[A case of catamenial pneumothorax associated with diaphragmatic endometriosis].

A case of catamenial pneumothorax associated with diaphragmatic endometriosis was reported. A 43-year-old woman had 4 times-recurrent pneumothorax on right side for recent 5 months. Each onset was related to the beginning of menses. Right thoracotomy revealed the presence of multiple darkly-pigmented spots and several pinhole like perforations in the central tendon of diaphragm. The area showing these lesions were considered to be the focal region, and this part of diaphragm was excised. Histology showed the stromal endometriosis surrounded by hemosiderin pigment deposits. The patient has been asymptomatic for 4 years after operation. Our case may give support to Maurer's hypothesis. Surgeons should be aware of the importance of carefully inspecting the diaphragm during operation.