Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems

Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems Frederick Jones, Brian Barkdoll This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Since water distribution systems are so important to public health and many are leaking in unknown locations, a modeling study was performed to investigate the feasibility of installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in various locations throughout several systems. A PRV was tried in each pipe, one by one, and the total cost (energy costs plus opportunity costs of losing water that could have been sold) calculated. It was found that installing a PRV in the upstream pipes reduced costs the most and that putting a PRV in some pipes actually lost money due to the high cost of the PRV and associated fittings. Also, a PRV on the upstream portion of a large branch saved water leakage. Energy is saved when a PRV is placed near a pump for systems with high energy consumption. Sustainability Infrastructure Lifecycle Cost Analysis Optimization Water Supply Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files JonesBarkdollsuplementaldata.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 17 Oct, 2022 Reviews received at journal 28 Sep, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Sep, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Sep, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 08 Sep, 2022 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Sep, 2022 First submitted to journal 07 Sep, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2042959","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":135038301,"identity":"a0c24e63-3ae5-4b47-9739-c91ce4ada012","order_by":0,"name":"Frederick Jones","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Michigan Technological University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Frederick","middleName":"","lastName":"Jones","suffix":""},{"id":135038305,"identity":"02efc79b-3591-4f48-bb2c-764412e82d11","order_by":1,"name":"Brian Barkdoll","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAs0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYGZgYeBgsZfgifmWgtEjySDcykajE4QKwWc/azjw3eVEjwGF87f0yCocI6sYGQFsuedOPEOWckeMxuJ7NJMJxJJ6zF4EAa82HeNqgWxrbDRGg5/wyixXg2SMs/YrTcSGNOBmkxkAZpaSBCi+WMZ8yGIL9I3E42tkg4lm5MUIs5fxqzxJsKGzn+2YkPb3yosZYlqAUVJJCmfBSMglEwCkYBLgAAxmY0qGtCKBAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Michigan Technological University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Brian","middleName":"","lastName":"Barkdoll","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-09-07 20:59:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":26354354,"identity":"a1e9d00d-8627-4556-9ee6-050a84f7ec7d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-09-12 17:05:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":510228,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JonesBarkdollmanuscriptNov20211.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2042959/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":26354353,"identity":"7eb1db7f-d4df-402c-98b6-e55068c18df8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-09-12 17:05:38","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":33252,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JonesBarkdollsuplementaldata.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2042959/v1/9df4a54bc41b0dead2feab2c.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-2042959/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"water-conservation-science-and-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wcse","sideBox":"Learn more about [Water Conservation Science and Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/41101)","snPcode":"41101","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41101/3","title":"Water Conservation Science and Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Sustainability, Infrastructure, Lifecycle Cost Analysis, Optimization, Water Supply","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Since water distribution systems are so important to public health and many are leaking in unknown locations, a modeling study was performed to investigate the feasibility of installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in various locations throughout several systems. A PRV was tried in each pipe, one by one, and the total cost (energy costs plus opportunity costs of losing water that could have been sold) calculated. It was found that installing a PRV in the upstream pipes reduced costs the most and that putting a PRV in some pipes actually lost money due to the high cost of the PRV and associated fittings. Also, a PRV on the upstream portion of a large branch saved water leakage. Energy is saved when a PRV is placed near a pump for systems with high energy consumption.","manuscriptTitle":"Viability of Pressure Reducing Valves for Leak Reduction in Water Distribution Systems","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-09-12 17:05:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2042959/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2022-10-18T02:05:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-09-28T20:53:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"70319fcf-11cc-48fa-9aea-74855db4b618","date":"2022-09-19T13:10:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-09-13T23:25:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-09-08T06:05:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2022-09-08T06:05:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Water Conservation Science and Engineering","date":"2022-09-07T20:52:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"water-conservation-science-and-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wcse","sideBox":"Learn more about [Water Conservation Science and Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/41101)","snPcode":"41101","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41101/3","title":"Water Conservation Science and Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"db98ff52-3f2b-4545-b697-831e5894283b","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 12th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-11-11T07:29:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-09-12 17:05:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2042959","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2042959","identity":"rs-2042959","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}