A new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication

A new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication shahramm mohammad nejad, Amine Mahmoudi, Hossein Arab This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this work, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been utilized to simulate the propagation emission from PbS quantum dots in a hexagonal InP nanowire as a single photon source. The effect of height and radius of the nanowire as well as the location and orientation of the dipole source in the Purcell factor and Quality factor of the nanowire have been investigated. A broadband electric dipole source has been used to model the quantum dot and the effect of shape and radius of PbS quantum dot have been investigated in the final results. The conclusive structure has been optimized to a nanowire with hexagonal cross section with radius of 220nm and height of 10um. The emission peak obtained above 1um with Purcell factor of 4.72 which is in good agreement with cases have been used as single photon source in quantum communication. Electrical Engineering quantum dot nanowire single photon source Purcell factor Quality factor telecommunication Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 08 Jul, 2021 Reviews received at journal 05 Jun, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 26 May, 2021 Editor invited by journal 23 May, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 22 May, 2021 First submitted to journal 15 May, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-530578","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":29525306,"identity":"3ebb4f7d-4ee9-4134-a3bf-b3a262dacc6c","order_by":0,"name":"shahramm mohammad nejad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQY2MM3PDBNhxqkWTYtkM5A4QJIWgwMwLYSA/OzmZ48rarZFGx/nMf78gcFOnoGd9wFeLQZ3jpkbnjl2O3fbYR4ziQMMyYYNzOwG+LVIJJhJNrBBtAAdxpzAwMxGwGEz0r9JNvy7nbu5mcf4wwGGesJaGG7kmEk2tt3O3cDMYwB02GHCWgxu5JRJNvbdzp1xmK1M4ozBccM2Ihy2TbLh2+3c/v7Dmz9UVFTL8/MfI+AwNEsZGAj5ZBSMglEwCkYBEQAA7BQ/DK2v8ZwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-3023","institution":"Iran University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"shahramm","middleName":"mohammad","lastName":"nejad","suffix":""},{"id":29525307,"identity":"19c9e55c-c569-45bd-bffb-0b274b30df32","order_by":1,"name":"Amine Mahmoudi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Iran University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amine","middleName":"","lastName":"Mahmoudi","suffix":""},{"id":29525308,"identity":"9a72766d-ecbe-4efb-b190-a1599691f3e7","order_by":2,"name":"Hossein Arab","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Iran University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hossein","middleName":"","lastName":"Arab","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-05-16 16:20:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":9859464,"identity":"b1428113-0837-4c62-b676-3f1321c55f83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:17:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":65305,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"band gap diagram versus lattice constant for some semiconductor materials [23]. Properties for PbS QDs with diameter of 15nm have been added (red circle) [24].","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/e57a9db5b3bec58833537713.jpg"},{"id":9860144,"identity":"52c0bf38-25d8-475a-beae-458ce7267060","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:23:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53190,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a) Illustrations of various types of dipole source orientation within the NW structure. b) Theta and phi angles.","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/c96e4ddeb389998dc70bd3bf.jpg"},{"id":9860012,"identity":"27baf02c-9203-42b6-8cf4-230840427388","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:20:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":17160,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Light transverse k-vector and Ø angle.","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/bce5d4e1b0656ce051e75420.jpg"},{"id":9860018,"identity":"fb233778-6e7c-4d9b-b128-1c4595b5aee4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:20:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":71107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a) Quality factor and Purcell factor versus variation of polarization angle of dipole source. b) The intensity of electric field per theta=90 and phi=0.","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/7be3bbfbddc4504cb713a030.jpg"},{"id":9860143,"identity":"002e4cdb-7204-45eb-bb03-7c3ffa0a4698","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:23:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":111616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Purcell factor and Quality factor versus variation of NW radius (the NW height is considered to be 10um).","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/0ccda677c9011f2246425850.jpg"},{"id":9860014,"identity":"07018522-111b-4a36-8f85-1a8954a654c8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:20:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":87064,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Purcell factor and Quality factor versus variation of the height of the NW (the NW radius is considered to be 220nm).","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/2b92ac0ca74836844e11037a.jpg"},{"id":9860145,"identity":"d13369e6-48ae-41b2-85b4-c087ade3b73d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:23:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":48301,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"HE11 guiding mode in the NW.","description":"","filename":"7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/3ccdab6f90e9c3ace7d5f76f.jpg"},{"id":9860016,"identity":"6249d172-fede-4c3b-826b-6d18b8f5bee2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:20:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":58194,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Purcell factor and Quality factor versus variation of the dipole source location along the NW axis.","description":"","filename":"8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/1b690e1fef0a9dd0e9f648ad.jpg"},{"id":9860019,"identity":"18f26039-030b-452d-8a7c-1f8532a7a08a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:20:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":54652,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Purcell factor versus radius variations of circle (blue), sphere (green) and cone (gray) type QDs. ","description":"","filename":"9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/0cfb941177f81e7a8dc3a347.jpg"},{"id":9859472,"identity":"7797fbe8-1ca2-488a-853d-8a751466be4b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:17:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":35769,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Final simulated QD within NW structure (dimensions are in nanometers).","description":"","filename":"10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/6cb497e69c1a1630c37069fd.jpg"},{"id":9859473,"identity":"32c3304d-5d35-471c-a6b2-253cea5887be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:17:19","extension":"jpg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":778160,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a) Purcell spectrum, b) Spectra of NW waveguide, c) Electric field of final structure simulated in FDTD.","description":"","filename":"11.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1/703428ec48bc8bff0e12a410.jpg"},{"id":13637742,"identity":"8680722f-247e-4b2d-b066-e9db4cb62987","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 08:47:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1102259,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"final.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":9860147,"identity":"c2e62547-0b11-4885-9786-f168aa239e77","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-01 20:23:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1098720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"final.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-530578/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-530578/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"quantum dot, nanowire, single photon source, Purcell factor, Quality factor, telecommunication","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this work, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has been utilized to simulate the propagation emission from PbS quantum dots in a hexagonal InP nanowire as a single photon source. The effect of height and radius of the nanowire as well as the location and orientation of the dipole source in the Purcell factor and Quality factor of the nanowire have been investigated. A broadband electric dipole source has been used to model the quantum dot and the effect of shape and radius of PbS quantum dot have been investigated in the final results. The conclusive structure has been optimized to a nanowire with hexagonal cross section with radius of 220nm and height of 10um. The emission peak obtained above 1um with Purcell factor of 4.72 which is in good agreement with cases have been used as single photon source in quantum communication.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A new III-V Nanowire-Quantum Dot Single Photon Source with Improved Purcell Factor for Quantum Communication","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-06-01 20:17:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-530578/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revisions","date":"2021-07-08T10:20:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-06-05T16:17:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-05-26T06:20:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","date":"2021-05-23T10:56:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-05-22T14:35:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","date":"2021-05-15T08:24:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"49c08670-eaa7-46dc-9d6a-22d871506c80","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 1st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":4679526,"name":"Electrical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-01-29T17:13:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-06-01 20:17:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-530578","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-530578","identity":"rs-530578","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}