Beach stage identification for Aksa Beach (Malad, Mumbai) by analysing wave dynamics, grain size distribution and morphodynamic characteristics

Abstract The Aksa beach, located in the eastern suburb of Mumbai near Malad, is highly dynamic and experiences frequent spatial and temporal morphological changes, leading to sediment distribution issues and a high risk of drowning hazards. It is essential to identify the beach stage for effective beach management and reducing drowning risk. This study aims to assess the spatial and temporal morphological, sedimentological, and hydrodynamic characteristics of the beach to simplify the determination of its stage with morphodynamic features. Standard geomorphic techniques were used to collect and generate data related to variables such as slope, wave data, and sediment textural characteristics, which were analyzed using statistical techniques. The study utilized two morphodynamic indices, Fall velocity parameters (Ω) and Relative tide range parameters (RTR), to define the beach stage model. The Aksa beach was classified as an intermediate state with a low tide bar (LTB) and rip current, which helps in risk assessment and beach management decisions. The beach stage model is a useful tool for understanding the morphodynamic systems of a beach, and it should be used for easy identification and management of drowning incidents and beach environment.