Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia

Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia Kevin C. Kobylinski, Tri B. T. Satoto, Wisnu Nurcahyo, Yudi Ratna Nugraheni, and 10 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5065218/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The mosquito-lethal effect of commercially available standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations were evaluated in cattle and buffalo against wild-caught Anopheles on Sumba Island, Indonesia. Cattle have substantially higher blood-level concentrations of ivermectin compared to buffalo after receiving similar doses, irrespectively of formulation. In total, nine Anopheles species were captured to assess the mosquito-lethal effects of ivermectin with susceptibility ranked from lowest to highest: An. flavirostris < An. aconitus < An. annularis < An. tessellatus < An. maculatus < An. sundaicus < An. vagus < An. kochi < An. barbirostris. The duration of mosquito-lethal effect of long-lasting ivermectin was superior to standard ivermectin and in cattle it well exceeded the WHO criteria for new endectocides having a mortality hazard ratio greater than 4 through 30 days after administration. Buffalo may require higher doses of long-lasting ivermectin to achieve similar mosquito-lethal effects observed in cattle. Of the four hosts evaluated buffalo were the most attractive to Anopheles followed by cattle then horse and finally humans. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the superiority of a commercially available long-lasting ivermectin formulation for the potential deployment of mass ivermectin treatment of livestock as a vector control tool for malaria elimination in Southeast Asia. Entomology Anopheles livestock ivermectin long-lasting survival Sumba Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files SupplementalFigure1.pdf Supplemental Figure 1 SupplementalFigure2.pdf Supplemental Figure 2 SupplementalFigure3.pdf Supplemental Figure 3 SupplementalFigure4.pdf Supplemental Figure 4 SLIMSupplementalTable1.pdf Supplemental Table 1 SLIMSupplementalTable2.pdf Supplemental Table 2 SLIMSupplementalTable3.pdf Supplemental Table 3 SLIMSupplementalTable4.pdf Supplemental Table 4 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5065218","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":352118745,"identity":"b0d4805b-8613-4c77-a8d4-fcc41333132b","order_by":0,"name":"Kevin C. 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Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Anopheles, livestock, ivermectin, long-lasting, survival, Sumba","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5065218/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5065218/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe mosquito-lethal effect of commercially available standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations were evaluated in cattle and buffalo against wild-caught \u003cem\u003eAnopheles\u003c/em\u003e on Sumba Island, Indonesia. Cattle have substantially higher blood-level concentrations of ivermectin compared to buffalo after receiving similar doses, irrespectively of formulation. In total, nine \u003cem\u003eAnopheles\u003c/em\u003e species were captured to assess the mosquito-lethal effects of ivermectin with susceptibility ranked from lowest to highest: \u003cem\u003eAn. flavirostris\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. aconitus\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. annularis\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. tessellatus \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. maculatus \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. sundaicus \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. vagus \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. kochi \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; \u003cem\u003eAn. barbirostris. \u003c/em\u003eThe duration of mosquito-lethal effect of long-lasting ivermectin was superior to standard ivermectin and in cattle it well exceeded the WHO criteria for new endectocides having a mortality hazard ratio greater than 4 through 30 days after administration. Buffalo may require higher doses of long-lasting ivermectin to achieve similar mosquito-lethal effects observed in cattle. Of the four hosts evaluated buffalo were the most attractive to \u003cem\u003eAnopheles\u003c/em\u003e followed by cattle then horse and finally humans. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the superiority of a commercially available long-lasting ivermectin formulation for the potential deployment of mass ivermectin treatment of livestock as a vector control tool for malaria elimination in Southeast Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of standard and long-lasting ivermectin formulations in cattle and buffalo on wild Anopheles survival on Sumba Island, Indonesia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-18 14:37:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5065218/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b2186fe7-d471-4ed0-9984-331fd9c8bb3a","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":37394854,"name":"Entomology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-18T14:37:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-18 14:37:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5065218","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5065218","identity":"rs-5065218","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}