Clinical and Histopathological Correlation in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Comprehensive Study

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent yet complex gynaecological condition with many aetiologies, necessitating precise evaluation for suitable therapy. While clinical diagnosis provides a first assessment, histological examination remains the definitive standard for confirming underlying aetiologies and guiding appropriate therapeutic choices. Objective: The objective is to correlate histological findings with clinical manifestations in patients undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding, therefore enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic approaches. Methods: This prospective observational study involved 74 patients Undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Budge budge, Kolkata, India. Hysterectomy specimens underwent histological examination, ultrasonic evaluation, and clinical assessment. The statistical correlation between clinical and histological diagnoses was included in the data analysis. Results: The perimenopausal age group of 41 to 45 years, including 29.7%, exhibited the highest prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The most prevalent presentation was menorrhagia (40.5%). Histopathological findings revealed proliferative endometrium (27.0%) and secretory endometrium (24.3%), following endometrial hyperplasia (18.9%), fibroids (16.2%), and adenomyosis (8.1%). 5.4% of patients exhibited malignancy. Histological analysis confirmed many illnesses, with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) being the predominant clinical diagnosis at 33.8%. This underscores its critical role in diagnosis and therapy. Conclusion: Histological research is essential for establishing a clinical diagnosis of AUB and preventing misinterpretation. Patient outcomes can be improved by carefully choosing a hysterectomy and, where possible, reviewing conservative therapy options.