsJHWV2yLvnI83xCj3meF8rH9V0byyZlkW1BpzOtb7h83VzyMZy/rNuq/PX4UHVNI8uv/SE9zyMios3NzQkZqKT+ZbkYqQ+ZDpeP25usY47DYwfH1e2MxnK42i/ny3D6sl+QGmc5/dqUsYDRZXPB6euxQY9VLqRObm5u9GWLlGMwGBTqgfPVdSP1MxgMCjrUcpW1RYbbJI2NVK0L2WZl2hwu26mrPlyU1S9VjNXT9Cn16GqXDfUc03X65tBTqm8Z3/fnWrKYFb2MIPPxPK90mcW1jKL9UIMgKCxbeJ5n40t/yyAIDDlcGMIwLOTv+/7EMgij86Lxkjvno9Pn60bIIvPWyyUSHZ+Xhzg91oOW1aVPLXeWZYVlGblE63meLYfE9/2C7CwLy0XCF0kv+er8ZTnm0T/LxnUvZZV6KbvfOPSj/VB1m5tHPr6X9cB1GASBvSbl5zhldaFlkT6CWZZZOXS80LHs5nJlKOsrpqK+jSN9rocsywp9IYqiwjmV9A29FMdtimXTJElSqAOOz3ieZ+XzlUuQSxYZv6o+ZHtjZL1yelXyyfxZ157wp2R9aV0wrrxlPUk8zyuML6TGC52XC13XRi0Th8p9iMfZsrYo2yqXTeqiDN1+5b3yOik3qDAMbdp6HPIcY6VEyy7rSda7bPeyTZHq67oudZn88ZheVh+cp0TrjvPT+jGO/Ixoj7ItVulE58f5sJ5kHnos4Phl9SHR8sv65TDd/nX5tD7DirGcZWX96XK+VYq1/YbRA/My0ZVd9ZCXyMGM0Q8cOYjIQUMeHN/VIeRDRx5VyI7HDV4PUMbR2XX+shyaIAgmrsv8TIkedZ7Gka/s/PIoG6S0kcEHp6kHcllvfK+sQ8m8+pcPCT6v0rFGx9eDmq7HeeRztVfW9bTr+tCDIw+2rGeWU8czjvowjnJW9ZVp9U2OH1okyqVl0zo1qh60bK74kkD82JSHjM9hui/wNak3+aCbVh+6/ej7zQzy6fzlmObq94x+SPOh5eG4ug1oOafpmZHyZmPDUl7T98s+qtui7gP6ehm6jZgZDD5XHImrLiWusjG6HMZRr3qs0rJ46geErh8XOg9SPzpkeXR+Lv3o9PTzVaPj6/rTetFjgZapCh1Xy6/b7zR9ThvLOb68563zppf4Jefn5y+yvE9EdHBwYJecayVLCovw+PhIvu/T+IeDPY6Pj3VUS5ZlBTcHPlzw1P/29jYZY+wS2ax8+/aNRqMRpWlKeZ7TxsaGjmJZlk5c3N/fUxiGE2Vut9s6KtF4ydrzvIn4FxcXOuoE379/10EF5tH/a/BU+dbX13VQgWl1wcusBwcHFIahva9er1MQBHa5TS91TaOqr1TV93O0Sy4rLwPe3t4SEZX6wud5TlEUTcgn40dRREREV1dX4k43nz59sv9Pq49ZmEW+Mqr0+/DwQEEQTKS7v7+vo064XZAo57z+nGEY0sHBAdH4ObGzs0NUISsvk64CrBt+1kxziWBeQv4sy3TQVIIgoNPTU6Jxf4miiEajEeV5TnEc05cvX/QtK8Wi9TEL0/Q5bSxvNpsUBAERkdM94C3ybgzUq6srO/A8N81mk4wxtkHNa+iVsba2NrcTuOd59oE4je3tbQrDcGIDyqywUXF4eFgY6Mt4rkFyY2Njpgc38+nTJ8qybCF5+KFYZqjOo//X4KnyPTw8kO/7OthSVReD8WanMuPm+PiYzNh3fDQaVfpzaar6yiz1Pa+RM40oiqyx3el0KEkSHcVSr9fp+vpaB1vyPKeDgwMyxsykF26bnz59qqyPWZkmXxX1er1U7+vr63R5eamDSymrw7W1NR1Uyf7+PmVZRnEc0/39PdXr9cJ118Ncx3lN2BDxPI86nU6pX7OE5V92O9e4fkhUsbu7aw3S6+trarfb5HkenZ+f08PDg3OcWDUWqY9ZqdLntLGcjeUkSajf7y/VeH4t3oWByoOYHFR45sY1wD2VVqtFeZ5TvV6f+quH0Rs4XDSbTeeGqqoH1N7eHnU6nUI5q+Lzjvg8z2eWXcKzqFdXV5WDeLfbpdFoZDsJ/+33+zPpooqdnR0ajUaFdNI0Le2Q9XqdfN+n7e3tQniVnhi+lze8MXzvvPpfFry5ZRqLyMeDYJ7n1O/37eyTi2l1IduYNJzyPLftfH9/vzC7KilrK1V9paq++ZrczcszOp7nLTRe5HlOp6enhVmNqgft7u4uDYfDQnuN49jW5/b2tv0RmWUZDYfDiTpjmYmIDg8PKQgCqtfrU+tjFqbJVwUbIDJ/vrfdblOWZRObUFx1zDNVsg7Pz8/J9/1K3ZYRhiF1Oh3a2tqyYfyDu9/v27LleU6j0Yi+fftm48k2fHh4SPSEtjIvg8HA1sPd3Z1zMqRsLOAVinn6/jyw7jj9s7MzovGmNZc8JPrt0dER7e7uEo3HqJOTk7ne1uJqM/MQx/FC9TdLfSzKNH1WjeVpmtL19TUdHx9Ts9m0P5jn6fcriV7zf4uEynnYCJ836WMzL+xDwgf7qrDfyiz+HhyHfar4nH1lZPr6HhnO5ZFyMDod6ccikT5gnucV/AL1/fJc+/QE400z05D6Yxm5nmR5/PGGFpknjetOh3HZdHzpX8iHlluXM8syp+7kOZdTysv3Mq40XMj89T3B2PeUz3UdM3yfP35frM5Xn8t7dLgLrVcup05b1r++R/qUyXAph9a9yw+M42ndy3qV4aSGM1d9u66xHJnaJEVE5l/9q39VONd64L4gw/goq0Pj0CeXic/L+gnHkbqT+jYV9eHKT8flenXJp3Wjx0HOR6cp60unUaUjo2SW5dRtf1o6ZlznLnT/0M8MeY3z1e2XKh6lrvar5dfnLEMYhoV85HNOjgVlaBmTJJmoW32u69UlLyPLxnlNezYE6oMK2hfTOOpXxqMZZC7TCcsbjH2lZRo6zR9++GHielV9SLT8+lznxWPyNH26ZJb9jePKOGUyvgVq5sfCADAzvV6v0i8WgI9Enud0e3s74efJs0iLzPhVUavVKIqiifxAOXme0/n5udPfFQCwmryLJX7wcqRpWrk5CoCPhnYlYA4PD5dunILFODo6muozDwBYLWCggpngXYuHh4eYhQBAcHl5aTdIyWPZqwy5etn4U/3w3juxeIH51tZWpc88AGD1wBI/AAAAAABYKTCDCgAAAAAAVgoYqAAAAAAAYKWAgQoAAAAAAFYKGKgAAAAAAGClgIH6BHq93sSXbCS861Z+zaHRaFR+zaPX61Gj0bDncidqrVarvBcAAAAA4D0AA3VBer0eDYdDHVygXq+TMca+ULvRaFR+XlSnqT+hmCQJDYdDvF4GAAAAAO8aGKgLcnx8TEEQ6OBKpn2715XmaDSy395tNpvk+/5c3ywGAAAAAHhrwEBdYXgGVr5gejQa0e7ubiEeAAAAAMB7AgbqDDQajUof0DRN7XW5/M7h/E3uMlqtFtVqtYLvqYvBYEC+7+PziQAAAAB418BAnUKj0aC9vb2CD6g0OEejER0eHpIxhsIwpJOTE6Kxcbq5uSlSctNqtexM6eXlZaVf68nJCV1cXOhgAAAAAIB3BQzUCnj3PX97vtlskjGmMIPp+741GtfX1+0mqGazSUmS2Hgu0jSl0Whkv9ldr9cnfFCZNE3p8PBQBwMAAAAAvDtgoFbw8PCgg5bK4+OjDirl8fHRvg0AAAAAAOA9AwO1Ajkj+pzwLv0qnttYBgAAAABYFWCgVsAzlvJl/HmeL+09pJy+3Hg1HA4py7KJDVPsZgAAAAAA8N6pGWOMDgRFarWa/d/zPLq7u6NWq0Wj0ciG7e3tUb/ft/F++OEH+vnPf27PkyShbrdrZ2SDIKDj42PK87zwbtQgCOjy8pLu7u5sWBzH1Ol0KAxDGKoAAAAAePfAQAUAAAAAACsFlvgBAAAAAMBKAQMVAAAAAACsFDBQAQAAAADASgEDFQAAAAAArBQwUAEAAAAAwEoBAxUAAAAAAKwUMFABAAAAAMBKAQMVAAAAAACsFDBQp9BqtQqfIp2HRqNBtVrNHvrzpZLBYFD4YtVgMKiMPw9xHBfSBtWwvvI815deFd1GwI80Go3Kzw/r+szznGq1GsVxrKNaGo1GZb+fdv9r0+v17LhTpZt5mEVvrVar8Gnol6TX6y1tzAQAvD4wUCuQnzNdhLu7O4qiiIiIsiwrfL5Us7+/T/xRr8FgUPhs6lPgz6SC2Wm322SMoXq9ri+9GstsE++JRqNhPx9chqxP/WlhF9PSXPUfCWyQGmMoDMOltJtZ9EZEdHFxQRcXFzr42en1ejQcDnUwAOANAwO1gouLC/J9Xwc/O/v7+xSGoQ5eiHa7bY1k4Oa1ZnzmYZlt4j1xd3c3k+HE1Ov1SuOTZkhzlb4O3ev1Jmb6T05OaGtri0j98H0Ks+jtNTk+PqYgCHQwAOANAwMVfGjiOH7SLDkAr0Waps5Zw1U2JAEAYFZgoM6I9OlK01RffjJV/lPs+6X9WKVMs84ClsVnPz1dRvZ7ZF+2NE0nZJFhLthHUKaV53khT+knJ8sr8yHlT8vXuSwufci09EzTYDCw7g+1Ws36HGpfT1eeHFf6GUt0GWSbYTl7vV6lnyOpMrmQ111xWq3WhMyk6ixNU6df4az6nKXtkCNPeS/H1e2S0fp0ySvzk/rW9VkG3zutTiRl9S/LVBO6KqsPrcNpdRXHMW1ubhIRked51Gq1Cu200+nY+FRSl4yUU49BMu/z8/PCNRfad9fV96vGT92eXfUsYX1quUmVqybGGFlnHMa6c6UDAHglDKjE931DRCaKImOMMUEQGCIyWZbpqE6iKJoan9P0PM+GhWFoz8MwNEEQiDt+vIdlMsYYz/Mm4jAsA1d3kiQFmaIomsibiEySJIX4EqkTM5bHhed5Nu8wDAthfA/nx/i+b69lWWbzkuXQZWFZOY4kCIJS/ev4LAuHufKUYZwuifJlWVbQp2wDSZLYsum8NUEQGN/37bmUga9LvXNbleesF6NklPKRqkuJS0apz2ltR9/P9ZkkSUGPLJcLeY9xtBduT5yGbD+6Po1qU4w8Z7nK2rQRdcF68DzP6oGvSb2YKfXhyl+mLe/heLofu+KYKWNFGIYF3fu+b9ucTj8Yj1NlbUX3a1ffl+lrXPlpHUpc4wTHn9ZmdN8y4/QAAKtD+dMRGKMGQUYOuNPQD5sy9GAcjg3UIAicefHAL4+ywbzKSDDjB4l+6OgHCTke6PK6S0bG87zCdf1w0PIx/MCSeeu4uiymJL8ydHrG8TDTcablKY0ieURRNGFQl8F5yHYj5XJdN6Jt8nV9sN6lkTKNKn1OazvTdKevuwiUIa5xyafbpksGljsMwwnjZJp+5P3G8UNJX59WH4xsO1y3ZbJog47Rees8SYwVnjAi5WHG9Sj1qvXmQss6rW7K8Mc/tsrGNC67RI+hMlyWyzjaYTL+wQQAWB2wxL8AVRsolkmWZTQcDunk5KQQzsuF4x8Y9qh6S0AVLp+1er1eSC8IAjo9PSUaL4dFUUSj0cgu1X/58kXc/TR4WfHw8JB+fL7Ox+Hhod25HMcx7e7u6ijPyv39PYVhOFE/7Xabms0m+b5Pm5ubVKtYTv7+/bsOKlB23fM8ur+/p+/fv5PneRMy8A7rw8NDGg6Hdqmziip9ztJ2nop2zVg29/f3OmhuPn36pIMKTKsP6YaQJEnh3nnqSjNtrMiyjLIsm7hO481iLw0v2R8cHFRuCnx8fNRBE7C7wNbW1sRG0Xq9TkEQ0OHhIRERnZ2dUbvdLsQBALwuMFAXIMuypRhkZcYJww80UnH59UdVvlzzcn19rYMK/li7u7vWIL2+vqZ2u02e59H5+Tk9PDxQs9ks3PsUNjc3KYqihV9Xw7INBgO6vr5eqmyzsLGxQVdXVzrYcnFxQcYYCoKAhsNhwf9WU2aIMre3tzqINjY26NOnT5RlWalxx69eYmOoyvdumj6ntZ2nwq+Hek6eaoxxPWndMFX1kaYp9ft9yrKM9vf39eW56kozbazwPM/ZhphlGO+zMhgM6O7ujowxpXrUuPRJ4x9Sw+GQzPiHoYtv377RaDQq1Q0A4HWBgToDl5eX9v9er0e+7888gJZRZZRoLi8vJwyZIAjsJglmmsFbRhiGNBwOCxsShsMhHRwc2PNms0me59HR0ZGdQdvb26OTk5NneYg9PDwQVTxYp8GzfhsbG/pSKfPUSRU7Ozs0Go0K6fHmljRNbT1VvRqH9d3tdm0Yz6TXajU7E9vpdOxDOk1Ta+TU63XyfZ+2t7ft/STaCBs5zWZzYsbORZk+Z2k7JAyJo6MjovGPkFnrln8cSX2yLpfB7u4uZVlm02c9DofDyj4lDfNut1s54zetPkgYuTc3NyLGbHVV1Xarxoq9vb1CG9LXhsOh1TNvkup0OlM3Ly2KnJGv+pHHRqfU33A4pCzLCgY8l8v1I4pnUTc3N198lQUAMAN6zR9Mwv5Q5Ng44YnNEZoy/y4+2OdJ+kixD5eMp/3X2G9KyiXDJdofkn3+5Lkrnist7eOl/bhcyDTZ/4zP2T9NxsmyrBDm+36pHsvKwpTVi0TqNkmSCXn0uStPec7tg33k+GC/u2S8SUqHl6HTJtVldRvQaN2xv6Iul/ZjdFGmT52Wbg9SBo7r0nWVDFqfrGcdNkv7kufcZmQ9cpvTfV3jSkenL/0vTUV96DGG/5+mJ5m/bosk2oNuJ7KO9Hgj+5G8xv/rfsbIsuk0XXXjQt/D/7vQutbjU5k8Un9Zlk3tgwCA16FmeA0ZgHdGr9ej4+NjHQwWBPoE7400Tenx8bHUDQAA8HrAQAXvksFgQF++fHmyKwb4EegTvEdardbCvu4AgOcFPqjg3SBfKk4VG1bAbECf4D3Cb0zgtwUAAFYTzKACAAAAAICVAjOoAAAAAABgpYCBCgAAAAAAVgoYqAAAAAAAYKWAgQoAAAAAAFYKGKgAAAAAAGCleBcGaqvVsq8NabVa+vLCNBoNmy6/akee12o1+ym9OI4nZGg0GpWfIOR7OI08z6lWqy38GcGn3PsS9Ho9q6MqvcyDS2etVmup7eCtwe2qikajUfhMJL96pwzdVl0ss15fmsFgMNc37meFX9VVpbdl8pQ66PV6z6KDZcLtcBmfuX3J8vK4xwcAYAb0p6XeGvrzdkEQTP1E4TzwZw8l/Ak9DX/GUsbRnzosQ362r+xTglU85d6XIAxDqxv+dONTearO3iPyc5ezIj+l6UKmWfU50rcKl1/386ciP8/6EnrjvGYdcyT8KdBl62BVecny+r5fqH+v4vPYAIB/4M3PoF5eXtLe3p4939raWupsxcHBAWVZVkjz8PCQaDw7Irm5uaHd3V0iIrq7uyPP8wrXq6jX65RlmQ6emVV6ne1gMJjQzcnJCW1tbRER0f7+/lLkfarO3iPtdpuiKNLBlezv71MYhjrYskiab4lp5V+UZrNJSZLo4GfjKX3q+PiYgiDQwe+Wly7v+fm5/f/w8BDjFgAz8OYN1EajQVdXV4Wwer1eOH8K/PWc29tbG8bfbb65ubFhRERXV1cf/ms7eZ5Tv9/XwRiQAQAfkouLC9rf37fn19fXL2ocA/BWefMG6sHBAY1GI+r1epTnOZ2entLx8bGO9iSCIKDT01N7zrODJycnNizPc/r69as9l8hP68mZxWl+fyR8LF33lyF9ZyXsn8bXeFZY+vBKv0T5qcua8u+VcqVpamdNedZ4c3OTGo1GwR+y0+kUyiBl0b5g0qeX72ekXHJmgtH+la1Wi3q9XiFN7asr8+JDpuGKx2lwOaR+pE5l2bhuOG32y5VxWF6Oq2VlpP5qJe2Ir2mf3NoMvooy/YeHB325QJkvMOfj0iWtmD5JteuyNGU74j4k22SaphN5fP/+3V531YU8GJYlTdNC+SVS3mn1SQ6/+rLVJpkf928+Z73oepL38H1l4xfrVOu41+uVthUSepbjYNVYMWt5GZZDp8Vl47JKfTAsB497rrE6z3MaDof07ds3fQkAoNFr/m8R9pF7Lr8eTp/9iMIwtH5rMixJksJ92g/V9/0JP0xZBexTyf6UWZYVyqTl0HB6fF36OvE1rSPf9wtyS3k9z7P/sz8dx5V+VTIel0HrQpbLCB0yvu8b3/eNGZdT+hFLP2OWg/NmXzJOm3XO9/u+b8vOYdpv2fM8e43lr/Ljk/Uow+T/8n7tc6bvD8PQXpfyltWzUfcYVQbth6p1xtekjNwe5blOv0wm1pmshyiKbPo6LY3WB4fJ/19CnyT6B+tQXpd5ap3Ka1IPHI+vs65kW5Rl5XqROiXRn/i6TIuvcRnK2q4ug2wzxtEvwjAsyKbLbMb3GIe+ZH82aowwY9n5Xum7r9ORSJ9eLnPVWDFveQO1f4Hbjrwuy6Rl1XWsx0AzlkmOgwCActwjwRvDHxtLPHg9B3Lg50FKhukHrHEMynqA4wcKw2XgAYyv66NsgNPXtFGpr+uHIB9SRqMMHmmg6nimYnDWeXtjg0cfRhkV8siybMJY0TrjtPWDRp7rB5e+X8fX6Ad1FEW2vHxNomXU6Wt59HUX5NAxox+crjqhKQaqjs9pSuNEoss4Lb5kFfSp79EyTbuu21xZPOPQtVF9kevFVW9yTNEGlXHUaxmcl7w/UAablp3POf0kSZxtkPt2lTEXjo1w4xinqtBxq8YKybTysq5d90l9V5VJxi1D1xcAoJw3v8Tf6/Xo69evVK/XyRhDvu9PLBcvgyAI6OrqqrCU7/s+nZycTF02WpT7+3sKw5DGPyTswT6w0/j06ZMOKvD9+3fyPG8i/YuLCyKxZHV9fT3hQ8quFbMunWmyLKMsyybypvEGsyRJJq7V63W6u7vTST0Z7cIxGo3shi4XzWaTfN+no6MjorFPGfsePz4+qtj/4BM9bZl8VubV9bwsI/12u02e55HneVSbsvz82vpcBoeHhzQcDieWfV2sr6/b/3kJfHt7m4wxc22sXKSeWD4zHiuraDab5HmedaO5ubmhMAyta9PZ2VnB556X0y8vLyd8LLk9cDu4v7+39cj1v7m5SbUS15oyqsYKmqO8379/10FEROR5Ht3f3+tgJ2EYUr/ft8v8mjzP7SZaAMB03ryBOhwOCwP+8fHxxK77ZbC1tUWj0YiOjo7oy5cvRETU7XYpyzI6Pz9/loFnY2NjYgPYPPCgW7Zx69OnT6W6yvOcOp0OJUni9OltNptkjLGG6zwPVhrHlxvPJI1GY2IDmmTWB8asHB8fF4ztIAim/gg4ODig4XBIaZrSxsaGvuz0P5Pt9Cnww9dlvC2Tp6Z/d3dnDYN+vz/hlyl5TX0ug3a7TcYYu2vfZaAwDw8P1lja3t6mMAwX/uHl6rtltFotCoLA/hCchb29vcKP8J2dHcqybKKe2MdXGoeaw8ND6vf7lKbpxA/Ai4sLMsZQEAQ0HA4rf9BIqsaKRcrrGpNc7dEFv50kiiLKsmzC1/j29nbqpAEA4B948waq7/t0cHBgz29vb8nzvNJBclHYYLm8vLQG3+fPn4nGm6XKjMCnsLOzQ6PRqDBYuzZgSK6vr+3/3W638vU59XqdfN+n7e3tQricwWAjRQ/crVaL8jyvfNVT1UNmb2+POp1O4QHL+Xa7XfsgYwaDAeV5Tnt7e9aQIfH6lk6nU6mXKlqtVmE212WQa+Ssz87Ojg3nmaLNzU0bFscxeZ5XMHplufv9PmVZVmnUaIIgKNXfU+F20el0bBjPMHueN5NRFMexrf+Li4vK2StaAX3Ogmzn/Ko51gfnVfZqKe4/+fgtF3LM4h9ceZ6X9iUX3W6XRqORbff8t9/vl/Y9qafRaFS45oIN0qOjI9rf37dto9vtTvxAkEb25eVl4RqpupR1l6apbbvzvv6paqygOcrL7U/2qTRNKcuywg58WUauQ54x5zZQ9lq2dru99OcSAO8aveb/FpH+jNKHiq/psEVx+bK5wsyPP9kLfk/SV4r9yGQc6YNGjk0WfLj8PiWuNHTa2k9K6o9lMWIDEo3LINNlnzwO035ynA/7acmDkWlyuozWj5TZJRffK2ViHzM+57rSsujy8zHNJy4Rmzs0VW1S16n0b9TyVqHLkiTJhN60/vV5KDb88cFoXZLDR8842lcURSYab16R90/jtfSp9ah1xO1A50HKR1Vel3rS8slrMi/P8+w4oduklon1JPPlcuj+zWg5OL7uF1q/nvKv1b6XxtEGOD2dFo8dEq53vresnozDB9U4dM/pL1Je7dMq0WXkfBndjjQ6LwBANTUzz/oHAO+QwWBQmCWZFs7EcUxra2vPMnv+EYE+3z+DwYB2dnYWnklM05Q2Nzcpy7KF0wAAvA3e/BI/AE9hMBg4/XwHg4H1NS7j9PQUxtQSgT7fP1dXV082LJ/DhQsAsHrAQAUfGp4h5Q1Sche2y1iSL/KexVcVVAN9vn/kC/z5DSHzwC/nr9VqtLm5ufCGMgDA2wJL/AAAAAAAYKXADCoAAAAAAFgpYKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgAgAAAACAlQIGKgAAAAAAWCnehYEqX2NS9om/p6DT158bjeOYarXaTJ+ABM9Ho9GorP9F66nX6018V3sWarXawp9fXRaLyv6eyPOcarVa4XOY74nnGveeC66PZfeN50hzVXiJsrVarcrPJfPrvt5rP5r2/HhpXqLOV503b6C2Wi2q1+v2O+pV36FehF6vR3d3dzZ9Iip8F5zG31g2xuDl0a9Io9GY+h3zReqp1+vRcDjUwVOpjd+l+posKvt7Is9z8jxPB78rjDGVXzxbJZ6rPlahvz0XL1G2VqtFo9FIBxdoNptkjHG+H/qtM8vz4yV5iTp/C7xpAzXPcxqNRoUXfEdRRP1+vxDvKQyHQzo8PLTn+/v7FEVRIQ54fe7u7pb24ONZciKi4+NjCoJAR5nKKrxeeFHZ3xP1en2lHjxPJY7jNz2r8lz18dT+lqbpUic2nopc9Xhq2cro9Xp2Neni4oJ839dRPgzLfH4sg+eq87fGmzZQb29vdRB9/vyZaDzgLAPP8+jg4KAQ1m63qd1uF8LA+yDP86X+wAFgmXQ6HR0ElkC329VBr8ZgMHj2r2WlafrhV1fA6vOmDVRmWcaoi8PDQ8qyrNLPazAYFKbk2deRxCc0tR8g38OHhO93XdNI/1j2H5KfBmR0fvzLmT812Wg0iFTes/hqyjS1HDpP1p9LZpkv44o3C/I+WYayepJy8q/ozc1NqxNG6rWsLbiQn/PUOuVwWUb20auJemk0GjaM2zuHzTKjVia7bmssg0v3T60jmQ/LzLqX/UOmKeuAy8v56LY7C650SemnpupJ1kdN+eCx35psQ7OMR1X5yfJzeiwDjY1U/t/lz8nnZe1O581HVTvSOpD64/TyPLd1VKXf8/PzwjUXUnaeNeZzbiscpvMqK7dLrzTWV5Zl1O/3J+7RlI1pJPy9OR++pvtYFb1ej/r9fukzp6xsun6q2mAcx9ZNzfO8iWeTlFe2CQ7nfPmcKp5zUl55lCHHOa0/Wc86XYZ1z3LI+pqVsr6s82TduMI4rtSHK94sSJ1IptV5WX6LjlmvgnnjEJHxfd+eJ0liiMgkSVKI9xSyLDNEZI8oiuy1MAxtuDHGRFFUiGscMoVhaDzPs2l4nmeCILD38//GGBMEQSGuC52eMaagkzAMC+dBEBgiMlmW2evyfpaXr5ch5WYdhWFYOJdlls0tSZIJmWWd+b5fOJdpl+F5XiFP3/dtnlX1JNPVchuhL9ah1lcZnD63F8/zCnnJfDhfWfee5xXaWhAEhXqMomhqO58mu5SPdcL1/hx15Pt+oYwcJv+XaXieV5BB36/L40L2X0bqJEmSif7CcbMsK6QvdcTtTZbb9/1CWi6q8uP0GZ2erC9ZLg7jcxnm6qe6zqe1I6l3mQaPFXxkWTaRhx5PuE3Ktu0iiqKC7sv6JuMqN9fLNL3qvulC5y/rjcuk5YuWNJ5Xla2qjZah68SI8ZLlleMNp8n3yHPWAafp0g+nr8vlQo9zRo0RQRAUdMpyy+syvq77Mrg/y77M+Wh96XoMw7Agk1Fjpcxf66kMqW+jxsJpdV6W36Jj1msxvdZWHDlIy+M5kJ1SDma6I+oOoQc2+b+GO5s+qgYb43hwSflc+cmHlh4QdWcsQ+ZpHMYDIwdvied5hTyk/Lr8pH6IuNAPGU6H051WT8ZRV+YJA16VfkL1o8E4BhmdL+uRr097oBpHGmWys25k+uYZ6ki3rUgY2XxNoutQtzHddl246lTqWrZPeSRJUtCLPFge3ea0vl1U5Sfhh4lMT+ZtHPpxxal60LriV8H3y3umpemrHx0umV3oeuNzLks2NpQYnaZuK4xLr7oep+Ea01x17y8wnrvadFXZprVRF6460/rScsg+I88ZXV9aHzp+GTqdJElsWfia1h+JZ/Ki+eo2oNNhuE6lbjJlMGZZZuXn/PUxrb3pOuQ6mzYuTctv1nKuAm9+iV/u4DfGkOd5FIahjrYwctmSd4F7nkcnJyeFeLNStXxEY2ftJEkKZTIz7DwPw9D6yp6fn9POzg5RRX6NRqP02qwEQUCnp6f2fDQa0dbWlj3nZY6trS3nxrK9vT06OjoiGi/jsP/w9+/fyfO8CR1cXFyoFKqZprPX5P7+XgfR2toa0bj8RES7u7s0Go1sPW1sbJDneXaJ1JXGvEi3hyRJ9OWl11Gz2STf922a19fXdlfw4+Ojiv0Pdfjw8KAvPQnWNY37SBRFE2VpNpt0f39PYRhOXHuKD3pVfiSW9C4vL5e+ya3ZbBbaEC/tcb2WwUv0h4eHZIzRlytZ1J+yXq+T7/t0dnZGNB7XoiiyvpPn5+dT5ZYsQ6/TxjTNouP5PDxHG10Gevy6vr6eaSNWvV6nIAjs5uSzszNbFh4bNZ7nLWU8rILdBw4ODiZsjHq9To1Gwy6ln5+f2/788PBAQRBM1M+8b9749OmT/b+qzpeV3yrw5g1UCfusLLMiLi8vdZD1S10EHphcD2MaD6I3Nzc6eCr7+/uUZRnFcUz39/cTA6ArTR1nXo6Pj2k0Glk/liAI7EASxzENh8PKgXJnZ4eGwyHleU4PDw9Wnk+fPlGWZU82oPn+eR5iL0nZa114IJLGxGAwoJ2dHdrb26OTkxNK05R2d3f1rXORpqn1dyvrM89RRwcHBzQcDilNU9rY2NCXnf5Q6+vrOuhJPD4+kud5VK/XqV6v0/X1tY5CNP5RcHV1pYOfRFV+vV6PGo0GmSUbMZLT01Prb7m5uUlRFE3Ni+NN+wFSxqLGQ7fbtQbp/f19YXyhOcawZeh1ljFNs+h4Pg/P0UaXQbPZpCAIyPM8qtVqNBwOZ24/3759o9Fo5BwLqGSDtGssWRaD8cY1U/GarW63O7GhmsZjl8uOmBc2zpvNZmWdLyu/VeDdGKiNRoP6/f7Cv9ar0E74BwcHC/8Cp/HMY6fTKTzceaa22+1Sv98vdMzBYDCTIRCGIXU6ncIsJv8alWnm49dzffv2zcaTBjf/cvU8rzLfVqtFWZbZX2jydV+M/PWsqY9nSHq9XsEA4fDt7e1CfDmbXYbstL1ej4IgWPiBpDcoLBPWvXSiPzs7m5B3b2/Plqler9POzg5lWUbdbrd0oJwXHvhcD9LnqCOeRd3c3LQz/TReofA8r/Ce4TiOyfO8gkEg2yQb2LqPupDl63Q6tp3v7u7ScDic2BCSpint7OzQaDQqtIVUfahjXqryIzXjWPagieO4sm9W0e12J2ZdZoFnscuMhjL29vbsDxIazy7RuA6m6ZFl6/V6ts8EQeA0BKYxi17TNJ1avqoxTfOU8ZxmHIOe2kZnyWMR4jimjY2NQlubFX5ubW5uFn6I89ghn59pmk78yJZ1zW2FV4oWRT4jXcZhu92mLMuo1WpNjGtZlhXGxjzPZ9K7bGPdbtfO3FbV+VPyWzn0mv9bgv1Rqvw5PLXJYl7CMCzkQ2oji/YF0efaH4R9SrQfmvQ/02mUlc1FWVl1fi4fHpmfK46Gfbn0wWWR12X+Mt0q/yCd/jR5jLpH6s2l07K0OY1w7CfKcdh3p+w+RreXcOzLxefs76PjufzlpN8Ro33FyphFdhlH1pHMb9l1ZMblKiuDTFO3Z+kDSUK309C6luUzDj8xKZvOk+tPx9f6rqIsPy0n1wmnx3kEQTAR96/+6q8K5652p++RRxWy7fjjzS40lkumocvFfVC2Lf5f+tdV4atNHNp/UpdplnJrvfL5NF88ma4sU1Wb1f1u2ngu29t/+S//ZeJeXTZ9jwyvguNG481o8l79vND12u/3K69HUTRRbj7K+r2GxycXsq9Rid86HyxHFVo+V1/WcVx5870aLZNuI2XIe3R/qarzsvxkWFk5V4mamednDVhp8jyn8/Pz0uXaZTMYDJx5lYUDwMRxTGtra0ubBQaz4+qfeZ7T7e3tzLOpAEwjHvus6xUsV/tzkaYpPT4+ok1+YN7NEj8gOjo6KiwtPCeDwcC5zDEYDOjLly86GIACp6enME5fAf2eSqbX68EQAEsjz3PnRyXyPJ/ZH/nw8BBt8oMDA/WNE4uXKm9tbU38Wn0u+Bcw580Hjf2EANDwDuhareb0VwbPz8XFhd0gJY9FfDoBKKNer1MURXaDFB/b29uVfX8gXh6PNgmwxA8AAAAAAFYKzKACAAAAAICVAgYqAAAAAABYKWCgAgAAAACAlQIGKgAAAAAAWClgoAIAAAAAgJUCBuoLwt+DXhZpmhZe4VH2jkMAAAAAgLcEXjP1hmk0Gvabw3mek+d5FARB5XvmAAAAAABWHcygPiPPPaOZZRmlaUo0fjFyEASU57mOBgAAAADwpoCB+kwMBgM7u/lcGGMKX226vLykbrdbiAMAAAAA8NaAgToDjUbD+nkOBgMbLj8zWqvVqNfrEY19Tfv9PmVZVrin1WoVZlV7vR61Wq2CL6lMn1TeVb6mcRwTEeHbxQAAAAB4+xhQied5JssyY4wxWZYZIjJRFBnzo++u/T+KIkNENm4YhsbzPJuO7/uGiIzv+8YYY4IgMERUCAvD0Mgq8X3fXjPj/IIgsOcS3/dt3gAAAAAAbxnMoFaQpillWUae51GtViPP84iI6Pr6mmi8xN5ut2kwGFCn01F3F7m4uCDf9+358fExBUFAvu/TxcUFERGtr6+LO4ju7u7o69ev9rzMxzTPc/r69SvV63V9CQAAAADgzQEDtYLHx0fyfZ+MMYWDd8kPBgOq1WpERJQkibr76ezt7dHJyYk9v7y8LBiszO3tLe3v7+tgAAAAAIA3CQzUCtbW1mg0GulgovHsKvuZPpdxyOmy72mj0XDm9fDwoIMAAAAAAN4sMFAraDab5HnexKYk3gxFRPT9+3ciIrq5uRExiuiNT7PS6/Xo9PTUztyyK4DGZbQCAAAAALxV8KL+GeBlfIZV1mq17AxrEAQ0HA6JxHL/5uYm0fh9pb1ez8ZlX1Q+9zyP9vb2qN/vE6PvkURRZHfrp2lKm5ubeEE/AAAAAN4NMFBXmMFg4JwdLQsHAAAAAHgPYIl/RYnjuLBBSobr3f4AAAAAAO8JGKgrSrvdpu3t7YmX9F9fX+Nl/AAAAAB412CJHwAAAAAArBSYQQUAAAAAACsFDFQAAAAAALBSwEAFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBABQAAAAAAK8W7MVBbrRY1Gg0dTDR+dyi/pimOY325lEajUXjFE3/iNM/zidc/pWmqbwevTK/XK20THw1us1Xtv9frTXzWdx7SNKVarUZ5nutLllartVAes8g/jVqttvBnh59Co9GozJfHJ9bbLGVtNBqFTy5/ZJati2npDQYDjCszwOPBqj0bp/WtwWBANfH1yFn6ox5bWq0W7INlYN44WZYZIjJEZDzP05dNFEWFcM/zTBRFhThVRFFkiMhkWaYvmSAIjO/7OhiAN0cQBIaIFm7PSZLYfujqK68NyxaGob70rHieN1e+cjwrG6c4zSAI9KUPx0vrIgzD0mcNWH2m9S3NLP1Rjy1hGBbi8ti6iuPiqvPmZ1Dr9ToZYygIAn2JiIgODg7o8PDQnh8eHtLBwUEhDngfLDIz95EZDAb2l/3x8XFpH6qCdd5sNilJEn15ZXit1z3f3d2R53k6uJR6vU5ZlungAvOm+Z55CV3EcWxnz/b39ykMQx0FvBHmHQdm6Y+uNE9PT+3/3759IyKi79+/ixhgFt68gVpFnueUZRl9/vzZhn3+/JmyLKtchgRvj6olOTBJnufU7/d18FxA5+Aj0Ol0dBAApezv79PFxYU9v729Jc/zqNlsFuKB6bxrA/X29pZo/CtI81y/Ztjvhg/+5S39YHu93oQfKynfVpcBLdPgdBj2i+r1eoVr+h4XZXHYB5fLoGVmnxtZZp6R03H4XvbvKZOFlO+v9OvRcnIZW60WDYdDGo1GBXm1vyP7WEp5tW+g9juu1WqlM7OzpMf1wQcjfZTSNC3ohcvFYTp/mR9fk3lw25HpS3+wNE3trNPm5uaEP11VeZgynTOsR5229u+TZRwMBs52Tw5/Nm5PaZoWdCmR7dVVDt1X8zyfaON5nhfaRJl8+j6tDxJlrSmfNA6fBt87yw+DafLIMun2xT6zUt48zwv9T+pzMB57pD6ljFrPMj9OU7d1Lb/UF82oC5kGt0NZbk5Tj3MsD99PYyOV/2dk+mVyyLbJcaQ+GKnrmmhnPH6w/LIOOA7rX4/9EtlfpA70dSkHI+ViHbnGaL5Xyyr7jG4LnJ4ul9StbLsclqaps5yMzke3H1Jjs5SxN8PeBSmfa2yR6FVcMAd6zf+tEgTBhF8Q+49K2KckSZJCeBmcRtkhffbYD0/fy/4onLf0RfE8r+CfVuVLJdOSvrHsFyWvcxyZnktHjEsvURSVys5lZdld93PZpB/PNB9Hz/NsHnwfy1BWfuPwB/Z9v5Af+wHJMNabvEemQRW+bbOkFwRB4X6WiQnD0Nl+ZPsoy9+M5ZP69n2/EJ91L/1DOb6rvrQfahiGpe3FOHSu/VB1HtpfMMsye7+r7IyWX7YnmT5VtEeuG76eJElBdl13nufZsmu9asryYrQfqkxP9l1Gt3tT0vbLZJpFHp0264JllfLqepPpSfk5DT3uyTGO6zJJEhtP5mXG8st2p/v6PLowjvLqdhtFUaENaXlkfsbhh8oylOHqR7rtyXPuh1xefb/sK1L/UkaJ7i9Sj77vF65LOTgOI+vOjMut48trOj++n9HtxDUGyOtBENj0q/qkTidQzz2Wy9U+Wfcyvu6PZf1LthkmSZJSOcF0ynvVG0M3QlMycOjGNQ09OEr0QOf7/kQj1XLJzsDn8rq+34UclMoGMSMMIn24ymIc5ZEdK1DGllEPKpdeZVld1zU8sOijLF9ZFi27cRicOo5uH7pudHyNvi7T4/JqXZMykmQcPpfXq/SlB2mub0aWhdPm9Fz1UVUeFzq+Lo9xPNw9z7My64G/ilnk1w8a3W6kbgPxA0MeMj0Om9YnXXlJprUr2Y+MQy+hMmCM0qOmSp5IbRo1Dt1Ok1e3i7KxR8ssjRbOS6dlVP+WRxRFc+vCOOTnupdjp0TXuawL4yivq91rZBrZ2LCU13Q/l2Walp++7sLVX+Szreq6PrTsEqknmb6Z4fmoy2UcBuq0cpqSfCQyTeMYR3U+uj+6+pfWC6Pjgfl410v87Hsqp+95af/Tp082bFnc3d3pINrY2Cg4We/t7dHJyQnReBni8PCQsiyjdLz0ur6+Lu4uIpcCZ9mQcnd3R0mS0PiHiD1cLg80duYejUaUpinleU4bGxv2mtQhw7K6ri3C4+Mj+b4/Ie/x8THRAuWfF1k3RESXl5f09evXQpxZKXMh8TyP7u/vicYbizzPo/PzcyIiurm5oTAMrQxnZ2eVfkvdbpeGwyHRuA663S7ReLlsWXXynNTrdQqCwC6f6qXmpzCt/HmeUxRFE21N6juKIiIiurq6EndOMi2vp8LtZVaq5Hl4eNBBdix8fHzUlxZGjjG8fHt9fT11wwmNyxuG4UTdtNvtuXVBRLS7u0uj0cjqZWNjo9DvFklzXsIwtJtzz8/PaWdnh6iirhqNRum1ZbG2tqaDCjw8PFAQBBP1sL+/b+MEQVBY4m+32yKFIrM8H6v49u0bZVlWuWxPJfksk3nqZWtrSweBOXjXBmq9XifP86wvKgkjqMxIeyquh5ncZbqzs2MN0rOzM2q32+T7Pp2dndHNzU1pB0/TlPr9PmVZVhggqmg0GnRzc6ODS2GD4fDwsDCIMpeXl4VzZlm6XFtbo9FopIOJFiz/vHC6PAA2Go0n5yXbHiMNfzaKedCT7UPGc8FtJY5jOjo6ona7TUEQ0OnpKd3e3k7U3ypyfHxMxhgKw5BGo1GlX9m8VD1I6vU6XV9f62BLnud0cHBAxpipctXr9cq8lsE8D91p8pRtEp1msMxDnudWjk6nQ0mS2B+a09jY2HCOo8w8uiD1Q3AwGNDOzo7td2ma0u7urr5l6ezv71OWZRTHMd3f30+Mma5xWsdZNvyDpCyf9fX10jGf2d3dnWuzpateZ30LQ338xh5jDNHYf97VjhuNxrP/6HDlq5klDqjmXRuo5HitVKfTebbXTB0eHtJoNCo4TZ+cnBQcpOv1ujVI+dcVz4TN0ql4Zs41oGm63S71+/3CL012/i+DZ1Gvrq4KA9fBwQFlWVZ4UJ+enk68coUHvTiOKcsy6vf7U53IGX6Q6Jk0mecs5Z81P02v16PT01M7CMqdmPPSbDbJ933qdDpW32maThjYbJAeHR3R/v6+bR/dbrdyNp0JgoCur6+tMcuzRaenp6UPHs2i+pIskkae57aul/36nm63S6PRqLAJg4hse9zd3aXhcFjYgBHHse0r29vb1hDKsoyGw2Gpkco6lzqQaT2V3d1dyrLMps/tqEymKnm47W1vb9tr5+fn5Pt+5Wz9NPhHFY3lG41G9vU6JMYF1w82zc7OzoT8aZpSHMdz64LZ29uzxlG9Xrf9rtvtzlzup65MhGFInU6nMKvGkwJynM7zfEJ/mZhl5OeJ53lzy3N2dmb/Pzg4qOxz7XZ7YszP87xQL3LM/vLliw13McvzkcQYz/E6nQ7FcUy9Xs/qiI1UF/w8lX172nNvHqaNLUy9Xi+dcAIzotf83yLaR0b780ifJu3v5ikfUIknNgyQ2txRlqf229H5GYfPmRmXwRVXwj6GLAv/r+WUaH8ul5+MJhDO6BL2ESpLS8rEfjxhGE7cN62cMq4sT1n5E7XhQsdlfzg+Z7lkHtl4w44M48Ml7yzp6XhU0t20Dx2XZRa0n5dx+BBq/UtfQxrX46zlkUidu9q9PGc/OT4PgsBkWTbRjl1o+f/dv/t3lXmxLmUZOB+pl7L7+Jzj6rbkQsuo0+KwWfQsz7ntSVl9359oM5oyeRh5TZZJ3zOLvFy3Mq4cP/S4INPTaTFafinjvLowDj9b4/A9NKr8uv6Dse+hjKPbkGvclJS1cZ2u7m9aLo6j7yuD25WuC+PQtRzvdHt0yc/1L9F64fLocD22yjbE5eQ4epzS90p0PqHarMthsg1ye+Bzb7xhV94jZeEwvkeOLUaURdclmJ2aqfopAj4kvV5v5uW498RgMHAu6ZeFAwB+7B8nJydzL71/NPI8p/Pz81cZS/I8J8/zKEmSmWeMAXht3v0SP5iPWXwf3yNxHBc2SMnwWZbaAQCgiqOjozfhFw7AqgADFRCJjUGHh4ev8gv/tWm327S9vW31wMf19TX8iAAoodfr2c2L/IYN8A/E4gX0W1tbM/uFL5NUfZhD+mYCsMpgiR8AAAAAAKwUmEEFAAAAAAArBQxUAAAAAACwUsBABQAAAAAAKwUMVAAAAAAAsFLAQAUAAAAAACvFuzFQW60WNRoNHUwkXvWxyKcH5SuHGo0G5Xk+8SoiZjAY2LCqz+4tg0ajsdDnJd8yrF+wGK1Wa+Izsstg0XoZDAalffajweNK1RjV6/UK+uJxrewTjpzmtNcK9Xq9pbWLaTKBl0W3mTRNp7azRVhmGwL/QKvVsjbFtH78LtGflnpryE+R6c+tGfXptGmfoSuDP+MnKcsviqKJT54tG/4823PnA8A05Cf/5oHvc/Whj4Ycw2Ydo+SnHF2fUpRpVn0Skj/TqMe3RZgmE3hZuG6fu48tsw2BfyAIAvuMD8afDv9ovPkZ1Hq9TsYYCoJAXyIioouLC0qSRAfPxeHhIY1Go0JYGIaUZdnETMH19fWzfC2k1+vZvO7u7uyLl98z+EW+OHmeP/ssPhHR/v4+hWGog53EcWxnAea5r4z30j7q9TplWaaDK2m32xRFkQ62zJrm8fFx6dg5L9NkkqRp+q5WgFaxLS6zbqt4qXw+GsPhkL58+UI01vFH/JTwmzdQX4LPnz8TjQdVho3Q29tbG0Zjw2DZXwtJ05SGw6EOftcMBoMP2SGXxUsYp/PS6XR00MLEcTzxoxG8Hbrdrg56s6AtgmWjJ74+KjBQZ6Ber5Pv+3R2dmbD2DA9PT21YWmaFgbeMl9VGvuQsl9JlTERxzFtbm4SEZHneRO/1KXfq/YrknlL/5VWq2V9k+Q1mdYsvoHyM3415XfL/oXSZ5evS78aDmPfKA6Tn0/kmRbtT8V+T/LeOI4LeWp9ybi1Kb5yvV5vIh2ZNt+r9cD1IPVJKm9dVxquI5m29kGSepR6aTQaNBqNaDgcFvJqNBoTbU3KrWe0uH24rkndTIN1RmMjVd/jaiPkqCuug8FgYI1dfY+krD1zGOtF58N6lrrP87wgJ8fhezmvaf1GtxVX+5P1qsN1e9bIspyfn+vLlch7ZX1rmbW+pZ4fHh4K11zUajXKsoz6/X5BB2X1xXLleW7bJOtB6krqsjH20ZftVPc5WaZp46Oseymfqy1yHNYhyyjrjuXTsrnGnHnh/FxtkeuSdVVWLqpo22Wyy3tk+RlZtppj3JB1Ocs4MI2y8ZGv6TouQ5ZVl8v1DOLrrvGT9a/lkQwGg8KnaWuivqp0yLJwuQeDwUJ9Z6XQa/5vlSofjSRJ5vLvcsE+cwz7h+gw9r0KgqDgk0PCZzQMQ+sXpuO5YPmlX5f2Q/V93wRBYK9LuWT5pU+uTC8Mw4JPq+/7U+Ui4d/G/mdZlhX8ErlO5HUzzk/Xl8xPX9f+VHxOwvdJx9H1zuVndP25YLklsp6jKCrIyWlynvp+9g2saouyjrhOdfv2fb9QX57nTVyX7YHbi24jrvrj+Pw/y1zWZlnWacg0jMMPVevK8zxbRl2XOm4Zrr4ThmGhTch0OF2W03U/X+drpPRahpZZ9jGXH6qUg9uE1LuuMy0r9wepcxccj9PWfU+mofPUcbmdSX25kHVrKsYfqWNOV4axrjzPs3XAMrj0x8j/ZduSfU+WQfYn3R90vRpH+WSfkfJJgiAo1JUs06y45NT9S5bNFb+qbVfJThVtKAiCQjq6PriuGRLPtqpxoAy/Ynwsq2MXrBPOTz4zuMy63LJceqw06jlXhs7XTNGhlIXvWaTvrBrTR/g3QvDMBqoelHzfnwhzVTLHIWWgykY8DZZfdqaqAVAORPLg+HJQYuTAI49Z4PJIGfUA5SoDCd1lY8OW0fcbRx3rzq8fFLqTy04sj2ntwqVreU0bAL4wPKbJVIauI6kP1qVEt0V9v1EDURiGpQOlHtj4CMaGOTkMPi2PCymfcdSxq40Y1Z5Zb1qvVWhd6EFe1i1f17oua7eu62W42grjahe63cl2ZRzGoi6LbhNlTOtHjKufa5m1TGXoslWNPy4d63LpOtbpS13I9iSPqvGRkX2D83fpS+evdayvG/FDTx56DKzCNS7oMbOsflzlcundlMiuyyd14hozjDBC+bo+9PjkGgdcuPSg+0JVHZchnx8yrKzcxtGvkySZ2h+N475pOjQOWUxJHUo9mAV18VJgiX9GeJn/+vqa0vFSfr1eJ8/z6PT0lNI0pY2NDRufl062t7fJGFPY1LS/v08klpiqlhcW4eHhgYIgoPEPEHtwvi6yLKMsyybuqYKXPohooY1oYRjSwcEBERGdn58/y+YySZ7nFEXRRBmbzaaOWuDw8JD6/T7ReIlmd3fXXnNtRKnX68/qP/v4+KiDrN/zLEusRET39/c6yPL4+Ei+70/o6fj4mL5//66jPxu8HHZ9fe3U86wcHBzQcDikPM8pTVPa2tqy11z1tLGx8aT8yniONCWusiyDsn6+zGXBRcafeZD7AhYZH3mp9PDwcKlyMaxLLdM8deoaF6bx3OUiotIxw/M8ur+/p+/fv5PneRNlv7i4IFpgHHDpYd7xUcLL6ltbWzNvAmTq9ToFQUCHh4dERHR2dkbtdltHm8o0Hb5XYKDOwdevX2k4HNLZ2ZndOLW3t0ej0Yhubm4KBtb29jaFYVg6wHAn9DyPOp3OhH/UU1hfX6fLy0sdXInneRMbvqpI09T6iVYN7FXs7+9TlmUUxzHd398vfXOZpl6v0/X1tQ6eSrvdJs/zaDAY0PX19YRB60qzysdoWbjazPr6ug5ysrGxUdo219bWpm76KBswl0We59TpdChJEjo+PtaX56LZbJLv+3R0dOR8QFxdXRXOadwflo3neQs9IOdh2Q+rWfq5yyCYl3nHn3lhA3BtbW2h8XFzc5OiKLJG07Lhsc/Vp+dlnh8Oz10uiat+NzY26NOnT5Q53ohDTxwHXLqcdXxk4jim4XBIxpiJcWNWvn37RqPRyCnPvJTp8L0CA3UO2ADNxU59fg3E1dXVhIHFD4s8zwu//AaDgZ01nfeVUdrx3EW73aYsywqO5nmeV967t7dHnU6nMEjozRAu2FC5ubnRl2YiDEPqdDqFWS1NldzzsLu7S8PhsDBjHcfxTAMHz6LqwSAMw4k0h8OhnRlmWK9HR0dE4wfDLPm6YIOZN8/RuBye500MonmeO2fod3Z2JtpImqYUxzE1m03nhrxer2evyc2AJycnROMVgVmIx5tOZoGNH9fAzMzSPngWVcOvkJNpnJyc2BkPhts5x+t0Ok69VrG3t0f9fr9Q77P0sVnZ29uj4XBo0+dNUovIqnH1c15Vkm9n4E2jnufNVMdpmlKapguPP1Vwu6Rxv/N9n5rN5kLjI4nZt6p+K9OQ4/9wOKTRaDTRpyRBEBT6NM2pA+778p7hcEhZllX+YJ6lXE+BfyDK+k3T1P7o4Xa0vb1duE+WY5ZxgJlnfJwVlts1GTENnkXd3NwsrL7NwzQdvlv0mv9bhP1C+JD+KdJvhJTDN/tUVfmzaFz+N64w6S/jjV/0z/mHYViQS9/rguNq/yn2O5F5GeX7KsOlr5f2V9G6muYrI/OV92p/Mi2z1rfLz0r6RGVZNpG+LrP0j3Plqf3F+JjH98Ylp1G+eVRSPr42S5vTdaTrxRVPy8b5uOqdy6zbiG4P8prMV19j+aYh+4Auk66XJEkKceT/URQVZK/SpcQf+41rdN663cu2xnqNHL6Ms8ih20qkNqRwmDzXfdz3/Yk4XC6XznR5JNP6UZZlpf2cy6vblpSnDI4n25yrTehy6vNw7MfM55yeN/a35nDdP3Tbd/UTKZvUi+/7Np72oWSdSDlZFk5P5st9kZG6lulxftPamC5XIHxQte4ytaFVlkvqQear0zYztiEdjxzjhc6zqk3TlHZtKsbHsjouQ8bXbUr+X1ZuM66XWfIyjjFCyl6mQ10HxlHf+rys76wSNfNcjicAzECe53R+fv4mfgX2er25l5nA6oD6+zg0Gg3a29t7E+PKrOR5Tre3twvPAoLXI01Tenx8RN3NCZb4watydHT07JujlsFgMFh4eQa8PnEcV7qRALDKNBoN2t7ehoHzRjk8PETdLQAMVPDi8K5M3hmpfXdXhVS8fJnGfkDg7ZCLl5BfX1/jAfFBqIkPAczjw7nK3N3dlW5qBKsJv/2iVqtN7EkAs4ElfgAAAAAAsFJgBhUAAAAAAKwUMFABAAAAAMBKAQMVAAAAAACsFDBQAQAAAADASgEDdUnw93prtdrUL5I8hVar9aZ2pvJO+GV9peQly8+7wOVXeFqtVuXXYHq9XuVXW94Dcnd8rVZ79+UFAADw8sBAXQJskBpjKAxD6vf7OspSaLVaU7+RvkqkaTrx6b6n8JLlz/Pc+Qnai4uL0u9W93o95+c03xvb29tkjLFHlmWVRjsAAAAwLzBQl8DJyYl9Cfj+/j4915u7Li4uyPd9HbyyNJtNSpJEBy/MMso/qyFVr9cpyzIdXMnx8TEFQaCD3yVyVjkMQ7yjEQAAwFKBgboE5jVkwOvwUq4B7527u7vCS++vrq5ob2+vEAcAAAB4CjBQZ6DVajn97fiLSEREnU6n1NeS4/GXJXgWr9FoFHz58jy393Ceg8HAaVjJrzHJ2SxS6Up/WL6n0WhQHMdOWWmKj6EsM1/Xs5JStpubm8I1ifzSxmAwKHy5ifPUX3Niysov0+R0aazP4XBIo9Fo4h6JzO/8/FxfpkajMVEfXFfTfDGlXJy/bhNU0d64Xjl/9nsuy3eW+DL/wWBQaIPSr1rXMZOmKY1Go3f1zXMAAAArgAGV+L5vwjC0557nGc/zCnGIyERRVAhjoigyRGSIqJBOGIaFdDzPM0EQ2Hs4ro7n+74hIhs3CALj+7697nmeybLMGGNMlmUF2TgdDk+SxN4n8X3fpi/TkGXhppMkSSEtjiPTqsqL75dofbIsZkr5dbnCMCykrXWlYVlYf0EQTOhP5m1KdKXbh0TGl2Hy/6r2pu/X7UNTFT/LMpu3q+yyDmT7lARBUFq3AAAAwKLAQK3AZTxpo884DCqNNto0NDb42ADg+GwsSKoMDpZXHxyflJE8DZkel0+XRRuFnucVdKENWBdaf0RUMNqkzFXll7BxKWWdZqBq49BV19JQc7WPIAic8jDaEIyiyOrGlZ6WYdbyM1XxddoS1p08XPm4jFYAAADgqWCJv4LHx0cdRPV6nYiIHh4e9KW54eVTY0xh80+73SbP88jzPKrN8dqqx8dH8n3f7q7m4/j4mGi8maXf708s82p4mfvw8JDm3fC1iD9uEAR0enpKNF66j6KIRqMR5XlOcRzTly9f9C2l8LL01tYWRVGkL1cy70YfV/uYRrPZJN/36ejoiIiIrq+vqdlsEpWkt8z2pqnX6xQEgXVP4WV8XubX7UjrJ01T+vbtWyEMAAAAWAYwUGfA5au5vr6ug+ai1WpREASlBuDd3Z01XPv9fqnPpGRtba3yNUz8hoEoiipfDbS5uUlRFJW+Tmka8xpTu7u71iC9vr62Bvr5+Tk9PDxYA24acRzTcDgkY0xhE8883N/f66CpSL/NWTg4OKDhcEhpmtLGxoa+/CztrYzj42My49ejjUYj6vV61ih2ySG5ubmxcQEAAIBlAgO1AjaU5Ls84zgmz/MWNoAk0rCRhmUcx3bWdJ5XKzWbTfI8b8Lw5E0yPGvabrenzi6ykTnNSNEEQUD9ft+W7ezsjGhs9JalxXIfHR3R7u4uERHt7e3RycnJkwzG6+trfcnimpXe29uzhiMR2U1SnU7H+QOB24DcNDUcDinLssoZap5F3dzcpJ2dHRs+a3uT7abf70/Nryx+nue2rezv71MYhjZeEAQT77DVm8OwMQoAAMCzodf8wSS8OUb74bE/pjw0vFGHD/Y91P6i7DPp+76JoqjgQ8l+flIO9i105S3DZHhZfI2U2ff9Qr7y0OWXfpIcxnlW+aAah++m9m01M5ZfxpHXsywryFuG1js5NknxNSPklOEuX01NkiSl/ptl7c042s00H9Sq+FmWFcqr05H1SKouuNxVPr0AAADAotRM2RozAODZiOOY1tbWZnZfAAAAAD4SMFABeAVardbCPr4AAADAewc+qAC8EPLF9/xmBQAAAABMghlUAAAAAACwUmAGFQAAAAAArBQwUAEAAAAAwEoBAxUAAAAAAKwUMFABAAAAAMBKAQMVAAAAAACsFO/GQG21WqWfe+RX+9RqNecnK8toNBqFe0mlVavV7Gck4zi2YfpTo8tiMBiUlvGt02q1Jj6l+RR6vd6L6SpN00JbeGlqtZrz061lPIduWAdln7N9j3Cff616f22mjaeDwcCOmzT+5O60e+Zty68Jl4ePZfcpAD46b95A5UFCfste0mg0yBhDxhgKw7D0u+ou7u7uyPd98jyP+G1cxhjyPM/+X6/XicbfUU+ShIIgeJYXsA8GA+r3+zr4XdBqtUrrbxF6vR4Nh0Md/CykaTrxzfqXRBoAs3J8fEx3d3c6eGFeWwevRbvdLowBH4lZ2t3+/r4dN/M8t+NmGbOkuUpsb2/bZ4sxhrIse7bJCQA+Im/eQK3X62SMoSAI9CVK05QuLy/t+f7+PnmeR9fX14V4VRwcHFCWZYVZksPDQ6Jx+pKbmxva3d0thD2FNE3tbML+/j6FYaijvAsuLi7I930dvDDHx8fO9vAcNJtNSpJEB78Yq/Aa49fWQRkwFp6PedtdvV6nLMt0cIF503wqy2gfcrIjDMOl/vAD4KPz5g3UKprN5sTsxrzLMPyt9NvbWxvWbreJxgap5OrqaqnfVu92uzoIADADcRwvdVYevC+W0T7u7u7ss4DG4//e3l4hDgBgcd61gVrG1taWDqokCAI6PT215zxzenJyYsPyPKevX7/ac+mbpJeu2Lc1juNSv8tarUZZllG/36ea8nOTvk/6fvk5TTlDwP5y7BfG17QflZ4Vlsi0WX6GfUilLy5fd92j5WBkHlqWVqtlr7l+aPB1fW2e/En5Hud5XpCJZ7Q5TOuf79UysI+mlqMMGbem2o+sM+mvp/PgNsMycdxWq1Uot9TFYDAotLWy9kTK71r/WJO40pBl4PxkejVR/yxfbawHWU7dRjh+p9MhGutR1pGsW10eje4bfLAepY+lq4xSTi6jK57GFWfZ+iobDzRaB652K+XVbUf3A01ZW9bIMrCsUi7OV5ZT9we+r6x96LLKttVoNAp61e0uTVMajUa0v79fCAcAPAHzTgiCwHiep4MLZFlmfN/XwVOJosgQkcmyzBhjTBiGJgzDibAkSYwZyyLzISIThqGNF0WRM57G8zx7nxnfS0S2nCwXEwSBTduM7+cwIirIYcb6kDrT5ZQkSVK4JvXt+75NPwiCiesch6/JMPk/ERV0I/Pzfb8gu+d5pelnWVbQk74uw8oIgqAQX+s6yzIrD+uG5eX8uT3wdZ2WrCuJbhey3nTa3Cakbnzfn0ib47OeOX3ZJ1x17GpPxqEPTpfz0ej4Zpw+5xVFUaG+uFycnr5f60Gj45ux/LI8Ug8upF5ZN3w/y+eSSSLlq9KnxiX/svTF12T5XGgdcx4Mp8FlkuMV918pI6fH8cvSr5JJxjeOfh2GodWRlIfrr0o/ZWOh53m2rGUEQVDaFgEAi1He494YwQwGqu/7dvCaFzlw8kNNhrkeNDwAy3h6kK9CDrBmfK8sozYoOC95cHw9IBv1kJWHfIi6YGOkygCcJmsURZUPGiP0y/dK5MPOdV23h2n5a7S++Jx1E0WRTUunbcayc1xfGdfGIZ8LV/sJlOFsVDs0Y9lkHF2fvu8XDNSyOue85cEye8rY0waAC92epYw6PaPk1PWhjRuNjh8pg85MkdmVvpbf1Zd93y/cI8ukdSn16ULnt0x96esuXG1NQqrd6D6s27hua670aYqBqvPgsYhx3ctlrSr/tLFQ14VGlwMA8HQ+zBL/YDCgg4ODCZ/UWQmCgK6urigXS/m+79PJyUlhWYvEUhHv8pS7V3kJiJeKXEtmi8AyjH902KPKaf/+/p7CMJy4R/pVSXgJ/eDgYO4NW81mk3zfp6OjIyIiur6+nuqvy3p7fHzUl2w9Pjw8OK9r5s2fdcD18/DwUHD1uL6+nrktuepgY2OjdNNIVfvRbc1Fu92m4XBo4z48POgolnq9TkEQUKfTKSyDTmtPZbJXcXh4aN9EEcdxYUOhK716ve7U3SK4dPDp0yeiivbl+z6dnZ0RjfWRZRl9+fJFRy3Q7XYLmyjX1taIZtCni9fUF83Y1p7CIul3u137ho48z62ffhzHE+mxG8P19bVTX5J5x0JJmqb07ds3HQwAeCIfwkBlI6PKIJnG1tYWjUYjOjo6sg+pbrdLWZbR+fl54eGxvb1duaOTBz/P86jT6Uz4My0CG0vzpLWxsUFXV1c62MlgMKC7uzsyxiysx4ODAxoOh5SmKW1sbOjLE2iDwFW29fV1+79+QGnmzZ8N0jRNaX19nXZ3d2k0GlGe5zPdL3Hpuey1O9Paz7Ry0lj2o6MjStN0qlF1fHxMZvwattFoRL1eb6b25DL6qmi32+R5Hg0GA+cPBNfbNab5MM6DfhsHw0ak5vj4mIbDIdVqNfI8j8IwnJBZ0263aTQaUZqmdHNzY+PPok/Na+urXq879bVM5k1f/nA8Ojqidrtt++nt7S3t7OwQjdPtdDqUJAkdHx+rVCaZZyzU3NzczPxjFQAwB3pK9a2il5OYSC13mvFyjmtZbxpU4lOl8/WEbxnH4eWhUPigctwyWXhZKUkSkySJCacsmwdjvy8Jy6GXtIxDNjNOUy8dGsdypu/7BVn00puWleElObkczuEyfqD8ML2xHxijl2xJ+RNSyRJqWf4uWL9SP97Y91XWma4HM86f9ci61+m49GymtB9OS6et02eZdNs3jiV+qbcwDO09Ve2Jr+m2RyVL5oxLF0a0L6kTmRbfN2t+sr1zXqTaQxiGhbJrdNvR6D7BcNvVZazSZxnPpS/XeKBxtf9IuMbo/PUYEExZ4p+1LWuCsWsAx2E5ZV2W5aX1Y8a61P3MqLGQx2IAwMtRPUK9EXhQkwOwqfAr0obPtAcRowfgsjA50HqeZ40iHlTlw6Jq0ON4nIcsg8yDRJk5Lxmu9SANKR7c+ah6YMt4Uh42Hvl+LaskSZIJfTFSdlccmY+uM37AyPt1HDMlfxek6ihUhreuB33O9+pw+WDXVLUfo9o169rVjlwPValjf+yTreuyLD4pY1DXl75ehs6D0e1UpyXrn+PqOIxsDzKOTL+qrRvHuMJHNt4gJ8Mk3KdcP4Kq9FnGsvWl73PJyejxIRhv1JJh3Cf4XI8BnudN3MPtf9a2LOH+IeV2tXUpg/w/GvuP8znrTZeV24cM02MHpzOtLQEA5qdmfuyAALwIcRzT2traxHLlS/Ha+YMfXz80y7LrazMYDJyvDSoLfy7eir4AAGCZfAgfVLA6nJ6evqpx+Nr5f3QGg8FSv7b2XPR6Pbq/v9fB1Ov1rJ/jS/BW9AUAAMsGBip4duSLvF9jJui18//oyBem0xM3K74Ux8fHdHl5aeXmY2tr69k3xLxFfQEAwLLBEj8AAAAAAFgpMIMKAAAAAABWChioAAAAAABgpYCBCgAAAAAAVgoYqAAAAAAAYKWAgQoAAAAAAFaKd2Ogtlot53eo8zwvvCZmnm9haxqNRiGtXq9H5Mjjqfk8F71er6Ajfp2NlLXRaNhyvTUGg4F9Nc8scL3FcawvvTjyVVhcjsFgoKM9O61Wi1qtlg5+s8RxPFebeA0Gg4Fz7FoV9Pi2LPR4pGm1Wq82FvHYmOe5vmTRfYXbWtk9rvFGP1PK7gXgQ6I/LfXWkJ+sc30SUIbxZ/Wegusze0ygvh+/ysjP+vGn/vhzhfpzfm8B+cnEt0Y4/vwt//8Wy7CKyE/Gripc366xa1WQ4x3N8CnSWeBPj5aVW3/e9yWRY6NrnHch25rrHvmc4s+8BkHg/HQwAOBH3vwMar1eJ2MMBUGgL1Ge53R3d2fP+Qsw+JX648u/kyQphN3d3ZHneYWwt8L+/j6FYaiD3wQnJye0tbVFNC7HMl5NPOss6Kzx3gp5nttZt3a7TVEU6ShLJ03ThWe7V6ndSt0xcRyT53n24wTGmKV85vX4+Ng5ZjMXFxfk+74OfhFcY+M0prW1er1OWZbpYDo7O7P/HxwcEOH5BIDlzRuoVegvvnz//p2CIJgIB+A1cT24nsJgMCj8MCtDGyPvgdcoU7fb1UFvEpfuHh4edBBYEsfHx4Uv293c3JDv+3g+ATDmXRuokjzP6fDw8MU/dSk/Wyj9j9hfqTb2ZXX5eckw/au61WrZazyDI9Mj4ZPJs2TaZ2peXOXQeZCSTfqYsb8Vy8d+l1V+aLJcNYdfpvTdlEgZOD+pcyrxweXraZoWHti6fqp8jKVMtQofV+kf2el0bLouX7Wa8E2tjdsD399oNCiOYytzv9+nLMvsPS5arRYNh0MajUaFvLQPMvsBSt2laVpo19qwkXJW1a308+O2IduqLKukqn2NRiMaDodWTgnfo/tAmbwsH193laVWq1GWZdT//7dz9rhtM0EYHt9DMAQzZ0glpUjDHMCFnMqVAKk2rMalGhpu3JiADyCpyAEsFSksQUXuQMIwjFyDX8Nhhq+G1I+lD0r8PoAAcbk/w9nZ3SE5y8GgJCvaLV6Dh9Wx7TeNUVW7Un3j3GLbsDo6AV3YerQuT3efPn0q2ZLVm60b7bvunMrl6bIKqxesz8ZwWp31+/1ivsNzFlv3SUU/aRsoM44VD9tHP378wNMlBoNB8RSVEPIPBbz0er3KeCYbn/jeS7axRt7PxqBqLBOW1RgkjUuyMUtBEJRivOpisKIoctuz9Wl5jW/y8ts4qCAIatsMw3DlvK0zDMOS/EEQlPoFy0dRVNlvqh+VD+MzMeZX+0CZz+crdWtdXgyujQmzciZJUqqnLg4Z+6DOLhXPJmyaHmM9euzpCfN6oP4wBlltxkvTcqiLKIpK/R+GYakNxepfy3t9gva4rX1hHCr2T5W8Vha0dwTHLI7LXh5v6dlLZuxa27HzhJ271B6y/DpsG3ZsaHnF9sF8Pl9px+bDa/VsyZZRPWl/1Z3DMSWOTVvU1rSMZ6+qU61vPB4X+rZte3jXb/WkdSRJsjLGcKzY+lQmtDWVy/ajon1NCPnD+7y1I6K3gSOgE8R7JgKchCw4geJiqnmsnLi44YKL5S04AeqxlpnP56UJ2k7ANr/Ngw4Bgm2Ox+OivJ6z2IUjcxZBbwH0sItOVuHc20VasYtYlsur4PVj3yjWSbA/b6Gx6ALr1WnBulBnXh5N8+xjG51ae8ic/l/XX2gPunDjzwPLZs512vZ3sS90QqocDfxlFfJ54Bi29ds8VeMKdZrBWPXO2/Fgf167Ym4o0OYtqLvMaVv1ib8oimrPeX1XNd4UlMfKovXhT/N7to0EQbAyphSv7wVsE/sU1wac/9FWLah3Qsg/sElqGx4eHv7XwHsvDrDZbJZiDrvdrjw+Porkr4OGw6EkSVK8Rj09PTWly7RaLQmCoHh1tFwuJYqior7RaCStVgtKvY9WqyVhGMrd3Z2IiDw/PxdtvL29Qe4/ccC7xrLp68gvX76UNiH8/v27lK+KbrdbyDqZTOTz58+YpeDq6qp4nXliXou+vLxIFEWS39AVv06ng1WImNeYNzc3B90AE0VR8WoZXz9aMOSg6nXnPkiSRJIkWdHVPjiEfe1bXu8VseSvg6vOeayLQ0zTVMbj8YrcOhb1tfRsNittRtLx22635cQJz1jH6+ur9Hq9lXavr69rz3l99x7e3t4kDMOVtrYJ4dp37Dfizf9V6CZJQsgfPpSDKvnEX+f07ZufP39iUmmn/Pn5eeGQjkYj6XQ6EoahjEYjWS6XlU6Qog6uLn62vmazidn3ws3NjcRxXNkGxv6JyE46n0wmEsexZDXO4DpH9fz8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Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Culture, breastfeeding, drama, lactating ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628839/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628839/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eExclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infants’ growth and development. However, in some African communities, cultural practices and myths were identified as key factors militating against this practice. This study introduced drama to debunk some cultural practices and myths affecting EBF practices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology: \u003c/strong\u003eA qualitative aspect from a large quasi-experimental study. Fifty-six lactating mothers with infants aged 6 months were recruited and assigned into experimental (28) and control (28) groups. Four (4) focus group discussions out of which twenty-four in-depth interviews were drawn. A semi-structured interview with the FGDs guide was used to obtained information from the respondents. Data was thematically analysed and all responses were recorded with a recorder and transcribed. All the transcription was generated into a code and put into themes used for reporting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eMost respondents from both groups reported having heard about EBF at religion centres, clinics, and radio programmes. Respondents in both groups shared their diverse experience on EBF like increased demand for breastmilk and mother’s inability to sleep well. Barriers such as husband influence, house chores, infant illness were also identified with EBF. For the control group, respondent expressed their skepticism about not giving water to infant before six months even when thirsty. Respondents in the experimental group highlighted how drama-based intervention had positively influenced the practice of EBF.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDrama intervention at the prenatal phase significantly enhanced EBF practice among rural women, hence, it can serve as a strong strategy for future initiatives.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Barriers and Promoters of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice Among Nursing Mothers From Rural Communities in Two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-13 09:38:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7628839/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"94309fa9-e39d-400b-8adc-a27b559754b7","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-18T08:26:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-13 09:38:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7628839","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7628839","identity":"rs-7628839","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}