Detection and Evaluation of Impact Damage in Carbon/Carbon Composites Using Ultrasonic Infrared Thermography

Detection and Evaluation of Impact Damage in Carbon/Carbon Composites Using Ultrasonic Infrared Thermography | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Detection and Evaluation of Impact Damage in Carbon/Carbon Composites Using Ultrasonic Infrared Thermography Emad Ghandourah, M. Z. Umar, Vladimir Vavilov, Arsenii Chulkov, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5113652/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents the application of an advanced thermal non-destructive testing method, known as piezoelectric transducer-based vibrothermography, for the real-time detection of hidden defects in a carbon/carbon (C/C) composite sample. The C/C sample, which contained twelve defects resulting from 5 J impact damage, was stimulated ultrasonically using four devices operating at frequencies of 22, 40, 60, and 100 kHz. The resultant surface temperature elevations associated with these defects were recorded and quantitatively analyzed using an infrared imager. Several critical issues that have not been adequately addressed in previous studies are examined in this work: 1) the efficiency of ultrasonic devices concerning the acoustic power absorbed by the test sample, including a novel methodology for measuring the ultrasonic energy absorbed; 2) the efficiency of ultrasonic devices in relation to stimulation frequency and total electric power; 3) the correlation between temperature signals in damaged areas and the power of ultrasonic excitation; 4) the quality of the contact between the transducer and the sample; 5) the distance between the stimulation point and a defect; and 6) the effectiveness of various image processing techniques in detecting low-power impact damage in C/C composites. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics impact damage carbon/carbon piezoelectric transducer vibrothermography data processing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 30 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5113652","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":437017376,"identity":"b831ea80-bca5-4b70-b33b-2cde5ec620a1","order_by":0,"name":"Emad Ghandourah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"King Abdulaziz University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emad","middleName":"","lastName":"Ghandourah","suffix":""},{"id":437017377,"identity":"18cefac3-c158-4dee-b391-fc86b86436e6","order_by":1,"name":"M. Z. 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