How Cloud Phase Influences Aerosol Susceptibility

How Cloud Phase Influences Aerosol Susceptibility | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article How Cloud Phase Influences Aerosol Susceptibility Chung-Kai Wu, Jen-Ping Chen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6176374/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Geoscience Letters → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aerosol susceptibility (AS) of clouds refers to their sensitivity to increases in condensation nuclei (CN) concentration. This study investigates AS in marine boundary layer clouds that occur during cold-air outbreaks, where ice particles are often present. In warm clouds, the AS of cloud albedo (precipitation) remains positive (negative); however, this sensitivity weakens as CN concentration increases. In mixed-phase clouds, AS becomes less pronounced and does not follow a consistent trend due to the positive response of snow growth to rising CN levels. Aside from microphysical responses, cloud fraction -- a macro-physical feature -- also shows susceptibility to aerosol effects. As CN increases, cloud fraction tends to decrease, which can mitigate up to one-third of the cloud albedo AS in warm clouds and three-fourths in mixed-phase clouds. Aerosol susceptibility Cloud fraction Cloud albedo All-sky albedo Mixed-phase clouds Warm clouds Aerosol-cloud interaction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementary.AerosolSusceptibility.GL.v1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Geoscience Letters → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6176374","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":440606769,"identity":"5f128f94-9b9d-4c67-9530-ab89c68da420","order_by":0,"name":"Chung-Kai Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chung-Kai","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":440606770,"identity":"03a0292d-90fa-4c1c-abd2-678163b28a14","order_by":1,"name":"Jen-Ping Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYGNiBlA+HxkKAlDaIaSEgQowuk5TAJWphnNz978HHH+Tx7iQTGB2/bGOoMDhBy2Jxj5oYzz9wu5pFIYDac28YgQVjLjBw2ad6224k9EgkgBoOEGVFa/radA2lh/028Fsa2A2BbmInTMueYmWRvW3Jiz5mHzZJzzklI7iekxRAYYhI/2+wS29uTD354U2bDL9lASMsMhIUgtUTEpDxRsT0KRsEoGAUjGwAABJE8JyCrMowAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jen-Ping","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-07 08:23:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6176374/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6176374/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-025-00418-1","type":"published","date":"2025-09-29T15:57:30+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92883747,"identity":"e61566df-5993-4fd0-a626-49485ce9e3de","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:08:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":766389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AerosolSusceptibility.GL.v3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6176374/v1_covered_78ffa452-c079-4995-bea7-433a98fefbc5.pdf"},{"id":80877237,"identity":"b6ccfc2f-2336-483c-92b2-82af8f06a027","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-18 06:52:42","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":93603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementary.AerosolSusceptibility.GL.v1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6176374/v1/e89e61d1b27e1f53bdd43a93.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"How Cloud Phase Influences Aerosol Susceptibility","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"geoscience-letters","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gosl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Geoscience Letters](https://geoscienceletters.springeropen.com/)","snPcode":"40562","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40562/3","title":"Geoscience Letters","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Aerosol susceptibility, Cloud fraction, Cloud albedo, All-sky albedo, Mixed-phase clouds, Warm clouds, Aerosol-cloud interaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6176374/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6176374/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAerosol susceptibility (AS) of clouds refers to their sensitivity to increases in condensation nuclei (CN) concentration. 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