A Full Time-Based Buck Converter with Adaptive Gain and Linear Feedforward Compensation

A Full Time-Based Buck Converter with Adaptive Gain and Linear Feedforward Compensation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Full Time-Based Buck Converter with Adaptive Gain and Linear Feedforward Compensation Hongyu Chen, Honghui Deng, Ming Chen, Wenchao Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7229591/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a full time-based high-frequency Buck converter with adaptive gain and linear feedforward control. The proposed architecture treats time as the processing variable, achieving wide input range and high power density without introducing additional quantization errors. It fully integrates PID control in the time domain, ensuring nearly constant loop gain crossover frequency across the entire input voltage range. The design is implemented in CSMC 250nm CMOS technology, with an input voltage range of 5-30V, regulated output voltage of 3.3V, and maximum output current of 1.5A. The post-regulation ripple current is 900µA. The total chip area is 1.5mm² (controller area: 0.4mm²). Simulation results demonstrate a 3.3X reduction in line transient response time and minimal input voltage dependence on control loop bandwidth. Buck Converter Adaptive Gain Compensation Linear Feedforward Time-Based Control Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7229591","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":507112991,"identity":"ae053fa6-879a-4b82-a982-2b062008e132","order_by":0,"name":"Hongyu Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC/o8PP/6R4OFnZj78gFg9xsaSDTZyku1saQbEajGT4G1IMzY4z6MgQZR6gxsJyQaSOw4nbj7Mw2DAUGMTTYyWgw8KzxxO3HaY98ADhmNpuQ2EtSQ2G0iwgbTwJRgwNhwmRksymwQPUMvmZh4DCSK1pLFJ8LYBvc9MrBbJM2+YjSXO2MhJHAYGcgIxfuE7nsP48EMFMCr7Dx9+8KHGhrAWhQPIvARCykFAnqCho2AUjIJRMAoAszZCQUnB4+sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"合肥工业大学","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":507112992,"identity":"6d3d4494-6757-4923-afdc-8a8326fce268","order_by":1,"name":"Honghui Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"合肥工业大学","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Honghui","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":507112993,"identity":"d6728abc-48f3-4adb-8abf-33f1e04110f1","order_by":2,"name":"Ming Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"合肥工业大学","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ming","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":507112994,"identity":"9dcf75de-89f3-4377-9cfd-2475bfc63485","order_by":3,"name":"Wenchao Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"合肥工业大学","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenchao","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-28 04:23:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7229591/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7229591/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106727294,"identity":"23ddd50c-849c-4ecf-a030-4c73315f0b1d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-12 18:38:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":689285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FullTimeBasedBuckHongyuC.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7229591/v1_covered_59c9f291-ad1e-4496-9d63-10007e3a2597.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Full Time-Based Buck Converter with Adaptive Gain and Linear Feedforward Compensation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Buck Converter, Adaptive Gain Compensation, Linear Feedforward, Time-Based Control","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7229591/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7229591/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents a full time-based high-frequency Buck converter with adaptive gain and linear feedforward control. The proposed architecture treats time as the processing variable, achieving wide input range and high power density without introducing additional quantization errors. It fully integrates PID control in the time domain, ensuring nearly constant loop gain crossover frequency across the entire input voltage range. The design is implemented in CSMC 250nm CMOS technology, with an input voltage range of 5-30V, regulated output voltage of 3.3V, and maximum output current of 1.5A. The post-regulation ripple current is 900\u0026micro;A. The total chip area is 1.5mm\u0026sup2; (controller area: 0.4mm\u0026sup2;). 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