Highly Shape-Morphable Origami Electromagnetic Waveguides

Highly Shape-Morphable Origami Electromagnetic Waveguides | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Highly Shape-Morphable Origami Electromagnetic Waveguides Nikhil Ashok, Sangwoo Suk, Sven G. Bilén, Xin Ning This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5530039/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Electromagnetic waveguides are used extensively in spacecraft, naval, electrical, and communication systems for transferring microwave energy from one point to another. Current electromagnetic waveguides are typically rigid, bulky structures with no or minimal shape adaptability. This construction poses challenges in using electromagnetic waveguides in highly confined spaces or systems requiring small storage volumes and high shape adaptability. This work reports a novel concept of highly shape-morphable origami electromagnetic waveguides that can fold, deploy, and change shapes. This research explores multiple designs inspired by origami folding techniques, including shopping bags and bellows designs. The numerical and experimental studies indicate that the origami waveguides exhibit low-loss, robust microwave energy transmission. These results demonstrate that the highly shape-morphable electromagnetic waveguides may effectively replace their rigid counterparts including straight, twisted, and bent waveguides. This research also employs a combined analytical and experimental approach to investigate the kinematics and mechanics of the origami electromagnetic waveguides with a focus on rectangular straight and twist bellows designs. This knowledge provides rigorous guidance for the structural design of origami electromagnetic waveguides. The engineering advancements and fundamental studies in this work lay the foundation for future adaptive microwave energy delivery waveguides. Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: N.A., S.G.B., and X.N. are the inventors of a patent application (PCT/US2024/011201). Supplementary Files OrigamiWaveguideSupplementaryCombined.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5530039","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":383025890,"identity":"6f94f041-03fe-488b-9bdb-03516400be8c","order_by":0,"name":"Nikhil Ashok","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nikhil","middleName":"","lastName":"Ashok","suffix":""},{"id":383025891,"identity":"240107a5-d530-4093-9026-46be45f75796","order_by":1,"name":"Sangwoo Suk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sangwoo","middleName":"","lastName":"Suk","suffix":""},{"id":383025892,"identity":"936c7451-425d-4929-8b31-39eaa98edfa1","order_by":2,"name":"Sven G. 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