Time-dependent calculation method of pore pressure for non-uniform lifting in tunnel waterproof grouting and its engineering application

Time-dependent calculation method of pore pressure for non-uniform lifting in tunnel waterproof grouting and its engineering application | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Time-dependent calculation method of pore pressure for non-uniform lifting in tunnel waterproof grouting and its engineering application Zherui Chen, Shuai Zheng, Zhongchang Wang, Wenrui Bian, Yundong Ma This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8131805/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To address the potential issue of uneven rehabilitation effectiveness and the consequent insufficient durability of the grouting ring caused by the homogeneous medium assumption in traditional tunnel water-stop grouting methods, this paper proposes a pore pressure time-varying calculation method capable of describing non-uniform uplift effects. Based on elastoplastic damage theory, a damage variable characterizing material degradation is introduced to accurately represent the cumulative damage phenomenon in the lining under long-term cyclic loading. Considering both non-uniform damage and the time-varying characteristics of soil pore water pressure, an equivalent pore pressure model is incorporated. Through fluid-solid coupling calculations, the control mechanisms of grouting parameters on the evolution of the pore pressure field are systematically analyzed. The research results effectively address the issues of non-uniform damage and leakage in metro tunnel linings within water-rich soft-hard composite strata under long-term dynamic loads. Data indicate that grouting pressure is the dominant factor controlling uplift magnitude, with the maximum uplift increasing by 65%–80% when the pressure rises from 1.0 MPa to 2.0 MPa. The grouting range primarily governs uplift uniformity, and under optimal conditions, the differential uplift can be controlled within 1.5 mm. This study elucidates a grouting design method based on precise damage assessment, providing a theoretical foundation for the "targeted treatment" and parameter optimization in tunnel rehabilitation. metro tunnel water leakage grouting uplift pore water pressure numerical simulation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8131805","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":584818346,"identity":"d160ee07-5b65-4802-82f7-3f2f7cf41f87","order_by":0,"name":"Zherui Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dalian Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zherui","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":584818347,"identity":"6380b30e-9fbb-4be2-85bd-0b3bc64331e6","order_by":1,"name":"Shuai 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Based on elastoplastic damage theory, a damage variable characterizing material degradation is introduced to accurately represent the cumulative damage phenomenon in the lining under long-term cyclic loading. Considering both non-uniform damage and the time-varying characteristics of soil pore water pressure, an equivalent pore pressure model is incorporated. Through fluid-solid coupling calculations, the control mechanisms of grouting parameters on the evolution of the pore pressure field are systematically analyzed. The research results effectively address the issues of non-uniform damage and leakage in metro tunnel linings within water-rich soft-hard composite strata under long-term dynamic loads. Data indicate that grouting pressure is the dominant factor controlling uplift magnitude, with the maximum uplift increasing by 65%\u0026ndash;80% when the pressure rises from 1.0 MPa to 2.0 MPa. 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