Association Between Sexual Behaviour and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study

Association Between Sexual Behaviour and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Association Between Sexual Behaviour and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study Hyunkyu Kim, Wonjeong Jeong, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, Youseok Kim This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : Depression and suicide in adolescents have become leading problems both from the public health and socioeconomic aspects. In this context, determining the connection between adolescent behaviour and depression, which can serve as the basis of strategies to reduce the prevalence of depression, is important. Here, we investigated the association between sexual behaviour and depression in a sample of South Korean adolescents. Methods : Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data from 2017 to 2019 served as the basis of this cross-sectional study. The data of 178,664 participants were analysed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results : After adjusting for covariates (adjusted odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.59–1.83 in males, adjusted odds ratio: 1.47, confidence interval: 1.33–1.61 in females), the prevalence of depression was higher in participants with experience of sexual intercourse. On categorising subjects into two groups based on suicidality, subjects with sexual intercourse experience had higher odds ratios for severe depression with suicidality than milder depression. Conclusion : In this study, we identified the relationship between sexual behaviour and the prevalence of depression; adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were more likely to have severe depression with suicidality. Further research using prospective designs should serve as the basis of appropriate sex education policies to manage the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression. Psychiatry Depression Suicide Sex Sexual behaviour Adolescents Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey Figures Figure 1 Background Globally, depression and suicidal behaviour in adolescents are becoming a major social problem with huge economic repercussions [1]. In the United States, 13.3% of adolescents reported more than one symptom of major depressive episodes, and the prevalence of depression in older adolescents stood at 25% [2, 3]. A cross-national study in the United States reported high rates of suicidal ideation in youths, ranging from 24% to 29.8%, with between 3.1% and 8.8% having made suicide attempts [4]. As demonstrated by these statistics, suicide is a serious concern, one that is now the second leading cause of death in the United States [5, 6]. The situation in the Republic of Korea is similar. In a 2016 survey, 19.7% of male students and 27.8% of female students reported that they had experienced depression [7]. The 2018 cause of death statistics by the South Korean government showed that suicide was the first cause of death in teenagers, with a prevalence of 5.8 in 100,000 [8]. Thus, the appropriate management of depression and suicide is an important public health concern. Adolescence is a period of physical, mental, and emotional growth when values and personality are malleable to change; therefore, the identification and management of factors affecting the occurrence of depression in this population is of the utmost significance. As previously mentioned, adolescence is a critical period for not only physical growth but also psychosexual development, including sexual identity and orientation. Thus, sexual behaviours during this period can have significant mental and social impacts. In the past, studies have examined the physical and psychological effects of adolescent sexual behaviour. In this context, Vasilenko et al. suggested a conceptual framework for the effects of sexual behaviour on mental, physical, and social health [9]. They posited that sex could be a more negative experience for early adolescents than older teenagers. Another study on 7th to 12th graders in the United States reported that sexual behaviour increased the odds ratios (ORs) of depression and suicidality, and that this effect was compounded when combined with drug abuse [10]. These studies, though limited in scope and sample sizes, suggest that sexual behaviour in adolescents can result in depression. Sexual behaviour can have a greater impact on adolescents than other age groups, and the intensity can vary depending on the cultural and social climate. South Korea is relatively conservative with regard to sex; sexual activity among youths is viewed particularly negatively, as demonstrated by a survey comparing the sexual behaviours and consciousness of South Korean and Dutch adolescents [11]. The concept of chastity is important to South Koreans, and there is a general trend toward the suppression of sexual desires. However, considering the rise in sexual activity among adolescents, as demonstrated by the decrease in the average age for the initiation of sexual activity in middle and high school students from 14.3 years in 2011 to 13.3 years in 2014, the impact of adolescent sexual behaviour on psychiatric symptoms such as depression is increasing [12]. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a detailed and large-scale examination of the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sexual behaviour and depression in a large sample of South Korean adolescents, after adjusting for covariates associated with depression prevalence. Furthermore, we aimed to identify differences in the severity of depression based on the presence or absence of sexual behaviour. Methods Study population and data The data analysed in this study were obtained from the 2017–2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The purpose of this survey, which targets middle and high school students, is to evaluate the health status and health behaviour of South Korean adolescents in order to provide basic data for the formulation of health policies. The anonymous survey is conducted annually with about 400 high schools and 400 middle schools. Survey items are variable to change slightly every year, and weight values are suggested for combined analysis for several years. Design The study employed a cross-sectional design. Measures Depression Participants were asked whether they had experienced depressive feelings that interfered with daily life for more than two weeks in the previous year. As the KYRBS did not directly measure depression severity, we divided participants into depression severity groups based on suicidality: a) those with mild depression, who had not experienced any suicidal ideation, planning, or attempts, and b) those with severe depression, who had experienced suicidal ideation, planning, or attempts within the previous 12 months. Sexual behaviour Sexual behaviour was assessed through questions such as whether the participants had ever engaged in sexual intercourse and whether they had received sex education through any means in the previous 12 months. Participants who indicated that they had experience of sexual intercourse were asked about contraceptive methods. Covariates Age, socioeconomic status, academic grades, and family structure were included in the sociodemographic covariates. Socioeconomic status was categorised as high, middle, or low, and based on family structure, we classified participants as either having one or both parents or none. The analysis was also adjusted for health-related covariates including smoking status, alcohol use, perceived stress level, and self-reported health status. Statistical analysis Chi-square tests were used to analyse and compare the variables. To examine the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression, we conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the combined associations of sexual behaviour and other covariates with depression. Subjects with depression were divided into two groups, and the difference in the relationship of sexual intercourse with the two severity groups was analysed. The results are presented as ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the prevalence of depression. The analyses were performed with stratified sampling variables (strata) and weighted variables suggested by the KYRBS. All analyses were carried out using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA), and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The general characteristics of the study population stratified by gender are presented in Table 1. A total of 178,664 participants including 91,309 males and 87,355 females were included in the analysis. Among them, 20.7% of males and 31.3% of females reported having experienced depression in the previous year. Participants who had sexual intercourse experience reported higher rates of depression regardless of gender. Older students reported higher rates of depression than their younger counterparts. Low socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of depression than middle and high socioeconomic status. Higher perceived stress was associated with a greater prevalence of depression. Family structure, school grade, alcohol status, smoking status, physical activity, and self-reported health status were additionally identified as being statistically significantly associated with depression. Experience of sex education was not statistically correlated with depression. Table 2 shows the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis between depression and sexual intercourse experience. After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of depression was higher in participants of both genders with sexual intercourse experience (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.59–1.83 in males, adjusted OR: 1.47, CI: 1.33–1.61 in females). After adjusting for covariates, higher age was associated with lower depression. Regardless of gender, the absence of both parents was statistically associated with depressive experience. Other covariates including socioeconomic status, school grade, alcohol/smoking status, physical activity, perceived stress level, self-reported health status, and sex education experience were also correlated with depression, as shown in Table 3. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the combined associations of sexual intercourse experience and other sociodemographic variables with depression, as shown in Table 3. Sexual experience was correlated with a high prevalence of depression in every subgroup except sex education. Participants with sexual intercourse experience showed higher ORs for depression whether they attended sex education. However, this was not statistically significant in females without sex education experience (OR: 1.16, CI: 0.95–1.43). The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses, conducted after dividing participants into the mild and severe depression groups, are presented in Table 4 and Figure 1. Regardless of gender, participants with sexual intercourse experience showed higher ORs for severe depression with suicidality than milder depression. Discussion In this investigation of a sample of South Korean adolescents, we identified that depression was associated with experience of sexual intercourse. Furthermore, we found that sexual intercourse experience had a stronger association with severe depression with suicidality than with milder depression without suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. These results did not differ by gender and remained consistent after adjusting for covariates and subgrouping by sociodemographic variables. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sexual behaviour and depression or suicidal ideation in smaller samples. Hallfors et al. reported a statistically significant relationship between sex dabbler with depression (OR : 2.65) and suicidal ideation (OR: 2.53) [10]. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, with the questions pertaining to the past year, similar to our study. Depression in youths has different characteristics comparing to adults, including conduct behaviours. It is widely known that risky behaviours, including sexual activity and drug abuse, are consequences of depression. In fact, Kessler et al. hypothesised that such behaviours act as self-medication in adolescents with depression [13]. Conversely, studies suggest that these behaviours have biological and psychological effects that increase the risk of depression [14]. According to Hallfors et al., it is more reasonable to conclude that depression occurs later and as a consequence of sex and drug abuse because depression itself did not increase the risk of sex and drug abuse; instead, those with more risky behaviours had a stronger association with depression [15]. In our study, while we could not deduce causality in the relationship between sexual intercourse and depression in adolescents, it is reasonable to conclude that depression occurred after sexual intercourse because the survey asked about depression only within the past year while there was no such limitation on their reports of sexual intercourse. As the KYRBS did not use an instrument to measure depression severity, we divided the participants into two groups based on suicidality: milder depression without suicidality and severe depression with suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. The higher ORs of severe depression indicate a possible positive correlation, in that greater sexual behaviour could increase the severity of depression. Thus, the appropriate management of adolescents with sexual experience is important to prevent them from experiencing severe depression. Previous studies have suggested the need for abstinence programmes for students; these include delaying sexual intercourse in early adolescents on the grounds that it is associated with depression [16]. Conversely, some researchers are of the opinion that just abstinence is not effective, and that there is a need for more comprehensive research to plan proper sexual education that prevents depression in adolescents [17]. In the present study’s subgroup analysis, there was no difference in depression prevalence between participants in early and late adolescence, which also supports the idea that just delaying sexual experience is not the solution. Also, in subgroup analysis with sex education, the prevalence of depression was higher in the group that had received sex education than the group that had not. Thus, conventional sex education in South Korea might not be successful at preventing depression associated with sexual intercourse. Simply delaying sexual intercourse or portraying it as something negative cannot prevent depression but even induce the symptom. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate sex education that can alleviate the risk of depression in adolescents. This study has several limitations. First, the use of cross-sectional data prevents causal inferences regarding the relationship between sexual intercourse and depression prevalence in adolescents. Second, as the data were collected through a self-reported web-based survey, the possibility of recall bias or the participants having misunderstood some questions cannot be eliminated. Especially, the answers about socioeconomic status might lack accuracy because of the participants’ lack of understanding of their parents’ economic condition. Conversely, the results are based on subjectively reported economic status, which can more accurately reflect depressive feelings than objectively reported data. Third, as the survey targeted youths, questionnaire was kept deliberately simple and did not include a scale for assessing depressive symptoms. Conclusions In conclusion, this study identified the relationship between sexual behaviour and the prevalence of depression; adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were more likely to have severe depression with suicidality. There is a need for further research using prospective designs to identify cause and effect in this relationship. Further, the formulation of appropriate sex education policies based on a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the variables is necessary to alleviate the effect of sexual intercourse on depression in adolescents. Abbreviations CI: confidence interval KYRBS: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey OR: odds ratio Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate KYRBS survey provided informed consent to every participant. As the KYRBS provides de-identified and publicly accessible data, ethical approval was not required for the current study. Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials The data analysed in this study were obtained from the 2017–2019 KYRBS, which is available to the public. All data can be downloaded from the KYRBS official website (https://www.kdca.go.kr/yhs/home.jsp). Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding No funding was received for this manuscript. Authors’ contributions YSK conceived, designed, and directed the study. HK and WJ conducted the statistical analysis. HK interpreted the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ECP and SIJ were in charge of revising the manuscript. All authors participated sufficiently in the work and take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Acknowledgements The authors appreciate Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey for the approval of using the KYRBS data. Authors’ information Affiliations Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyunkyu Kim, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyunkyu Kim, Wonjeong Jeong, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, Youseok Kim Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hyunkyu Kim, Youseok Kim Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Wonjeong Jeong Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Youseok Kim Corresponding author Correspondence to Youseok Kim References Lynch FL, Clarke GN. 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Sexually Active Teenagers Are More Likely To Be Depressed and To Attempt Suicide. A Report of the Heritage Center for Data Analysis. 2003. Sabia JJ. Does early adolescent sex cause depressive symptoms? J Policy Anal Manage. 2006;25(4):803-25. Tables Table 1. Socioeconomic and health-related characteristics according to the presence/absence of depression Variables Male (n = 91309) Female (n = 87355) Depression No depression p-value Depression No depression p-value n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) Sexual intercourse experience < 0.0001 < 0.0001 No 16607 (19.5) 68468 (80.5) 27063 (32.0) 57470 (68.0) Yes 2252 (36.1) 3982 (63.9) 1510 (53.5) 1312 (46.5) Age < 0.0001 < 0.0001 12–15 10116 (19.0) 43194 (81.0) 16126 (31.5) 35017 (68.5) 16–18 8743 (23.0) 29256 (77.0) 12447 (34.4) 23765 (65.6) Parents < 0.0001 < 0.0001 Both 15064 (20.1) 59742 (79.9) 24400 (32.2) 51434 (67.8) Single 969 (24.4) 3001 (75.6) 1456 (38.1) 2365 (61.9) Neither 2826 (22.5) 9707 (77.5) 2717 (35.3) 4983 (64.7) Economic Status < 0.0001 < 0.0001 Low 3423 (29.1) 8351 (70.9) 5329 (43.6) 6889 (56.4) Middle 7754 (19.2) 32716 (80.8) 13355 (30.9) 29799 (69.1) High 7682 (19.7) 31383 (80.3) 9889 (30.9) 22095 (69.1) Grade < 0.0001 < 0.0001 High 6795 (18.4) 30044 (81.6) 9238 (28.4) 23274 (71.6) Middle 4978 (19.3) 20796 (80.7) 8275 (31.0) 18383 (69.0) Low 7086 (24.7) 21610 (75.3) 11060 (39.2) 17125 (60.8) Alcohol Consumption < 0.0001 < 0.0001 Never 8293 (16.0) 43477 (84.0) 15277 (27.2) 40845 (72.8) Yes 10566 (26.7) 28973 (73.3) 13296 (42.6) 17937 (57.4) Smoking Experience < 0.0001 < 0.0001 No 13617 (18.3) 60710 (81.7) 25159 (31.1) 55830 (68.9) Yes 5242 (30.9) 11740 (69.1) 3414 (53.6) 2952 (46.4) Physical Activity < 0.0001 < 0.0001 Low 9196 (20.0) 36811 (80.0) 21619 (32.2) 45589 (67.8) High 9663 (21.3) 35639 (78.7) 6954 (34.5) 13193 (65.5) Perceived Stress Level < 0.0001 < 0.0001 Low 1376 (5.9) 21977 (94.1) 871 (7.7) 10477 (92.3) Middle 5919 (14.9) 33675 (85.1) 6844 (19.9) 27608 (80.1) High 11564 (40.8) 16798 (59.2) 20858 (50.2) 20697 (49.8) Self-Reported Health Status < 0.0001 < 0.0001 High 12567 (17.9) 57755 (82.1) 15307 (26.6) 42194 (73.4) Middle 4429 (27.3) 11799 (72.7) 9166 (40.5) 13458 (59.5) Low 1863 (39.1) 2896 (60.9) 4100 (56.7) 3130 (43.3) Sex Education 0.2458 0.3517 Yes 14310 (20.6) 55267 (79.4) 22897 (32.6) 47262 (67.4) No 4549 (20.9) 17183 (79.1) 5676 (33.0) 11520 (67.0) Participants 18859 (20.7) 72450 (79.3) 28573 (31.3) 58782 (64.4) Variables are presented as numbers and percentages. Table 2. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between sexual behaviour and depression Variables Male Female Depressed Depressed Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Sexual intercourse experience No 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.71 (1.59 – 1.83) 1.47 (1.33 –1.61 ) Age 12–15 1.00 1.00 16–18 0.95 (0.91 –0.99 ) 0.83 (0.79 –0.86 ) Parents Both 1.00 1.00 Single 1.05 (0.96 –1.15 ) 1.03 (0.94 –1.13 ) Neither 1.13 (1.07 –1.20 ) 1.09 (1.02 –1.16 ) Economic Status Low 1.00 1.00 Middle 0.79 (0.74 –0.83 ) 0.80 (0.76 –0.84 ) High 0.90 (0.85 –0.96 ) 0.91 (0.86 –0.96 ) Grade High 1.00 1.00 Middle 1.07 (1.02 –1.13) 1.13 (1.08 –1.18 ) Low 1.18 (1.13 –1.24 ) 1.32 (1.27 –1.38 ) Alcohol Consumption Never 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.47 (1.41 –1.53 ) 1.60 (1.54 –1.66 ) Smoking Experience No 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.34 (1.27 –1.41 ) 1.51 (1.41 –1.62 ) Physical Activity Low 1.00 1.00 High 1.25 (1.20 –1.31 ) 1.23 (1.18 –1.28 ) Perceived Stress Level Low 1.00 1.00 Middle 0.28 (0.27 –0.29 ) 0.28 (0.27 –0.29 ) High 0.10 (0.10 –0.11 ) 0.10 (0.09 –0.11 ) Self-Reported Health Status High 1.00 1.00 Middle 1.27 (1.21– 1.33 ) 1.39 (1.34 –1.45 ) Low 1.77 (1.64 –1.90 ) 2.11 (1.99 –2.24 ) Sex Education Yes 1.00 1.00 No 0.93 (0.88 –0.97 ) 0.92 (0.88 –0.97 ) OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval Table 3. Subgroup analysis of the association between sexual behaviour and depression stratified by sociodemographic variables Variables Male Female Sexual intercourse (-) Sexual intercourse (+) Sexual intercourse (-) Sexual intercourse (+) Adjusted OR Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR Adjusted OR 95% CI Age 12–15 1.00 1.79 (1.58 –2.01 ) 1.00 1.46 (1.22 –1.75 ) 16–18 1.00 1.69 (1.55 –1.84 ) 1.00 1.51 (1.34 –1.69 ) Parents Both 1.00 1.70 (1.57 –1.84 ) 1.00 1.49 (1.34 –1.65 ) Single 1.00 2.40 (1.81 –3.19 ) 1.00 1.69 (1.19 –2.40 ) Neither 1.00 1.56 (1.33 –1.84 ) 1.00 1.23 (0.93 –1.62 ) Economic Status Low 1.00 1.93 (1.64 –2.26 ) 1.00 1.45 (1.20 –1.74 ) Middle 1.00 1.73 (1.54 –1.94 ) 1.00 1.57 (1.35 –1.82 ) High 1.00 1.60 (1.45 –1.78 ) 1.00 1.36 (1.14 –1.63 ) Grade High 1.00 1.81 (1.61 –2.04 ) 1.00 1.42 (1.18–1.70 ) Middle 1.00 1.57 (1.36 –1.80 ) 1.00 1.65 (1.36 –2.00 ) Low 1.00 1.71 (1.52 –1.91 ) 1.00 1.40 (1.22 –1.61 ) Alcohol Consumption Never 1.00 1.75 (1.51 –2.03 ) 1.00 1.65 (1.33 –2.06 ) Yes 1.00 1.72 (1.59 –1.85 ) 1.00 1.44 (1.29 –1.60 ) Smoking Experience Never 1.00 1.90 (1.72 –2.10 ) 1.00 1.56 (1.37 –1.78 ) Yes 1.00 1.59 (1.45 –1.75 ) 1.00 1.39 (1.20 –1.60 ) Physical Activity Low 1.00 1.82 (1.64 –2.01 ) 1.00 1.38 (1.24 –1.54 ) High 1.00 1.62 (1.47 –1.78 ) 1.00 1.76 (1.44 –2.15 ) Perceived Stress Level Low 1.00 1.59 (1.44 –1.75 ) 1.00 1.39 (1.22 –1.57 ) Middle 1.00 1.69 (1.51 –1.89 ) 1.00 1.51 (1.28 –1.79 ) High 1.00 2.31 (1.91 –2.80 ) 1.00 1.76 (1.19 –2.58 ) Self-Reported Health Status High 1.00 1.66 (1.52 –1.80 ) 1.00 1.49 (1.31 –1.70 ) Middle 1.00 1.90 (1.63 –2.23 ) 1.00 1.52 (1.28 –1.81 ) Low 1.00 1.72 (1.35 –2.20 ) 1.00 1.27 (0.98 –1.63) Sex Education Yes 1.00 1.79 (1.65 –1.94 ) 1.00 1.58 (1.41 –1.77 ) No 1.00 1.52 (1.33 –1.73 ) 1.00 1.16 (0.95 –1.43 ) OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval Table 4. Subgroup analysis of association between mild and severe depression and sexual behaviour Variables Male Female Mild depression (n = 6290) Severe depression (n = 12569) Mild depression (n = 11290) Severe depression (n = 17283) Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Sexual intercourse experience No 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Yes 1.49 (1.37–1.61) 2.16 (1.95–2.38) 1.25 (1.12–1.40) 1.80 (1.57–2.06) OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-113965","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":5167365,"identity":"7be280ed-04b0-4ef4-b418-b88291ece2f8","order_by":0,"name":"Hyunkyu Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hyunkyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":5167367,"identity":"5f8749a7-1591-487b-a087-df69b3af8803","order_by":1,"name":"Wonjeong Jeong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wonjeong","middleName":"","lastName":"Jeong","suffix":""},{"id":5167369,"identity":"9e17c1d5-ac14-46bc-ad68-6710241c2554","order_by":2,"name":"Sung-In Jang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sung-In","middleName":"","lastName":"Jang","suffix":""},{"id":5167371,"identity":"42fcd806-d347-45ea-8bd8-1e7db0173c60","order_by":3,"name":"Eun-Cheol Park","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eun-Cheol","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""},{"id":5167372,"identity":"2b746fd8-9c5a-4c9e-8569-6edd056cbb03","order_by":4,"name":"Youseok Kim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCRDBU8HAYECiljMka+FtI0WL5Iz0pxvezjucuJ3/AOOHH8RokZbIMbs5d9vhxJ0zEpgle4jRIieRw3abF6hlww2gfqIcJieR/uw27xyglvMHmH8TpUVaIsHsNm8DUMuBBDbibJHseWN2c86xdOMNNxLbLInyi8Tx9Gc33tRYy244f/jwDaJCjEEgAUQ2AzFjA1EaGBj4D4DIOiJVj4JRMApGwYgEAPcgN/bv4fnFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youseok","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-11-23 01:59:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":3925961,"identity":"cc5bffb2-efc7-4161-afb9-f38c1b3b324e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-12-01 17:37:28","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38858,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Odds ratios of mild depression without suicidality and severe depression with suicidal ideation, planning, and attempt history. The group without depression serves as the reference.","description":"","filename":"Figure1.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-113965/v1/f716e52488805beeb59ca6f6.PNG"},{"id":13620972,"identity":"5ee09368-9aaf-4868-9421-4d43c3082875","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 07:08:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":998578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-113965/v1/4d7b12e6-ac15-4733-8441-7adcef3b8d83.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAssociation Between Sexual Behaviour and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eGlobally, depression and suicidal behaviour in adolescents are becoming a major social problem with huge economic repercussions\u0026nbsp;[1]. In the United States, 13.3% of adolescents reported more than one symptom of major depressive episodes, and the prevalence of depression in older adolescents stood at 25%\u0026nbsp;[2, 3]. A cross-national study in the United States reported high rates of suicidal ideation in youths, ranging from 24% to 29.8%, with between 3.1% and 8.8% having made suicide attempts\u0026nbsp;[4]. As demonstrated by these statistics, suicide is a serious concern, one that is now the second leading cause of death in the United States\u0026nbsp;[5, 6].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe situation in the Republic of Korea is similar. In a 2016 survey, 19.7% of male students and 27.8% of female students reported that they had experienced depression\u0026nbsp;[7]. The 2018 cause of death statistics by the South Korean government showed that suicide was the first cause of death in teenagers, with a prevalence of 5.8 in 100,000\u0026nbsp;[8]. Thus, the appropriate management of depression and suicide is an important public health concern. Adolescence is a period of physical, mental, and emotional growth when values and personality are malleable to change; therefore, the identification and management of factors affecting the occurrence of depression in this population is of the utmost significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs previously mentioned, adolescence is a critical period for not only physical growth but also psychosexual development, including sexual identity and orientation. Thus, sexual behaviours during this period can have significant mental and social impacts. In the past, studies have examined the physical and psychological effects of adolescent sexual behaviour. In this context, Vasilenko et al. suggested a conceptual framework for the effects of sexual behaviour on mental, physical, and social health\u0026nbsp;[9]. They posited that sex could be a more negative experience for early adolescents than older teenagers. Another study on 7th to 12th graders in the United States reported that sexual behaviour increased the odds ratios (ORs) of depression and suicidality, and that this effect was compounded when combined with drug abuse\u0026nbsp;[10]. These studies, though limited in scope and sample sizes, suggest that sexual behaviour in adolescents can result in depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSexual behaviour can have a greater impact on adolescents than other age groups, and the intensity can vary depending on the cultural and social climate. South Korea is relatively conservative with regard to sex; sexual activity among youths is viewed particularly negatively, as demonstrated by a survey comparing the sexual behaviours and consciousness of South Korean and Dutch adolescents\u0026nbsp;[11]. The concept of chastity is important to South Koreans, and there is a general trend toward the suppression of sexual desires. However, considering the rise in sexual activity among adolescents, as demonstrated by the decrease in the average age for the initiation of sexual activity in middle and high school students from 14.3 years in 2011 to 13.3 years in 2014, the impact of adolescent sexual behaviour on psychiatric symptoms such as depression is increasing\u0026nbsp;[12]. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a detailed and large-scale examination of the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression in adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between sexual behaviour and depression in a large sample of South Korean adolescents, after adjusting for covariates associated with depression prevalence. Furthermore, we aimed to identify differences in the severity of depression based on the presence or absence of sexual behaviour.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy population and data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data analysed in this study were obtained from the 2017\u0026ndash;2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The purpose of this survey, which targets middle and high school students, is to evaluate the health status and health behaviour of South Korean adolescents in order to provide basic data for the formulation of health policies. The anonymous survey is conducted annually with about 400 high schools and 400 middle schools. Survey items are variable to change slightly every year, and weight values are suggested for combined analysis for several years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study employed a cross-sectional design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were asked whether they had experienced depressive feelings that interfered with daily life for more than two weeks in the previous year. As the KYRBS did not directly measure depression severity, we divided participants into depression severity groups based on suicidality: a) those with mild depression, who had not experienced any suicidal ideation, planning, or attempts, and b) those with severe depression, who had experienced suicidal ideation, planning, or attempts within the previous 12 months.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual behaviour\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSexual behaviour was assessed through questions such as whether the participants had ever engaged in sexual intercourse and whether they had received sex education through any means in the previous 12 months. Participants who indicated that they had experience of sexual intercourse were asked about contraceptive methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCovariates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge, socioeconomic status, academic grades, and family structure were included in the sociodemographic covariates. Socioeconomic status was categorised as high, middle, or low, and based on family structure, we classified participants as either having one or both parents or none. The analysis was also adjusted for health-related covariates including smoking status, alcohol use, perceived stress level, and self-reported health status.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-square tests were used to analyse and compare the variables. To examine the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression, we conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the combined associations of sexual behaviour and other covariates with depression. Subjects with depression were divided into two groups, and the difference in the relationship of sexual intercourse with the two severity groups was analysed. The results are presented as ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the prevalence of depression. The analyses were performed with stratified sampling variables (strata) and weighted variables suggested by the KYRBS. All analyses were carried out using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA), and p-values \u0026lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe general characteristics of the study population stratified by gender are presented in Table 1. A total of 178,664 participants including 91,309 males and 87,355 females were included in the analysis. Among them, 20.7% of males and 31.3% of females reported having experienced depression in the previous year. Participants who had sexual intercourse experience reported higher rates of depression regardless of gender. Older students reported higher rates of depression than their younger counterparts. Low socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of depression than middle and high socioeconomic status. Higher perceived stress was associated with a greater prevalence of depression. Family structure, school grade, alcohol status, smoking status, physical activity, and self-reported health status were additionally identified as being statistically significantly associated with depression. Experience of sex education was not statistically correlated with depression.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 shows the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis between depression and sexual intercourse experience. After adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of depression was higher in participants of both genders with sexual intercourse experience (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.59\u0026ndash;1.83 in males, adjusted OR: 1.47, CI: 1.33\u0026ndash;1.61 in females). After adjusting for covariates, higher age was associated with lower depression. Regardless of gender, the absence of both parents was statistically associated with depressive experience. Other covariates including socioeconomic status, school grade, alcohol/smoking status, physical activity, perceived stress level, self-reported health status, and sex education experience were also correlated with depression, as shown in Table 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSubgroup analyses were conducted to assess the combined associations of sexual intercourse experience and other sociodemographic variables with depression, as shown in Table 3. Sexual experience was correlated with a high prevalence of depression in every subgroup except sex education. Participants with sexual intercourse experience showed higher ORs for depression whether they attended sex education. However, this was not statistically significant in females without sex education experience (OR: 1.16, CI: 0.95\u0026ndash;1.43).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of multivariate logistic regression analyses, conducted after dividing participants into the mild and severe depression groups, are presented in Table 4 and Figure 1. Regardless of gender, participants with sexual intercourse experience showed higher ORs for severe depression with suicidality than milder depression.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this investigation of a sample of South Korean adolescents, we identified that depression was associated with experience of sexual intercourse. Furthermore, we found that sexual intercourse experience had a stronger association with severe depression with suicidality than with milder depression without suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. These results did not differ by gender and remained consistent after adjusting for covariates and subgrouping by sociodemographic variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have demonstrated associations between sexual behaviour and depression or suicidal ideation in smaller samples. Hallfors et al. reported a statistically significant relationship between sex dabbler with depression (OR : 2.65) and suicidal ideation (OR: 2.53)\u0026nbsp;[10]. Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, with the questions pertaining to the past year, similar to our study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDepression in youths has different characteristics comparing to adults, including conduct behaviours. It is widely known that risky behaviours, including sexual activity and drug abuse, are consequences of depression. In fact, Kessler et al. hypothesised that such behaviours act as self-medication in adolescents with depression\u0026nbsp;[13]. Conversely, studies suggest that these behaviours have biological and psychological effects that increase the risk of depression\u0026nbsp;[14]. According to Hallfors et al., it is more reasonable to conclude that depression occurs later and as a consequence of sex and drug abuse because depression itself did not increase the risk of sex and drug abuse; instead, those with more risky behaviours had a stronger association with depression\u0026nbsp;[15]. In our study, while we could not deduce causality in the relationship between sexual intercourse and depression in adolescents, it is reasonable to conclude that depression occurred after sexual intercourse because the survey asked about depression only within the past year while there was no such limitation on their reports of sexual intercourse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the KYRBS did not use an instrument to measure depression severity, we divided the participants into two groups based on suicidality: milder depression without suicidality and severe depression with suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. The higher ORs of severe depression indicate a possible positive correlation, in that greater sexual behaviour could increase the severity of depression. Thus, the appropriate management of adolescents with sexual experience is important to prevent them from experiencing severe depression. Previous studies have suggested the need for abstinence programmes for students; these include delaying sexual intercourse in early adolescents on the grounds that it is associated with depression\u0026nbsp;[16]. Conversely, some researchers are of the opinion that just abstinence is not effective, and that there is a need for more comprehensive research to plan proper sexual education that prevents depression in adolescents\u0026nbsp;[17]. In the present study\u0026rsquo;s subgroup analysis, there was no difference in depression prevalence between participants in early and late adolescence, which also supports the idea that just delaying sexual experience is not the solution. Also, in subgroup analysis with sex education, the prevalence of depression was higher in the group that had received sex education than the group that had not. Thus, conventional sex education in South Korea might not be successful at preventing depression associated with sexual intercourse. Simply delaying sexual intercourse or portraying it as something negative cannot prevent depression but even induce the symptom. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate sex education that can alleviate the risk of depression in adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, the use of cross-sectional data prevents causal inferences regarding the relationship between sexual intercourse and depression prevalence in adolescents. Second, as the data were collected through a self-reported web-based survey, the possibility of recall bias or the participants having misunderstood some questions cannot be eliminated. Especially, the answers about socioeconomic status might lack accuracy because of the participants\u0026rsquo; lack of understanding of their parents\u0026rsquo; economic condition. Conversely, the results are based on subjectively reported economic status, which can more accurately reflect depressive feelings than objectively reported data. Third, as the survey targeted youths, questionnaire was kept deliberately simple and did not include a scale for assessing depressive symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study identified the relationship between sexual behaviour and the prevalence of depression; adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were more likely to have severe depression with suicidality. There is a need for further research using prospective designs to identify cause and effect in this relationship. Further, the formulation of appropriate sex education policies based on a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the variables is necessary to alleviate the effect of sexual intercourse on depression in adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCI: confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKYRBS: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odds ratio\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKYRBS survey provided informed consent to every participant. As the KYRBS provides de-identified and publicly accessible data, ethical approval was not required for the current study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data analysed in this study were obtained from the 2017\u0026ndash;2019 KYRBS, which is available to the public. All data can be downloaded from the KYRBS official website (https://www.kdca.go.kr/yhs/home.jsp).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received for this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYSK conceived, designed, and directed the study. HK and WJ conducted the statistical analysis. HK interpreted the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ECP and SIJ were in charge of revising the manuscript. All authors participated sufficiently in the work and take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors appreciate Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey for the approval of using the KYRBS data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAffiliations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHyunkyu Kim, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstitute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHyunkyu Kim, Wonjeong Jeong, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, Youseok Kim\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepartment of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHyunkyu Kim, Youseok Kim\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepartment of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWonjeong Jeong\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepartment of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYouseok Kim\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorresponding author\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Youseok Kim\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLynch FL, Clarke GN. Estimating the Economic Burden of Depression in Children and Adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2006;31(6, Supplement 1):143-51.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbuse S. Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2017.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbuse S. Mental Health Services Administration. 2017. Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2017.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiologic reviews. 2008;30(1):133-54.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurtin SC, Warner M, Hedegaard H. Increase in suicide in the United States, 1999-2014: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and\u0026nbsp;\u0026hellip;; 2016.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMokdad AH, Forouzanfar MH, Daoud F, Mokdad AA, El Bcheraoui C, Moradi-Lakeh M, et al. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990\u0026ndash;2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2383-401.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYi Y, Pyo E, Jeong J, An J. Analysis of Individual, Social, and Environmental Factors influencing Korean Adolescents\u0026rsquo; Depression and Suicidal Ideation by Gender. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health. 2016;29:189-200.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKOSTAT. Causes of Death Statistics in 2018. In: Statistics Korea; 2019.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVasilenko SA, Lefkowitz ES, Welsh DP. Is sexual behavior healthy for adolescents? A conceptual framework for research on adolescent sexual behavior and physical, mental, and social health. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2014;2014(144):3-19.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHallfors DD, Waller MW, Ford CA, Halpern CT, Brodish PH, Iritani B. Adolescent depression and suicide risk: Association with sex and drug behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2004;27(3):224-31.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark E-H. A Comparative Study on Sexual Behaviors and Consciousness about Sex of Korean and Dutch Adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies. 2016;23:345-66.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKorea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The 11th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey. In; 2015.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKessler RC, Price RH. Primary prevention of secondary disorders: A proposal and agenda. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1993;21(5):607-33.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoodman E, Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics. 2000;106(4):748-55.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHallfors DD, Waller MW, Bauer D, Ford CA, Halpern CT. Which Comes First in Adolescence\u0026mdash;Sex and Drugs or Depression? American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005;29(3):163-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRector RE, Johnson KA, Noyes LR. Sexually Active Teenagers Are More Likely To Be Depressed and To Attempt Suicide. A Report of the Heritage Center for Data Analysis. 2003.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSabia JJ. Does early adolescent sex cause depressive symptoms? J Policy Anal Manage. 2006;25(4):803-25.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"12\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Socioeconomic and health-related characteristics according to the presence/absence of depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"174\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMale (n = 91309)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"171\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFemale (n = 87355)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"200\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual intercourse experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16607\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68468\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27063\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(32.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57470\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(68.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(36.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3982\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(63.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1510\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(53.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1312\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(46.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10116\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43194\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(81.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(31.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(68.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8743\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(23.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29256\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(77.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12447\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(34.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23765\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(65.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15064\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(20.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59742\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(79.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(32.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51434\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(67.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e969\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(24.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(75.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1456\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(38.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2365\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeither\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2826\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(22.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9707\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(77.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2717\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(35.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4983\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(64.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(29.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8351\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(70.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(43.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6889\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(56.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7754\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32716\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13355\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29799\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7682\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31383\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9889\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22095\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6795\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(18.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30044\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(81.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9238\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(28.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23274\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(71.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4978\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20796\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8275\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(31.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18383\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(69.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(24.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(75.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11060\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(39.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17125\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(60.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlcohol Consumption\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8293\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(16.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43477\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(84.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15277\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40845\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(72.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10566\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(26.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28973\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(73.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13296\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(42.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17937\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(57.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmoking Experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13617\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(18.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60710\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(81.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25159\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(31.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55830\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(68.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5242\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11740\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3414\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(53.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2952\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(46.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Activity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9196\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36811\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(32.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45589\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(67.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9663\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35639\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(78.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6954\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(34.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13193\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(65.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"158\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived Stress Level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1376\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21977\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(94.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e871\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10477\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(92.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5919\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(14.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(85.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6844\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(19.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27608\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(80.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11564\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(40.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16798\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(59.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20858\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(50.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20697\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(49.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"158\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Reported Health Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12567\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(17.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57755\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(82.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15307\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(26.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e42194\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(73.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4429\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(27.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11799\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(72.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9166\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(40.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13458\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(59.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1863\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(39.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2896\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(60.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(56.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3130\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(43.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex Education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2458\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3517\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14310\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(20.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55267\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(79.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e22897\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(32.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(67.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"34\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4549\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(20.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17183\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(79.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5676\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(33.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11520\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(67.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"115\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18859\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(20.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"45\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72450\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"44\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(79.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28573\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(31.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"43\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58782\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(64.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"56\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"12\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariables are presented as numbers and percentages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"643\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association between sexual behaviour and depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Male \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"246\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Female \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Depressed \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"246\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Depressed \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual intercourse experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.59 \u0026ndash; 1.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.33 \u0026ndash;1.61 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.91 \u0026ndash;0.99 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.79 \u0026ndash;0.86 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.96 \u0026ndash;1.15 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.94 \u0026ndash;1.13 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeither\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.07 \u0026ndash;1.20 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.02 \u0026ndash;1.16 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.74 \u0026ndash;0.83 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.76 \u0026ndash;0.84 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.85 \u0026ndash;0.96 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.86 \u0026ndash;0.96 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.02 \u0026ndash;1.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.08 \u0026ndash;1.18 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.13 \u0026ndash;1.24 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.27 \u0026ndash;1.38 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlcohol Consumption\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.41 \u0026ndash;1.53 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.54 \u0026ndash;1.66 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmoking Experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.27 \u0026ndash;1.41 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.41 \u0026ndash;1.62 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Activity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.20 \u0026ndash;1.31 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.18 \u0026ndash;1.28 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived Stress Level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.27 \u0026ndash;0.29 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.27 \u0026ndash;0.29 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.10 \u0026ndash;0.11 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.09 \u0026ndash;0.11 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Reported Health Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.21\u0026ndash; 1.33 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.34 \u0026ndash;1.45 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.64 \u0026ndash;1.90 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.99 \u0026ndash;2.24 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"198\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex Education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"39\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"160\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.88 \u0026ndash;0.97 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.88 \u0026ndash;0.97 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" width=\"650\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Subgroup analysis of the association between sexual behaviour and depression stratified by sociodemographic variables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"32\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"303\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Male \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" width=\"303\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Female \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual intercourse (-)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Sexual intercourse (+) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual intercourse (-)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"188\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Sexual intercourse (+) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.58 \u0026ndash;2.01 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.22 \u0026ndash;1.75 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.55 \u0026ndash;1.84 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.34 \u0026ndash;1.69 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.57 \u0026ndash;1.84 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.34 \u0026ndash;1.65 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.81 \u0026ndash;3.19 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.19 \u0026ndash;2.40 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeither\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.33 \u0026ndash;1.84 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.93 \u0026ndash;1.62 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEconomic Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.64 \u0026ndash;2.26 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.20 \u0026ndash;1.74 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.54 \u0026ndash;1.94 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.35 \u0026ndash;1.82 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.45 \u0026ndash;1.78 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.14 \u0026ndash;1.63 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.61 \u0026ndash;2.04 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.18\u0026ndash;1.70 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.36 \u0026ndash;1.80 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.36 \u0026ndash;2.00 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.52 \u0026ndash;1.91 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.22 \u0026ndash;1.61 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlcohol Consumption\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.51 \u0026ndash;2.03 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.33 \u0026ndash;2.06 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.59 \u0026ndash;1.85 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.29 \u0026ndash;1.60 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmoking Experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.72 \u0026ndash;2.10 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.37 \u0026ndash;1.78 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.45 \u0026ndash;1.75 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.20 \u0026ndash;1.60 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Activity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.64 \u0026ndash;2.01 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.24 \u0026ndash;1.54 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.47 \u0026ndash;1.78 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.44 \u0026ndash;2.15 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"226\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived Stress Level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.44 \u0026ndash;1.75 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.22 \u0026ndash;1.57 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.51 \u0026ndash;1.89 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.28 \u0026ndash;1.79 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.91 \u0026ndash;2.80 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.19 \u0026ndash;2.58 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"226\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Reported Health Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.52 \u0026ndash;1.80 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.31 \u0026ndash;1.70 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.63 \u0026ndash;2.23 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.28 \u0026ndash;1.81 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.35 \u0026ndash;2.20 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.98 \u0026ndash;1.63)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex Education\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.65 \u0026ndash;1.94 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.41 \u0026ndash;1.77 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.33 \u0026ndash;1.73 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"116\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(0.95 \u0026ndash;1.43 )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"42\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"116\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"49\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"32\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" width=\"672\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4. Subgroup analysis of association between mild and severe depression and sexual behaviour\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"277\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Male \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"281\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Female \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"127\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mild depression \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n = 6290) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"151\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Severe depression \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n = 12569) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"141\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Mild depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(n = 11290) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"141\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Severe depression \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n = 17283) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% CI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual intercourse experience\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"83\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"14\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"61\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.37\u0026ndash;1.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.95\u0026ndash;2.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"68\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.12\u0026ndash;1.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1.57\u0026ndash;2.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Depression, Suicide, Sex, Sexual behaviour, Adolescents, Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: Depression and suicide in adolescents have become leading problems both from the public health and socioeconomic aspects. In this context, determining the connection between adolescent behaviour and depression, which can serve as the basis of strategies to reduce the prevalence of depression, is important. Here, we investigated the association between sexual behaviour and depression in a sample of South Korean adolescents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data from 2017 to 2019 served as the basis of this cross-sectional study. The data of 178,664 participants were analysed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: After adjusting for covariates (adjusted odds ratio: 1.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.59–1.83 in males, adjusted odds ratio: 1.47, confidence interval: 1.33–1.61 in females), the prevalence of depression was higher in participants with experience of sexual intercourse. On categorising subjects into two groups based on suicidality, subjects with sexual intercourse experience had higher odds ratios for severe depression with suicidality than milder depression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e: In this study, we identified the relationship between sexual behaviour and the prevalence of depression; adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were more likely to have severe depression with suicidality. Further research using prospective designs should serve as the basis of appropriate sex education policies to manage the relationship between sexual behaviour and depression.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association Between Sexual Behaviour and Depression in South Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-12-01 17:37:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-113965/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d49fa60b-2f91-47f4-87bd-d533dc9263e2","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 1st, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":1229168,"name":"Psychiatry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-02-08T03:29:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-12-01 17:37:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-113965","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-113965","identity":"rs-113965","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}