Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review

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Nevertheless, research on natural disasters and medication preparedness in the elderly population is still lacking. This review aimed to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly. Methods A scoping review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search was conducted using the following four databases: Scopus, PubMed, Sage, and Google Scholar. Screening was conducted using the following criteria: articles written in English, open access, and published between 2020 and 2024. Articles must discuss natural disasters and medication preparedness. In the data search, we input several keywords that include “elderly,” “natural disaster,” “preparedness,” and “medication.” Snowballing was then conducted to find articles on preparedness interventions. Data extraction and analysis were then performed. Results and conclusion The findings from this literature review are the majority of studies showing that most elderly people are not well prepared in facing disasters; however, through various programs that have been implemented by either the government or community, the elderly show more preparation when they encounter any natural disaster. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1", "name": "Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping..." } } ] } Home Browse Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Yuliwulandari R, El Mahroos R, Febriawan Z et al. Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] Rika Yuliwulandari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-6280 1 , Rifda El Mahroos 2 , Zulfan Febriawan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-4691 2 , [...] Adi Wibowo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-1017 3 , Debrina Kusuma Devi 4 , Johan Danu Prasetya 5 , Tedy Agung Cahyadi 5 , Eko Teguh Paripurno 5 , Reza Pahlevi Ramadhani Arfindra Setiawan 6 , Hafiz T.A Khan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-3730 7,8 Rika Yuliwulandari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-6280 1 , Rifda El Mahroos 2 , [...] Zulfan Febriawan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-4691 2 , Adi Wibowo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-1017 3 , Debrina Kusuma Devi 4 , Johan Danu Prasetya 5 , Tedy Agung Cahyadi 5 , Eko Teguh Paripurno 5 , Reza Pahlevi Ramadhani Arfindra Setiawan 6 , Hafiz T.A Khan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-3730 7,8 PUBLISHED 09 Dec 2024 Author details Author details 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 3 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 55283, Indonesia 5 Master Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of Mineral Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55283, Indonesia 6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 7 Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, London, England, W5 5RF, UK 8 Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK Rika Yuliwulandari Roles: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Rifda El Mahroos Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation Zulfan Febriawan Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Adi Wibowo Roles: Supervision, Validation Debrina Kusuma Devi Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Johan Danu Prasetya Roles: Supervision Tedy Agung Cahyadi Roles: Supervision, Validation Eko Teguh Paripurno Roles: Supervision, Validation Reza Pahlevi Ramadhani Arfindra Setiawan Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation Hafiz T.A Khan Roles: Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Health Services gateway. Abstract Introduction The increasing number of older people and their vulnerability to disaster and medication preparedness as the primary elements of disaster mitigation are necessary to reduce the impact of a disaster. Nevertheless, research on natural disasters and medication preparedness in the elderly population is still lacking. This review aimed to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly. Methods A scoping review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search was conducted using the following four databases: Scopus, PubMed, Sage, and Google Scholar. Screening was conducted using the following criteria: articles written in English, open access, and published between 2020 and 2024. Articles must discuss natural disasters and medication preparedness. In the data search, we input several keywords that include “elderly,” “natural disaster,” “preparedness,” and “medication.” Snowballing was then conducted to find articles on preparedness interventions. Data extraction and analysis were then performed. Results and conclusion The findings from this literature review are the majority of studies showing that most elderly people are not well prepared in facing disasters; however, through various programs that have been implemented by either the government or community, the elderly show more preparation when they encounter any natural disaster. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Elderly, Health, Medication, Natural Disaster, Preparedness Corresponding Author(s) Rika Yuliwulandari ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Rika Yuliwulandari Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: This project was a fully funded external grant for fundamental research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (No. 3/UN63.8/LT-Kontrak/VI/2024). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2024 Yuliwulandari R et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Yuliwulandari R, El Mahroos R, Febriawan Z et al. Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.1 ) First published: 09 Dec 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.1 ) Latest published: 02 Jun 2025, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.2 )  There is a newer version of this article available. Suppress this message for one day. Introduction Aging is a phase of the life cycle encountered by everyone that result in a group of population classified as elderly. 1 Globally, the elderly population is the one with aged 60 years old and older. The number of people in the population is increasing, with a total of 1 billion people or 13.2% of the world’s population. This number will increase to 1.4 billion by 2030 and 2.1 billion by 2050. 2 Elderly people experience many physiological changes in various organs that make them become vulnerable to health problems and may decreased quality of life (QoL). 3 These circumstances can affect their safety and capacity to understand complex medical information. 4 The decline in body function and health status of the elderly often becomes an obstacle for them in dealing with emergencies, natural disasters and disease outbreaks that makes them classified as the most vulnerable population group. 5 That is because they have reduced ability to prepare, respond and deal with disasters, therefore, they may be more susceptible to injury, death or health problems during and post-disaster. 6 The key component of effective disaster mitigation is preparedness. Disaster and medication preparedness is a structured process that includes administrative, organizational, and operational skills to enact strategies and policies, increase management capacity to mitigate the adverse effects of hazards, and decrease the chance of emergencies or disaster effects. Disaster and medication preparedness require collaboration between various stakeholders involving the government, society, and individuals. 7 Ministries of health are the areas of government primarily responsible for disaster-related public health and safety, but they often emphasize the entire community and may not always meet the needs of older adults. 8 Therefore, this article offers a comprehensive review of existing literatures encompassing “elderly natural disaster and medication preparedness.” This review aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including what the elderly need to prepare in facing disaster, as well as the factors that inhibit them from fulfilling the preparedness and certain interventions to support them to be more prepared. To the best of our knowledge, this literature review is the first to examine disaster preparedness among the elderly preparedness towards disaster. Hopefully, it can provide important information for policymakers and for any further research. Methods Database and search approach The literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Relevant studies were identified using four scientific databases: PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, USA); SCOPUS (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), Sage Journals (Thousand Oaks, California, USA), and Google Scholar . The searches were conducted using a limited timeframe from 2020 to April 2024. The search strategy was performed using a blend of search terms primarily located within titles (Figure 1; Table 1) (extended data). Two reviewers collaborated to develop an approach to search for and determine a suitable determination for the search. Eligibility criteria and selection The screening was conducted in three stages. Initially, two authors independently evaluated the articles based on their titles. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were set based on article type, publication year, access type, language, tier, subject, and age of the participants, as shown in Table 2 (extended data). Papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In the second stage, the abstracts of the selected papers were reviewed. The abstract must contain clear objectives, methods, and results, and also discuss disaster and medication preparedness in the elderly. In the third stage, the full texts of the selected papers were evaluated. The full texts must reveal methodology, reports of the needs and obstacles of elderly people in disaster preparedness, as well as strategies to enhance disaster preparedness in the elderly that include intervention, education, and technology management. The process used to identify the relevant articles for review is shown in Figure 2 (extended data). Snowballing Snowballing involves searching for references and/or citations from articles to identify additional relevant material. The inclusion criteria for this step were similar to those used in the previous step. Data extraction and analysis A data extraction form was used to collect information on each study included in the analysis so that it could be systematically reviewed. The information in the form included the journal author, year of publication, country of origin, sample/sampling technique, research objectives, research design, instrumentation, and major findings. After extraction and structure, the results are discussed. Results Search results A total of 920 titles were found across databases (PubMed, Scopus, Sage, and Google Scholar). The titles were then screened based on the inclusion criteria. Duplicated papers were removed, resulting in 163 articles (Figure 1) (extended data). Subsequently, all abstracts were reviewed to determine whether they contained the keywords natural disaster, medication, preparedness, and the elderly. This resulted in 45 articles for further full-text review. Only 14 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, snowballing was conducted to identify other relevant materials that contain interventions for disaster preparedness, resulting in six new articles. Thus, the total number of papers included in this study was 20. The final articles eligible for data extraction are listed in Table 3 (extended data). Study characteristics Most of the research (n=5) was conducted in the United States. 9 – 13 The remainder originated from Indonesia, 14 – 17 Japan, 18 , 19 Thailand, 20 , 21 Puerto Rico, 22 Nepal, 23 Korea, 24 Hong Kong, 25 Phillipines, 26 and Iran 27 (Table 4) (extended data). The journals targeted for this review article predominantly originated from the Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness Journal (n=6). The remainder originated from the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (n=4), BMC Geriatrics (n=1), Public Health Nursing (n=1), Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies (n=1), Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (n=1), Sustainability (n=1), Journal of Education and Health Promotion (n=1), Water (n=1), International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (n=1), Asia Pasific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (n=1), and Jurnal Ners (n=1) (Table 3) (extended data). Discussion Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons, tornadoes, tsunamis, landslides, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and extreme temperatures cause great damage to the environment. Natural disasters are emergencies that require immediate intervention because of their large impact on human health and safety. 28 Elderly people face several different challenges from other age groups when facing these emergencies. Elderly people may encounter challenges such as mobility issues or chronic health conditions during emergencies. Additionally, they may lack nearby family or friends who can offer support during such emergency situations. 29 Elderly people have less disaster preparedness and greater vulnerability to disasters. 8 , 9 , 18 About six out of ten elderly people do not consider themselves prepared to face disasters. 12 The aims of this review were to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly. Among the 20 papers that met all selection criteria, all showed that none of the countries had good preparedness for the elderly when facing a disaster. A USA study by Bell et al. (2021) showed that most elderly people are more confident when facing disasters as long as they perform preparedness actions such as a 7-days supply of food and water, a 7-days supply of essential medications/health supplies, a stocked emergency kit, and a conversation about evacuation from home. According to Adepoju et al. (2023), six to ten older people in the USA do not perceive themselves as disaster preparedness. In addition, they also suggested the role of home-based providers in improving preparedness and the response of the elderly to disasters. A study in Thailand by Boonyaratkalin (2020) showed that 50% of older people exhibit suitable behavior through follow-up news on floods and evacuation planning. Based on a study by Hattori (2020), older people are ready to evacuate, especially on confirmed evacuation sites and routes and emergency contact plans; community preparedness, especially on talking with family members about how to evacuate; family preparedness, especially related to fire extinguishers; preparation of emergency goods, especially those related to water, non-perishable foods, and flashlights. However, they are unwell prepared for talking with neighbors on how to evacuate, measures to prevent large electrical applications from moving or falling, footwear for evacuation in the bedroom, portable radio, medical prescription records, medications, and written memos with emergency contact information. In Indonesia, so far, there is not enough data on disaster preparedness in the elderly published in international journals. Several studies have shown that the majority of the elderly population is not well-prepared for disasters. Therefore, the government, community, and organizations related to disasters have responsibilities to educate elderly people to prepare their needs for disasters, including the following: 1. Medication preparedness The elderly population is vulnerable when a disaster occurs. Many of them have chronic health problems and are highly dependent on drugs and medical equipment. Elderly people with chronic conditions require treatment to survive. In the event of a disaster, it is especially important for elderly people with chronic conditions or other health needs to carry their medicines and medical equipment to reduce health risks and facilitate continuity of their healthcare. The most challenging aspect of the elderly during a disaster is ensuring that they bring all the necessary medications, including medical records, emergency medications, and other supportive equipment. Most elderly people did not bring their prescriptions and often could not remember their medical history, names of medications, or dosages of their medicine. Medical records are essential to understand the history of illnesses and treatments. For example, patients with diabetes require insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, asthma patients require beta-antagonists or corticosteroids, hypertension patients require antihypertensives, heart disease patients need beta-blockers or nitroglycerin preparations, and dialysis patients need potassium-exchanging resins, which is crucial for reducing potassium levels when dialysis access is limited. Over-the-counter medications such as fever or pain relievers, antihistamines, and sanitary products are also necessary. Supportive equipment is required, such as insulin injection supplies (vials, needles, or pens with replaceable insulin cartridges), glucometers, oxygen cylinders, and nebulizers. These should be considered part of the emergency kit to be taken along. Daily living aids should also be prepared, including wheelchairs, hearing aids, canes, walkers, dentures, glasses, and incontinence briefs. Disasters can disrupt access to healthcare facilities and pharmacies, making it challenging for the elderly to obtain essential medications and supplies. Disaster preparedness efforts should include measures to ensure continuous access to medication and medical supplies during emergencies. This may involve stockpiling medications, establishing mobile medical clinics, and providing home delivery services for elderly individuals who are unable to visit pharmacies. 10 , 11 , 25 2. Mobility assistance Mobility assistance is one of the primary disaster preparedness needs of the elderly. Many elderly individuals experience reduced mobility owing to age-related physical limitations or chronic health conditions. During disasters such as hurricanes or wildfires, evacuation may be necessary to ensure safety. However, elderly individuals may face a challenging evacuation owing to mobility issues. Providing assistance with transportation and ensuring accessible evacuation routes are essential to address this need. Communities can establish transportation assistance programs and designate accessible evacuation routes to support elderly individuals in safe evacuation during emergencies. 11 3. Communication support Communication support is essential to address disaster preparedness among the elderly. Elderly individuals may have hearing or vision impairments, which make it difficult for them to receive emergency alerts and information. Clear and accessible communication channels are necessary to ensure that the elderly receive timely information and instructions during emergencies. Communities can implement text-based alert systems, use visual cues in emergency communication, and provide outreach programs to support elderly individuals with communication challenges. 18 4. Social support Social support networks are essential for the preparation of older adults for disasters. Building strong social support networks within communities can help ensure that elderly individuals have access to assistance and resources before, during, and after a disaster. Programs that connect elderly individuals with volunteers who can provide assistance with evacuation, medical care, and other needs can help enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability during emergencies. 18 , 24 , 25 5. Shelter and other facilities The establishment of specialized shelters and facilities is essential to address the specific requirements of the elderly during disasters. Designating shelters and facilities equipped to accommodate elderly individuals, such as providing accessible accommodations, medical support services, and trained staff, can help ensure their safety and well-being during emergencies. These specialized facilities can provide a supportive environment for elderly individuals, who may require additional assistance or medical care during disasters. 11 , 25 6. Education and training programs Education and training programs tailored to the needs of the elderly are essential to enhance disaster preparedness. Providing education on evacuation procedures, emergency preparedness kits, and strategies for managing chronic health conditions during emergencies can empower elderly individuals to take proactive steps in preparing for disasters. Community-based training programs can help ensure that elderly individuals have the knowledge and skills needed to protect themselves and their loved ones during emergencies. 22 Beside that there are several factors that affect disaster preparedness in elderly such as: 1. Education Education has greatly influenced disaster preparedness among elderly people. Many elderly people have low literacy levels and some of them cannot write, so they do not understand how to get information about disasters and help. Thus, education level serves as a barrier to disaster preparedness. 20 2. Disability Hearing ability is also related to disaster preparedness literacy. In the study conducted by Bell et al. (2021b), participants with hearing impairments followed flood news by utilizing alternative methods such as visual alerts, text notifications, or assistance from others to access weather forecasts and flood warning announcements. Older people with hearing impairments cannot listen to the information being disseminated. This can affect the preparedness. However, no research has been conducted on the intersection of hearing abilities and disaster preparedness. 3. Income Income plays a significant role in enabling elderly people to prepare for disasters. If they have no or a low income, they cannot meet their needs and cannot survive. Low financial resources make them unsure whether they will be capable of covering food and shelter expenses for at least one day during an evacuation. Based on research conducted by Adepoju et al. (2023), a survey on survival disaster preparedness action and planning disaster preparedness action indicates that low-income elderly individuals tend to neglect survival actions. Meanwhile, the findings found by Fletcher et al. (2022) showed that after experiencing disasters, the elderly population experienced worry and stress. This is because of low financial resources. They are not sure if they will be able to pay for food and shelter for one day in the event of an evacuation. According to Bell et al. (2021a), the elderly acknowledged that their options were unevacuated because of a lack of alternative housing options, financial constraints preventing temporary accommodation, and discomfort associated with evacuation shelters. 4. Communication and information technology Common challenges encountered in emergency response include barriers to communication technologies. This communication technology can also be useful as a disaster-warning system. The lack of a disaster warning system will have a major impact. A case reported by Yulianto et al. (2020) during the Palu earthquake disaster showed that impacted individuals did not receive any advance warning about the tsunami or liquefaction. Although some people received tsunami alerts through social media, they came too late for an effective response. Thus, the Early Warning System (EWS) holds significance in initial preparedness, potentially safeguarding lives, infrastructure, and public facilities from disaster impact. This proves that a warning system in Indonesia is still lacking. Another issue that serves as a barrier is the lack of disaster training for the elderly. Insufficient training hinders local communities from voluntarily engaging in disaster risk management. The role of local governments in reaching out to the elderly through training or education on disasters is essential; otherwise, residents may underestimate the threat of disasters. Furthermore, communicating disaster risks to vulnerable elderly populations is often ineffective due to barriers related to literacy and age-related impairments, such as hearing and vision difficulties. 21 According to Bell et al. (2021b), the elderly admitted that most information regarding communication about disaster preparedness and available response resources often lacks relevance and simplicity. Despite the widespread use of smartphone apps, social media, and other online communication by various institutions and organizations for rapid information dissemination, these channels remain inaccessible to many seniors, especially those lacking internet access or mobile devices. This unequal distribution of disaster response resources contributes to prolonged and difficult recovery of vulnerable elderly individuals. 5. Family Families play a pivotal role in providing primary support for older adults, aiding in disaster preparation and recovery. The family is the support of the elderly because the family is the one that provides shelter and other resources when elderly facing a disaster. Family members may also invite home care providers to offer formal caregiving support when they cannot physically reach the healthcare service. Family members provide communication between patients and healthcare providers, maintain continuity of care, and encourage essential medication adherence. 13 6. Access to health service Access to healthcare facilities depends on factors such as distance, mobility facilitators and barriers, transportation options, road conditions, travel expenses, and other associated direct and indirect expenses, all of which are designed as inhibitor factors for the utilization of healthcare services. Elderly individuals who are injured and suffer from chronic diseases require support and assistance to access healthcare services. Elderly people often face difficulties in reaching healthcare services owing to poor road conditions and injuries sustained during disasters. However, participants without significant injuries reported accessing post-earthquake health care services through mobile clinics, hospitals, and health posts. Many participants had access to hospitals and health posts for basic health checkups and treatment. Nonetheless, for those who sustain injuries and experience mobility loss due to an earthquake, access to intensive care facilities located within a feasible distance becomes essential. 23 To improve the preparedness of the elderly to disaster, some interventions are needed that include the following: 1. Enhance disaster preparedness through food bar One of the primary challenges in disaster management involves fulfilling the food requirements of vulnerable groups to meet their nutritional needs. In areas affected by disasters, the elderly more often experience malnutrition due to low energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. Fatmah et al. (2021) attempted to create a food bar and recipe. This food bar is an emergency sustenance item made from locally obtained raw materials, engineered to be readily accessible while possessing increased economic worth owing to its specialized composition. Consuming 50 g of the broccoli-soybean-mangrove food bar per day (amounting to 246 calories) satisfies 14–16% of the daily caloric needs for older males and females, respectively, based on a recommended intake of 1800 calories for males and 1550 calories for females is enough for elderly. Therefore, this food bar serves as a viable alternative to emergency food options during disasters. Some dissatisfied perceptions of elderly disaster victims are that they think that the food bar is a staple food and not the main food. Beside that, when the food bar was tested, the researcher has not done the impact of the food to immune level of elderly. In addition, there is a need to fortify food with iron and prebiotics to provide more benefits to the health of the elderly. 2. Enhance disaster preparedness through education Several researchers have conducted studies to improve disaster preparedness. Matsuo et al. (2021) investigated the significance of disaster preparedness in mitigating isolation among elderly people. Elderly people in Japan prefer to isolate themselves when a disaster occurs rather than asking neighbors or other people for help. Therefore, they created a handbook, the “Disaster Preparedness Handbook,” and conducted a survey where the results indicated that the elderly population had a higher level of isolation precaution for themselves compared to the level of isolation precaution for others. Thus, education on disaster preparedness is needed to prevent isolation among the elderly. However, the study is limited by the age group selection and the closeness of the neighbors and the type of community of the participants, which makes a significant difference in the individual characteristics of the intervention and comparison groups who participated in the study. 30 Another study by Fatmah (2022) in Indonesia provides education regarding the meaning of disasters, types of disasters, the impact of disasters, family actions before, during, and after disasters, and disaster prevention. After education, family knowledge has increased. Some families have prepared equipment such as emergency bags containing important documents, logistical supplies (e.g., food), and medication. There are limitations to this study, in which a control group was not included for comparison with the intervention group, in addition to its small sample size. 15 According to Yarmohammadian et al. (2023), it is necessary to educate the CBHO (community-based health organizations) through the development of a curriculum/syllabus for CBHO training in serving the elderly when facing disasters. The knowledge provided by the CBHO is in accordance with the syllabus, which includes the concept of aging and analysis of the impact of disasters on the elderly, providing for the needs of the elderly, physical and mental analysis, how to coordinate with special organizations to handle the elderly, and the threats faced by the elderly after a disaster. 3. Enhance disaster preparedness through assistive technology Luna & Pingol (2020) developed new technologies for help during disaster and emergencies namely “Help Bro.” This rescue application can serve government agencies, such as the Red Cross. Users can use the “Help Bro” application to alert others about impending dangers and help them avoid hazardous areas. There are several pages available in the application, for example, a page for registration for the user to enter personal information; a help page that enables the application to identify the user’s location and generate a report when a user requests assistance; and a user report page that allows the users to send requests for help to the rescue team. The rescue team’s address is displayed along with options to specify the type of assistance needed. Nakai et al. (2022) developed tools (K-DiPS) to help vulnerable people provide medical information for use in disasters. K-DiPS comprises two components: K-DiPS Solo, a smartphone application, and K-DiPS online, a web application specifically designed for disaster management purposes by local government authorities. K-DiPS Solo is used by filling in the personal information of medically vulnerable people (MVP), and local governments can access this application via K-DiPS online. The K-DiPS Solo includes essential information such as personal details (name, gender, date of birth), emergency contact, medical history, need for long-term care, support (doctor, home visit, etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), and support needed (meal, excretion, dressing, transferring, mobility, bathing, etc.). Thus, when an MVP needs help, the local government can provide necessary health items (medicines and medical equipment). Fathoni et al. (2020) through his research invented an application named “application Bromo alert.” The application has several features: weblogs that offer information about Mount Bromo, including its history and past eruption events; shelters that provide details about shelters, including building names, locations, and proximity to disaster-prone areas; healthcare facilities that contain information about healthcare facilities available in the area; vlogs that provide informative content, especially targeted towards foreign tourists; and CCTV, which allows the public to view live updates of current conditions, particularly the latest situation at Mount Bromo. 20 Conclusions The findings of this study need to be prepared to support disaster preparedness for the elderly (medication, mobility assistance, communication support, social support, shelter, education, and training). However, several factors can hinder disaster preparedness, including education, income, disability, communication and information technology, family, and access to health services. To improve disaster preparedness among the elderly, discoveries have been made in emergency food, educational programs, health technology, support, and warning systems. To the best of our knowledge, this literature review is the first to examine disaster preparedness among the elderly. Hopefully, it can provide important information for policymakers and for any further research. Data availability statement Underlying data No data are associated with this article. Extended data Figshare: Natural Disaster and Medication Preparedness Among Elderly (DOI https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27292446.v3 ) This project contains the following underlying data: • Figure 1 Search Keywords • Figure 2 Flow Diagram of Review Process • Table 1 Key Search Terms • Table 2 Inclusion Criteria Based on Scientific Database Used • Table 3 List of Reviewed Name Journal • Table 4 Result Study Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Reporting guidelines Figshare: Prisma Checklist for ‘Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly’ (DOI https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27252945.v7 ) Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Acknowledgements We express our gratitude to all those who contributed to the writing of this article and have proofread the manuscript. References 1. 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Yarmohammadian MH, Akbari F, Niaraees A, et al. : Elders in natural disaster: community-based health organization (CBHO) education and preparedness. J. Educ. Health Promot. 2023; 12 (153): 1–6. Publisher Full Text 28. CDC: Natural Disasters and Severe Weather.2024. Reference Source 29. American Red Cross: Emergency preparedness for older adults.2024. Reference Source 30. Matsuo Y, Hirano M: Effectiveness of disaster preparedness education in helping older people prevent isolation. Public Health Nurs. 2021; 38 (5): 837–849. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (3) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 02 Jun 2025 Revised Comment ADD YOUR COMMENT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 09 Dec 2024 Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above. Reader Comment 17 Feb 2025 Jamie Halsall , Social and Psychological, University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health Sciences, Huddersfield, UK 17 Feb 2025 Reader Comment I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses ... Continue reading I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), is rigorous. The findings will be very useful to academics and policymakers who wish to explore natural disasters and how they affect older people. As a reader, what I like about this paper are the different themes that are covered in the discussion section. I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), is rigorous. The findings will be very useful to academics and policymakers who wish to explore natural disasters and how they affect older people. As a reader, what I like about this paper are the different themes that are covered in the discussion section. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Reader Comment 08 Feb 2025 Jason Powell , University of Liverpool Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Liverpool, UK 08 Feb 2025 Reader Comment This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers ... Continue reading This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers the 'why now' research question in terms of older people's experiences of natural disasters. There is a gap in the literature relating to this. The only issue for reflection is changing the term 'the elderly' to 'older people' in terms of conceptual clarity. The paper however adds an important dimension on the safety of older people and how this can be elongated by health care professions. The conclusion is strong in terms of future direction of research. It is a compelling narrative and endorse its research findings and robust methodology for publication. An outstanding paper. This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers the 'why now' research question in terms of older people's experiences of natural disasters. There is a gap in the literature relating to this. The only issue for reflection is changing the term 'the elderly' to 'older people' in terms of conceptual clarity. The paper however adds an important dimension on the safety of older people and how this can be elongated by health care professions. The conclusion is strong in terms of future direction of research. It is a compelling narrative and endorse its research findings and robust methodology for publication. An outstanding paper. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Reader Comment 04 Feb 2025 Akmaral Abikulova , Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan 04 Feb 2025 Reader Comment A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent ... Continue reading A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent a vulnerable group, as they are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses and may face difficulties accessing medications during emergencies. One of the key strengths of the study is its comprehensive approach. The authors not only assess the level of preparedness among elderly individuals but also identify factors influencing it. They provide practical recommendations for improving the situation, including raising awareness, developing individual action plans, and creating emergency medication reserves. The article is particularly relevant in the context of the growing elderly population worldwide and the increasing frequency of natural disasters. Its findings can be valuable not only for healthcare professionals but also for policymakers working on strategies to protect vulnerable populations. The study makes a significant contribution to the issue of elderly safety, offering realistic and practically applicable solutions. A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent a vulnerable group, as they are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses and may face difficulties accessing medications during emergencies. One of the key strengths of the study is its comprehensive approach. The authors not only assess the level of preparedness among elderly individuals but also identify factors influencing it. They provide practical recommendations for improving the situation, including raising awareness, developing individual action plans, and creating emergency medication reserves. The article is particularly relevant in the context of the growing elderly population worldwide and the increasing frequency of natural disasters. Its findings can be valuable not only for healthcare professionals but also for policymakers working on strategies to protect vulnerable populations. The study makes a significant contribution to the issue of elderly safety, offering realistic and practically applicable solutions. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above. Author details Author details 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 3 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 55283, Indonesia 5 Master Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of Mineral Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55283, Indonesia 6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java, 60294, Indonesia 7 Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, London, England, W5 5RF, UK 8 Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK Rika Yuliwulandari Roles: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Rifda El Mahroos Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation Zulfan Febriawan Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Adi Wibowo Roles: Supervision, Validation Debrina Kusuma Devi Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Johan Danu Prasetya Roles: Supervision Tedy Agung Cahyadi Roles: Supervision, Validation Eko Teguh Paripurno Roles: Supervision, Validation Reza Pahlevi Ramadhani Arfindra Setiawan Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation Hafiz T.A Khan Roles: Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information This project was a fully funded external grant for fundamental research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (No. 3/UN63.8/LT-Kontrak/VI/2024). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 02 Jun 2025, 13:1510 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.2 version 1 Published: 09 Dec 2024, 13:1510 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.1 Copyright © 2024 Yuliwulandari R et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Yuliwulandari R, El Mahroos R, Febriawan Z et al. Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157483.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 09 Dec 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Maves R. Reviewer Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r355519 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1#referee-response-355519 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 20 Jan 2025 Ryan Maves , Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston–Salem, North Carolina, USA Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r355519 Thank you for the opportunity to review this manuscript. In this paper, the authors conducted a scoping review of disaster preparedness as it relates to elderly people. I think there is some interesting information in here, and some careful re-editing ... Continue reading READ ALL Thank you for the opportunity to review this manuscript. In this paper, the authors conducted a scoping review of disaster preparedness as it relates to elderly people. I think there is some interesting information in here, and some careful re-editing and re-organization of the text could hopefully make it stronger. General comment: The overall quality of written English needs improvement, with many grammatical errors and overly-long descriptions in the text. As a specific example, the opening three sentences of the main text could be re-written as “The global population of elderly people, defined as those 60 years of age or greater, is large and increasing. There were an estimated 1 billion elderly people alive in 2024, a group that is projected to grow to 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion by 2050.” An explanation of how becoming elderly is a function of aging is not needed. Specific comments: Abstract – the results and conclusions are too brief; while the necessary brevity of an abstract constrains out ability to discuss results in enormous detail, some mention of the actual results of the review should be included. Introduction – It is not necessary to mention what ministries of health are, although it is useful to mention that disaster preparedness may fail to meet the needs of older people. Results – 5 papers out of 20 is not “most” (in reference to the number of papers that were written in the US). It is not necessary to list the journals of origin in the main text; this can be included in Table 3 and in the references. Results – The results section does not include any actual results, just a list of papers that met their inclusion criteria. Much of this information is included in the discussion but would be properly considered part of the results. The basic organization of preparedness categories in the discussion (mobility assistance, social support, etc.) is a reasonable one, however. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Disaster medicine, sepsis, emerging infectious diseases I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Maves R. Reviewer Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r355519 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1#referee-response-355519 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Valkanova E. Reviewer Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r351500 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1#referee-response-351500 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 06 Jan 2025 Elena Valkanova , Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University -Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r351500 The article “Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review” aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including the prerequisites and the impediments to disaster preparedness as well as interventions to support their preparedness. This ... Continue reading READ ALL The article “Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review” aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including the prerequisites and the impediments to disaster preparedness as well as interventions to support their preparedness. This is highly relevant topic considering the growing disaster risk associated with climate change and the vulnerability of the studied population. The authors performed a literature review of original research articles on the topic. 20 eligible articles were identified and further analyzed. The main conclusion states that more efforts are needed to improve disaster preparedness of the older people. The elements needed for disaster preparedness are identified: Medication preparedness Mobility assistance Communication support Social support Shelter and other facilities Education and training programs Factors affecting disaster preparedness are formulated: Education Disability Income Communication and information technology Family Access to health services Interventions to improve preparedness are proposed: Enhance disaster preparedness through food bar Enhance disaster preparedness through education Enhance disaster preparedness through assistive technology In my opinion this study provides valuable viewpoint on disaster preparedness of the older people. The information that is provided could be useful for policymakers and should fuel further research. My comments on the article are as follows: There are two objectives provided for the study: “This review aimed to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly” and “This review aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including what the elderly need to prepare in facing disaster, as well as the factors that inhibit them from fulfilling the preparedness and certain interventions to support them to be more prepared”. The title is designed according to the first one but the content better matches the second one. More comprehensive explanation of the search strategy could be given. The keywords are listed in Table 1 of the Supplementary Materials but the exact strategy is not quite clear and reproducible. Also, there are synonyms and related terms that are not captured by the keywords. Figure 2 from the Supplementary Materials could provide all numbers. Database and search approach states that the review was conducted following (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. This guideline is meant to direct only the reporting not the conducting of a review. In the chapter “Enhance disaster preparedness through assistive technology” there is no information that two of the presented tools are assessed for being useful for older people. The third one reports that additional assistance could be needed by the older people for proper use of the application. As it is stated in the current research: “Despite the widespread use of smartphone apps, social media, and other online communication by various institutions and organizations for rapid information dissemination, these channels remain inaccessible to many seniors, especially those lacking internet access or mobile devices.” Could be noted that more specific research is needed in this otherwise very promising field. Minor comments: Some of the citations in the text have no corresponding number according to the reference list. In the paragraph: “Fathoni et al. (2020) through his research invented an application named “application Bromo alert.” The application has several features: weblogs that offer information about Mount Bromo, including its history and past eruption events; shelters that provide details about shelters, including building names, locations, and proximity to disaster-prone areas; healthcare facilities that contain information about healthcare facilities available in the area; vlogs that provide informative content, especially targeted towards foreign tourists; and CCTV, which allows the public to view live updates of current conditions, particularly the latest situation at Mount Bromo. 20 ” the reference that is cited is not number 20 but 16. Consider rephrasing the sentences to avoid reiteration: “To the best of our knowledge, this literature review is the first to examine disaster preparedness among the elderly preparedness towards disaster.”, “Two reviewers collaborated to develop an approach to search for and determine a suitable determination for the search.”, “The findings of this study need to be prepared to support disaster preparedness for the elderly (medication, mobility assistance, communication support, social support, shelter, education, and training).”. In conclusion, the issue examined in this study is highly relevant and remains far from being resolved. I praise the authors for their efforts to enrich the scientific literature on the subject. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Disaster Medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Valkanova E. Reviewer Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r351500 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1#referee-response-351500 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (3) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 02 Jun 2025 Revised Comment ADD YOUR COMMENT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 09 Dec 2024 Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above. Reader Comment 17 Feb 2025 Jamie Halsall , Social and Psychological, University of Huddersfield School of Human and Health Sciences, Huddersfield, UK 17 Feb 2025 Reader Comment I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses ... Continue reading I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), is rigorous. The findings will be very useful to academics and policymakers who wish to explore natural disasters and how they affect older people. As a reader, what I like about this paper are the different themes that are covered in the discussion section. I enjoyed reading this article. It is a crucial contribution to the public health research field. The literature review approach, namely the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), is rigorous. The findings will be very useful to academics and policymakers who wish to explore natural disasters and how they affect older people. As a reader, what I like about this paper are the different themes that are covered in the discussion section. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Reader Comment 08 Feb 2025 Jason Powell , University of Liverpool Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Liverpool, UK 08 Feb 2025 Reader Comment This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers ... Continue reading This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers the 'why now' research question in terms of older people's experiences of natural disasters. There is a gap in the literature relating to this. The only issue for reflection is changing the term 'the elderly' to 'older people' in terms of conceptual clarity. The paper however adds an important dimension on the safety of older people and how this can be elongated by health care professions. The conclusion is strong in terms of future direction of research. It is a compelling narrative and endorse its research findings and robust methodology for publication. An outstanding paper. This is an excellent and important article which has authenticity and logic. The article is well mapped out with structure and organisation. The topic is timely and novel. It answers the 'why now' research question in terms of older people's experiences of natural disasters. There is a gap in the literature relating to this. The only issue for reflection is changing the term 'the elderly' to 'older people' in terms of conceptual clarity. The paper however adds an important dimension on the safety of older people and how this can be elongated by health care professions. The conclusion is strong in terms of future direction of research. It is a compelling narrative and endorse its research findings and robust methodology for publication. An outstanding paper. Competing Interests: None Close Report a concern Reader Comment 04 Feb 2025 Akmaral Abikulova , Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan 04 Feb 2025 Reader Comment A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent ... Continue reading A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent a vulnerable group, as they are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses and may face difficulties accessing medications during emergencies. One of the key strengths of the study is its comprehensive approach. The authors not only assess the level of preparedness among elderly individuals but also identify factors influencing it. They provide practical recommendations for improving the situation, including raising awareness, developing individual action plans, and creating emergency medication reserves. The article is particularly relevant in the context of the growing elderly population worldwide and the increasing frequency of natural disasters. Its findings can be valuable not only for healthcare professionals but also for policymakers working on strategies to protect vulnerable populations. The study makes a significant contribution to the issue of elderly safety, offering realistic and practically applicable solutions. A very interesting article! Authors examines the issue of elderly people's preparedness for natural disasters, particularly in terms of ensuring access to essential medications. The authors emphasize that the elderly represent a vulnerable group, as they are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses and may face difficulties accessing medications during emergencies. One of the key strengths of the study is its comprehensive approach. The authors not only assess the level of preparedness among elderly individuals but also identify factors influencing it. They provide practical recommendations for improving the situation, including raising awareness, developing individual action plans, and creating emergency medication reserves. The article is particularly relevant in the context of the growing elderly population worldwide and the increasing frequency of natural disasters. Its findings can be valuable not only for healthcare professionals but also for policymakers working on strategies to protect vulnerable populations. The study makes a significant contribution to the issue of elderly safety, offering realistic and practically applicable solutions. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Discussion is closed on this version, please comment on the latest version above. keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 2 (revision) 02 Jun 25 read read Version 1 09 Dec 24 read read Elena Valkanova , Medical University -Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Ryan Maves , Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston–Salem, USA Annekathryn Goodman , Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Comments on this article All Comments (3) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Valkanova E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 26 Jul 2025 | for Version 2 Elena Valkanova , Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University -Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 0 Views copyright © 2025 Valkanova E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The issue examined in this study is highly relevant.This paper could make a meaningful contribution to the field of disaster preparedness. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Disaster Medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Valkanova E. Peer Review Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181530.r389318) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v2#referee-response-389318 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Goodman A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 20 Jun 2025 | for Version 2 Annekathryn Goodman , Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Goodman A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This study review existing literature on the preparedness of elderly populations. Interestingly, there is very little written about this even though the elderly are significantly impacted. The authors make great suggestions for interventions at the personal and municipal level. I would suggest adding a table with these suggestions foe quick access. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise gynecology and disaster medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Goodman A. Peer Review Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181530.r389826) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v2#referee-response-389826 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Maves R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 20 Jan 2025 | for Version 1 Ryan Maves , Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston–Salem, North Carolina, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Maves R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Thank you for the opportunity to review this manuscript. In this paper, the authors conducted a scoping review of disaster preparedness as it relates to elderly people. I think there is some interesting information in here, and some careful re-editing and re-organization of the text could hopefully make it stronger. General comment: The overall quality of written English needs improvement, with many grammatical errors and overly-long descriptions in the text. As a specific example, the opening three sentences of the main text could be re-written as “The global population of elderly people, defined as those 60 years of age or greater, is large and increasing. There were an estimated 1 billion elderly people alive in 2024, a group that is projected to grow to 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion by 2050.” An explanation of how becoming elderly is a function of aging is not needed. Specific comments: Abstract – the results and conclusions are too brief; while the necessary brevity of an abstract constrains out ability to discuss results in enormous detail, some mention of the actual results of the review should be included. Introduction – It is not necessary to mention what ministries of health are, although it is useful to mention that disaster preparedness may fail to meet the needs of older people. Results – 5 papers out of 20 is not “most” (in reference to the number of papers that were written in the US). It is not necessary to list the journals of origin in the main text; this can be included in Table 3 and in the references. Results – The results section does not include any actual results, just a list of papers that met their inclusion criteria. Much of this information is included in the discussion but would be properly considered part of the results. The basic organization of preparedness categories in the discussion (mobility assistance, social support, etc.) is a reasonable one, however. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Disaster medicine, sepsis, emerging infectious diseases I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Maves R. Peer Review Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :1510 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.172936.r355519) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1510/v1#referee-response-355519 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Valkanova E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 06 Jan 2025 | for Version 1 Elena Valkanova , Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University -Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 0 Views copyright © 2025 Valkanova E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The article “Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review” aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including the prerequisites and the impediments to disaster preparedness as well as interventions to support their preparedness. This is highly relevant topic considering the growing disaster risk associated with climate change and the vulnerability of the studied population. The authors performed a literature review of original research articles on the topic. 20 eligible articles were identified and further analyzed. The main conclusion states that more efforts are needed to improve disaster preparedness of the older people. The elements needed for disaster preparedness are identified: Medication preparedness Mobility assistance Communication support Social support Shelter and other facilities Education and training programs Factors affecting disaster preparedness are formulated: Education Disability Income Communication and information technology Family Access to health services Interventions to improve preparedness are proposed: Enhance disaster preparedness through food bar Enhance disaster preparedness through education Enhance disaster preparedness through assistive technology In my opinion this study provides valuable viewpoint on disaster preparedness of the older people. The information that is provided could be useful for policymakers and should fuel further research. My comments on the article are as follows: There are two objectives provided for the study: “This review aimed to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly” and “This review aims to explore disaster and medication preparedness among the elderly, including what the elderly need to prepare in facing disaster, as well as the factors that inhibit them from fulfilling the preparedness and certain interventions to support them to be more prepared”. The title is designed according to the first one but the content better matches the second one. More comprehensive explanation of the search strategy could be given. The keywords are listed in Table 1 of the Supplementary Materials but the exact strategy is not quite clear and reproducible. Also, there are synonyms and related terms that are not captured by the keywords. Figure 2 from the Supplementary Materials could provide all numbers. Database and search approach states that the review was conducted following (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. This guideline is meant to direct only the reporting not the conducting of a review. In the chapter “Enhance disaster preparedness through assistive technology” there is no information that two of the presented tools are assessed for being useful for older people. The third one reports that additional assistance could be needed by the older people for proper use of the application. As it is stated in the current research: “Despite the widespread use of smartphone apps, social media, and other online communication by various institutions and organizations for rapid information dissemination, these channels remain inaccessible to many seniors, especially those lacking internet access or mobile devices.” Could be noted that more specific research is needed in this otherwise very promising field. Minor comments: Some of the citations in the text have no corresponding number according to the reference list. In the paragraph: “Fathoni et al. (2020) through his research invented an application named “application Bromo alert.” The application has several features: weblogs that offer information about Mount Bromo, including its history and past eruption events; shelters that provide details about shelters, including building names, locations, and proximity to disaster-prone areas; healthcare facilities that contain information about healthcare facilities available in the area; vlogs that provide informative content, especially targeted towards foreign tourists; and CCTV, which allows the public to view live updates of current conditions, particularly the latest situation at Mount Bromo. 20 ” the reference that is cited is not number 20 but 16. Consider rephrasing the sentences to avoid reiteration: “To the best of our knowledge, this literature review is the first to examine disaster preparedness among the elderly preparedness towards disaster.”, “Two reviewers collaborated to develop an approach to search for and determine a suitable determination for the search.”, “The findings of this study need to be prepared to support disaster preparedness for the elderly (medication, mobility assistance, communication support, social support, shelter, education, and training).”. In conclusion, the issue examined in this study is highly relevant and remains far from being resolved. I praise the authors for their efforts to enrich the scientific literature on the subject. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Partly Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Disaster Medicine I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Valkanova E. Peer Review Report For: Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . 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