M2 Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Nasal Diseases: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications

M2 Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Nasal Diseases: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 17 October 2025 V1 Latest version Share on M2 Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Nasal Diseases: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications Authors : Daoming Bai 0009-0009-7956-686X , Xu Zhang 0009-0009-3257-1012 , Zhiqiang Zhang , Mengyuan Liu , Xinyu Huang , Rui Yang , and Chunping Yang [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176072418.85691913/v1 199 views 110 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Macrophages—particularly alternatively activated M2 phenotypes—bridge the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in nasal mucosal disease and allergic airway disorders. Recent advances have delineated a complex signaling architecture governing M2 polarization, including JAK/STAT (STAT6 and STAT3), PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, Notch, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways, along with epigenetic and metabolic circuits. In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), M2 macrophages interact with epithelial and type 2 lymphoid compartments, exhibit defective bactericidal/autophagic functions, and contribute to tissue remodeling through coagulation and damage-associated signals. In allergic rhinitis and asthma, M2 programs orchestrate Th2 amplification, eosinophil recruitment, and airway remodeling, yet can also mediate resolution in appropriate contexts. We synthesize mechanistic insights and disease-specific roles, highlight therapeutic strategies that modulate M2 states, and outline outstanding gaps toward precise macrophage reprogramming in rhinologic disease. Supplementary Material File (m2 202506 222.docx) Download 1.07 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 17 October 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords allergy macrophage th1/th2 cells Authors Affiliations Daoming Bai 0009-0009-7956-686X Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Xu Zhang 0009-0009-3257-1012 Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Zhiqiang Zhang Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Mengyuan Liu Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Xinyu Huang Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Rui Yang Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Chunping Yang [email protected] Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 199 views 110 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Daoming Bai, Xu Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, et al. M2 Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Nasal Diseases: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications. Authorea . 17 October 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176072418.85691913/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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