Light-Sheet Fluorescence Imaging Charts the Gastrula Origin of Vascular Endothelial Cells in Early Zebrafish Embryos

It remains challenging to construct a complete cell lineage map of the origin of vascular endothelial cells in any vertebrate embryo. Here, we report the application of in toto light-sheet fluorescence imaging of embryos to tracing the origin of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) at single-cell resolution in zebrafish. We first adapted a previously-reported method to mount embryos and light-sheet imaging, created an a lignment, f usion, and e xtraction all- i n- o ne software (AFEIO) for processing big data, and performed quantitative analysis of cell lineage relationships using commercially-available Imaris software. Our data revealed that vascular ECs originated from broad regions of the gastrula along the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes, of which the dorsal-anterior cells contributed to cerebral ECs, the dorsal-lateral cells to anterior trunk ECs, and the ventral-lateral cells to posterior trunk and tail ECs. Therefore, this work, to our knowledge, charts the first comprehensive map of the gastrula origin of vascular ECs in zebrafish, and has potential applications for studying the origin of any embryonic organs in zebrafish and other model organisms.