KmerKeys: a web resource for searching indexed genome assemblies and variants

ABSTRACT K-mers are short DNA sequences that are used for genome sequence analysis. Applications that use k-mers include genome assembly and alignment. Despite these current applications, the wider bioinformatic use of k-mers in has challenges related to the massive scale of genomic sequence data. A single human genome assembly has billions of these short sequences. The sheer amount of computation for effective use of k-mer information is enormous, particularly when involving multiple genome assemblies. To address these issues, we developed a new k-mer indexing data structure based on a hash table tuned for the lookup of k-mer keys. This web application, referred to as KmerKeys ( https://kmerkeys.dgi-stanford.org/ ), provides performant, rapid query speeds for cloud computation on genome assemblies. We enable fuzzy as well as exact k-mer-based searches of assemblies. To enable robust and speedy performance, the website implements cache-friendly hash tables, memory mapping and massive parallel processing. Our method employs a scalable and efficient data structure that can be used to jointly index and search a large collection of human genome assembly information. One can include variant databases and their associated metadata such as the gnomAD population variant catalog. This feature enables the incorporation of future genomic information into sequencing analysis.