A Comparative Study of Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Surgery Patients Admitted to Gaziantep City Hospital Near the Syrian Border

A Comparative Study of Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Surgery Patients Admitted to Gaziantep City Hospital Near the Syrian Border | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Comparative Study of Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Surgery Patients Admitted to Gaziantep City Hospital Near the Syrian Border SEVGİ BÜYÜKBEŞE SARSU This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction We conducted this research to examine differences between Syrian refugee and Turkish pediatric surgery patients at a border hospital 13 years after Syria's civil war began. With almost no existing studies addressing this specific comparison, our work breaks new ground in understanding surgical needs across these pediatric populations Methods We retrospectively compared demographic characteristics, diagnoses, surgical indications, hospital stays, and outcomes of Syrian and Turkish pediatric surgery patients (under 18 years) treated at Gaziantep City Hospital between October 5, 2023, and September 1, 2024. Diagnoses were grouped according to International Classification of Diseases. Chi-square or Fisher's tests were used for categorical variables, Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed variables. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Results Of 25,630 patients, 59.3% were Turkish and 40.7% Syrian. Syrian patients were younger (mean age 4.87 vs 5.61 years) and hospitalized longer (6.72 vs 5.23 days). Syrian patients had higher elective surgery rates (6.65% vs 5.76%) and hospitalization rates (10.61% vs 9.24%). Inguinal hernia repair was the most common diagnosis (59.17%), while appendectomy was the most frequent emergency surgery (16.38%). In the burn intensive care unit, Syrian patients had longer stays (7.35 vs 4.36 days) and higher mortality rates (17.4% vs 0%), suggesting more severe presentations or delayed treatment access. Conclusion Our findings reveal significant hurdles in managing pediatric surgical cases, with growing caseloads, varied diagnostic patterns, and language obstacles creating daily difficulties. For refugee children specifically, we found their treatment outcomes improve when we use tailored risk assessment methods and work actively to bridge communication gaps. After 13 years Syrian children Border city Pediatric surgery Comparative Study Turkey Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Millions of Syrians have fled their country since the outbreak of the civil war on 15 March 2011 and have been accepted as refugees in neighbouring countries.¹ Turkey continues to be the leader among countries accepting Syrian refugees.²′³ The number of refugees registered under Temporary Protection Status is 2. 936,369 (as of 05.12.2024),⁴ the number of persons with residence permits is 73,177 (as of 05.12.2024)⁵ and the number of Turkish citizens of Syrian origin is 238,768 (as of August 2024).⁶ According to records, approximately 3,250,000 Syrians live in Turkey. The actual number is thought to be higher and is claimed to be around 5.3 million, including the unregistered.⁷ Syrian refugees make up 17.25% of Gaziantep's population. This is due to the suspension of new registrations and registration transfers as of 2017. Gaziantep, the second most densely populated province in Turkey, is one of the first settlement centres of Anatolia at the intersection of Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean. Being the crossing point of the historical Silk Road has ensured that the city has maintained its importance. Of the 103 million displaced people worldwide, 41 per cent are children.⁸ A significant number of these children do not have access to safe, affordable and timely surgical care. As accidents and injuries are common in young people, up to 85% of children in low- and middle-income countries may need surgical treatment by the age of 15.⁹ Difficulties accessing surgery and delays in treatment for refugee children are associated with significant mortality and morbidity.¹⁰ The few studies addressing the paediatric burden of surgery are generally small hospital-based surveys, which may not reflect the burden of disease in people without access to healthcare.¹¹ In this study, we aimed to raise awareness of early diagnosis and treatment and improve surgical outcomes by comparing the surgical needs of Syrian refugee and Turkish children treated in a paediatric surgery clinic in a border city 13 years after the start of the Syrian civil war. METHOD Study Population and Sample This study is a single-centre, retrospective, comparative cross-sectional study conducted between 5 October 2023 and 1 September 2024 in Gaziantep City Hospital near the Syrian border. The sample size was calculated based on a 95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error and an effect size of 0.80. All Syrian and Turkish patients under the age of 18 years, admitted to the Pediatric Surgery outpatient clinic, consulted in the Pediatric Emergency Department or hospitalised were included in the study. Patients with missing demographic information, incomplete diagnosis coding or incomplete follow-up were excluded from the study. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), clinical (diagnosis, surgical indication, duration of hospitalisation, mortality) and surgical intervention (elective/urgent surgery, type of surgery, time of admission) variables were evaluated using standardised definitions. Gaziantep is located 96.19 km north of Aleppo, 38.1 km from the border wall, and is the largest referral centre for paediatric surgery for Syrian refugees in the region. Study Procedures Data collection was performed by authorised researchers from the hospital electronic record system (HIS). All patient information was recorded on standardised forms, diagnoses were grouped according to ICD-10 and surgical procedures were grouped according to ICD-9-CM codes. Two independent investigators checked the records to improve data quality, and the third investigator made decisions in case of disagreements. Systematic checks were made for missing data and entry errors were corrected. The reliability of the data collection tools was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85), and treatment protocols were standardised according to national and international pediatric surgery guidelines. Intervention Protocol In the study, patients were divided into two groups as Syrian patients under international protection status and Turkish Republic citizen patients. No randomisation was performed and comparative analyses were performed between the groups in accordance with the retrospective cohort study design. Diagnosis and treatment protocols applied to all patients were performed in accordance with the standard treatment algorithms of the Paediatric Surgery Clinic. Emergency surgical interventions were performed as soon as possible after the indication and elective surgical interventions were performed in accordance with the planned surgery list. A special evaluation protocol was applied for burn cases, the burn percentage was calculated according to the Lund-Browder scheme, and depth assessment was performed by clinical examination. Postoperative follow-up was performed according to standard protocols and discharge criteria were the same for both groups. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) software. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum values for continuous variables and number and percentage for categorical variables. Student t-test was used for intergroup comparisons for normally distributed variables and Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed variables. Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. For missing data, listwise deletion method was applied in case of missing data less than 5% on variable basis, and multiple imputation method was applied in case of missing data between 5–20%. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age groups, gender, diagnosis groups and hospitalisation status in the burn intensive care unit. The risk ratio for mortality was calculated and 95% confidence interval was determined. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by Gaziantep City Hospital Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee on 16/10/2024 with protocol number 2024/65. The confidentiality and privacy of patient data were protected, and all data were analysed by anonymising them. Within the scope of the data management plan, the security of patient information was ensured on encrypted computers, and only authorised researchers were allowed access. The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines. STROBE (Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines were followed in reporting the article. Findings In the study conducted in Gaziantep City Hospital, demographic characteristics, diagnoses, treatment and hospitalisation processes of Syrian and Turkish paediatric surgery patients were compared. The study aims to evaluate the differences in access to healthcare services and patient clinical characteristics, especially in a region close to the Syrian border. The mean age of Syrian patients was 7.19 ± 5.42 years, while this value was 7.29 ± 5.57 years in Turkish patients. The proportion of male patients was 66.0% in Syrian patients and 67.9% in Turkish patients (p = 0.001). The mean duration of hospitalisation of Syrian patients was 6.72 ± 15.06 days, which was longer than that of Turkish patients (5.23 ± 13.58 days), suggesting that more serious cases were encountered in Syrian patients (p < 0.001). The proportion of hospitalised patients was 10.61% in Syrian patients and 9.24% in Turkish patients (Table 1). Table 1 Demographic and General Admission Characteristics Variable / Category Syrian (n = 10,429) Turkish (n = 15,201) p-value Mean Age (Years) 7.19 ± 5.42 7.29 ± 5.57 0.174 (NS) Median Age 6.09 6.10 - Min-Max Age 0.33–18 0.30–18 - Male Patient Ratio 66.0% (n = 6888) 67.9% (n = 10329) 0.001 Female Patient Ratio 34.0% (n = 3541) 32.0% (n = 4872) - Mean Length of Hospital Stay (Days) 6.72 ± 15.06 5.23 ± 13.58 < 0.001 Median Length of Hospital Stay 2.00 2.00 - Min-Max Length of Hospital Stay 0–228 0–163 - Number of Hospitalized Patients 1107 (10.61%) 1405 (9.24%) < 0.001 In terms of surgical interventions, the mean age of the operated patients was 4.87 ± 4.57 years in Syrians and 5.61 ± 5.11 years in Turks, and the median age was 4.00 years in both groups. The most common surgical interventions performed in Syrian children included inguinal hernia repair (one side) without graft (n=225), appendectomy (n=121) and circumcision (n=51). In Turkish children, the most common surgical interventions were inguinal hernia repair without graft (one side) (n=194), appendectomy (n=212) and circumcision (n=96). A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the distribution of surgical interventions (p<0.05) (Table 2). Table 2 Surgical Procedures and Operative Data (Revised) Variable / Surgery Syrian (n = 694) Turkish (n = 876) Total (n = 1570) Mean Age of Operated Patients (Mean ± SD) 4.87 ± 4.57 5.61 ± 5.11 5.28 ± 4.89 Median Age 4.00 4.00 4.00 Minimum - Maximum Age 1–17 1–18 1–18 Inguinal Hernia Repair without Graft (Unilateral) 225 194 419 Appendectomy 121 212 333 Circumcision 51 96 147 Undescended Testis Repair (Unilateral) 49 53 102 Hydrocelectomy (Unilateral) 34 20 54 Urethral/Bladder Stone Removal 30 3 33 Wound Debridement 30 3 33 Endoscopic Ureteral Stone Removal 16 8 24 Briderctomy 9 16 25 Diagnostic Cystoscopy 21 34 55 Hypospadias Repair (Distal) 27 56 83 Double J Ureteral Stent Placement 4 15 19 Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Unilateral) 11 10 21 Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Bilateral) 9 13 22 Esophageal Atresia Repair 2 2 4 Auricular Excision 1 1 2 Splenectomy 1 1 2 When the burn cases were analysed, it was observed that 3.8% of Syrians were hospitalised in the burn service, while this rate was 2.1% in Turks. The most common burn diagnosis was second degree burns of the trunk in both groups (91.5% in Syrians and 90.9% in Turks). The mean age of Syrian patients treated in the burn intensive care unit was 7.17 years, while this value was 10.43 years in Turkish patients. The mortality risk was 2.21 times higher in Syrian children compared to Turkish patients in burn cases (Table 3). Table 3 Burn Case Analysis Variable / Diagnosis Syrian (N) Syrian (%) Turkish (N) Turkish (%) Total (N) Total (%) Statistical Results Burn Unit Admission Status Admitted Patients 21 3.8% 34 2.1% 55 2.6% Non-Admitted Patients 529 96.2% 1562 97.9% 2091 97.4% Burn Diagnoses T21.2 - Second-degree burn of the trunk 503 91.5% 1451 90.9% 1954 91.1% T23.2 - Second-degree burn of the wrist and hand 14 2.5% 45 2.8% 59 2.7% T25.2 - Second-degree burn of the ankle and foot 17 3.1% 61 3.8% 78 3.6% T29.2 - Burns of multiple regions 7 1.3% 19 1.2% 26 1.2% T31.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface 3 0.5% 5 0.3% 8 0.4% Most Common Diagnoses in Burn ICU T29.2 - Second-degree burns of multiple regions 15 50.0% 19 35.2% 34 40.5% T21.2 - Second-degree burn of the trunk 3 10.0% 7 13.0% 10 11.9% T23.2 - Second-degree burn of the wrist and hand 3 10.0% 2 3.7% 5 6.0% T31.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface 2 6.7% 6 11.1% 8 9.5% Age Distribution in Burn ICU Mean Age 7.17 - 10.43 - 8.41 - Standard Deviation 5.82 - 6.95 - 6.38 - Median Age 5.00 - 10.50 - 6.00 - Minimum Age 0 - 1 - 0 - Maximum Age 16 - 18 - 18 - Burn ICU Length of Stay (Days) Mean Length of Stay 7.35 - 4.36 - 6.22 - Standard Deviation 12.89 - 3.59 - 10.41 - Median Length of Stay 3.00 - 4.00 - 4.00 - Minimum - Maximum Length of Stay 0–55 - 0–10 - 0–55 - Statistical Analysis Results Chi-square Test (Diagnosis Groups) χ² = 36.77, p = 0.659 Mann-Whitney U Test (Length of Stay) U = 1641.0, p = 0.292 Relative Risk (Mortality) RR = 2.21 In terms of the number of consultations, Syrian children accounted for 39.4% of the total consultations, while Turkish children accounted for 60.6%. The most common diagnoses were inguinal hernia (9.3%), second-degree burns of the trunk (8.2%) and undescended testis (5.4%) in Syrian children, while the most common diagnoses were second-degree burns of the trunk (9.5%), inguinal hernia (5.7%) and undescended testis (4.6%) in Turkish children. It was found that the distribution between the diagnosis groups showed a significant difference (p = 0.049) (Table 4). Table 4 Diagnosis and Consultation Distribution Variable / Diagnosis Syrian (N) Syrian (%) Turkish (N) Turkish (%) Total (N) Total (%) Statistical Results Pediatric Surgery Consultation Count (D5 Block) 888 39.4% 1,366 60.6% 2,254 100% Gender Distribution Male 513 57.8% 815 59.7% 1,328 58.9% Female 375 42.2% 551 40.3% 926 41.1% Most Common Diagnoses - Syrian Children K40 - Inguinal Hernia 965 9.3% 860 5.7% 1,825 7.1% T21.2 - Second-Degree Burn of the Trunk 856 8.2% 1,437 9.5% 2,293 8.9% Q53 - Undescended Testis 563 5.4% 706 4.6% 1,269 5.0% N13.3 - Hydronephrosis 488 4.7% 577 3.8% 1,065 4.2% Z54.0 - Post-Discharge Care 359 3.4% 413 2.7% 772 3.0% Most Common Diagnoses - Turkish Children T21.2 - Second-Degree Burn of the Trunk 856 8.2% 1,437 9.5% 2,293 8.9% K40 - Inguinal Hernia 965 9.3% 860 5.7% 1,825 7.1% Q53 - Undescended Testis 563 5.4% 706 4.6% 1,269 5.0% N47 - Redundant Prepuce, Phimosis 0 0.0% 639 4.2% 639 2.5% N13.3 - Hydronephrosis 488 4.7% 577 3.8% 1,065 4.2% Statistical Analysis Results Chi-square Test (Diagnosis Groups) - - - - χ² = 462.85, p = 0.049 - Fisher’s Exact Test - - - - p = 1.0 - Risk Ratio (T21.2 Diagnosis) - - - - RR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62–0.73) - The mean age of the patients in the burn service was 5.07 years in Syrians and 5.69 years in Turks, and the median age was 3 years in both groups. When the gender distribution in the burn intensive care unit was analysed, it was found that the proportion of males was 52.2% in Syrian patients and 85.7% in Turkish patients (p = 0.043). The mean duration of hospitalisation in Syrian patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit was 7.35 days, whereas it was 4.36 days in Turkish patients (p = 0.016). In addition, while the mortality rate was 17.4% in Syrian patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit, no mortality cases were recorded in Turkish patients (p = 0.029) (Table 5). Table 5 Hospitalization and Discharge Analysis Variable / Diagnosis Syrian (N) Syrian (%) Turkish (N) Turkish (%) Total (N) Total (%) p-value Test Age Distribution in Burn Unit Mean Age 5.07 - 5.69 - 5.50 - 0.086 Mann-Whitney U Standard Deviation 4.95 - 5.49 - 5.22 - - - Median Age 3 - 3 - 3 - - - Minimum Age 0 - 0 - 0 - - - Maximum Age 17 - 18 - 18 - - - Gender Distribution in Burn Unit Male 293 53.3% 894 56.0% 1187 55.3% 0.132 Chi-square Female 257 46.7% 702 44.0% 959 44.7% - - Gender Distribution in Burn ICU Male 12 52.2% 12 85.7% 24 64.9% 0.043* Fisher’s exact Female 11 47.8% 2 14.3% 13 35.1% - - Discharge Type from Burn ICU Discharged in Good Condition 19 82.6% 14 100.0% 33 89.2% 0.029* Fisher’s exact Death 4 17.4% 0 0.0% 4 10.8% - - Length of Stay in Burn ICU (Days) Mean Length of Stay 7.35 - 4.36 - 6.22 - 0.016* Mann-Whitney U Standard Deviation 12.89 - 3.59 - 10.41 - - - Median Length of Stay 3 - 4 - 4 - - - Minimum - Maximum Length of Stay 0–55 - 0–10 - 0–55 - - - Diagnoses More Common in Syrians T29.2 - Second-Degree Burns of Multiple Regions 2 8.7% 0 0.0% 2 5.4% 0.038* Fisher’s exact T31.6 - Burns Covering 60–69% of Body Surface 2 8.7% 0 0.0% 2 5.4% 0.038* Fisher’s exact W87 - Exposure to Electric Current 1 4.3% 0 0.0% 1 2.7% 0.107 Fisher’s exact Diagnoses More Common in Turks T31.3 - Burns Covering 30–39% of Body Surface 2 8.7% 2 14.3% 4 10.8% 0.628 Fisher’s exact Z00.0 - General Medical Examination 1 4.3% 3 21.4% 4 10.8% 0.048* Fisher’s exact T31.4 + W86 - Electrical Burns 0 0.0% 1 7.1% 1 2.7% 0.135 Fisher’s exact Between 5 October 2023 and 1 September 2024, the total number of appendectomies performed monthly and the distribution of Syrian and Turkish patients are presented. Since the hospital was in the process of moving in August 2023, no cases were accepted during this period. The highest number of appendectomies was recorded in January 2024, while the proportion of Syrian patients remained lower compared to Turkish patients in all months (Fig. 1). Furthermore, when emergency admissions were analysed according to age groups, it was observed that boys were more common in all age groups (Fig. 2). Discussion Following the Syrian civil war, TURKEY has become the neighbouring country with the largest number of registered refugees.¹² Pediatric surgery is a critical treatment area for paediatric patients and its role in reducing global child health inequalities is increasing day by day.¹³ However, research focusing on paediatric surgical conditions and forced migration refugees is still insufficient. This study compared Syrian and Turkish paediatric patients treated at Gaziantep City Hospital near the Syrian border 13 years after the start of the Syrian civil war. The study shows that there are significant differences in refugee children's access to healthcare services. It is noteworthy that Syrian children are admitted to hospital at an earlier age and stay longer. This may be due to nutritional deficiencies, difficult living conditions and problems in health follow-up. Differences in gender distribution point to gender-based inequalities in access to health services. In the study, it was observed that Syrian children generally presented to the hospital with more severe conditions and encountered conditions requiring more intensive treatment. In our study, the mean age of Syrian patients (7.19 ± 5.42 years) was lower than that of Turkish patients (7.29 ± 5.57 years), indicating that the refugee population has a younger demographic structure. This suggests that Syrian children had to apply to health services at an early age due to factors such as nutrition, living conditions or health follow-up. In terms of gender distribution, the higher proportion of males in Turkish patients (67.9%) compared to Syrian patients (66.0%) may indicate gender-based differences in access to healthcare services. The average length of stay of Syrian patients (6.72 days) was longer than that of Turkish patients (5.23 days), indicating that refugee children are likely to present to hospital with more serious cases.¹⁴ The higher proportion of Turkish patients (15201) compared to Syrian patients (10429) in the general patient population and the similar distribution of paediatric emergency admissions (Turks 59.31%, Syrians 40.69%) support that there may still be limitations in access to healthcare services. It should be noted that these rates in emergency applications are not directly shown in the tables. Refugee children are more likely to present to the emergency department with highly acute conditions and at a younger age compared to resident children, resulting in higher inpatient rates.¹³ In a study of refugee children in Turkey, Syrian children had higher overall hospitalisation rates (10.61%) and higher mortality rates in the burn ICU (17.4%).¹³ These mortality rates included 4 deaths in Syrian patients and no deaths in Turkish patients. Surgical interventions are critical components of paediatric health services and early diagnosis and timely intervention directly affect the prognosis of patients.¹³′¹⁶ In our study, 1570 elective surgeries were performed and the most common elective surgical procedure was inguinal hernia repair (n = 419, 26.7%). As reported in the literature, the high incidence of inguinal hernia in immigrant children is associated with genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies and difficulties in accessing healthcare services.¹⁷ The most common operation performed in emergency surgeries was appendectomy (n = 333, 16.38%); this finding suggests that Syrian children present to healthcare services at a later stage and with acute presentations.¹⁴ When the duration of hospitalisation was evaluated, the mean length of hospitalisation was 2.04 days for Syrian patients and 2.11 days for Turkish patients, and this difference was not statistically significant. In the general patient population, the mean length of hospitalisation was higher (6.72 days for Syrian patients and 5.23 days for Turkish patients). Previous studies have reported that Syrian children usually present with more severe clinical presentations and length of stay is prolonged in some cases.¹⁷ The most common surgical procedures performed among Turkish patients were appendectomy (n = 212), inguinal hernia repair (n = 194) and circumcision (n = 96). This shows that paediatric urological surgeries are an important healthcare need for Turkish children. Our study reveals that the surgical intervention needs of Syrian children may differ due to their limited access to healthcare services and that they usually present at an advanced stage. As emphasised in our previous analyses, Turkish patients present to the healthcare system at an earlier stage and undergo surgical procedures for a wider range of reasons, whereas the high rates of surgical indications in Syrian patients point to differences in access to healthcare services.¹⁵′¹⁸ Improving the integration of migrant children into healthcare services is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of surgically critical cases. The analysis of burn cases in our study showed that the rate of hospitalisation of Syrian patients (3.8%) was higher than that of Turkish patients (2.1%). The most common burn diagnosis in both groups was second-degree burns of the torso (91.5% in Syrians and 90.9% in Turks), but burns affecting large areas and burns of multiple sites were more common in Syrian patients (50.0%). Data on these burn cases are clearly shown in the tables. The striking finding was that the mean age of Syrian patients treated in the burn intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly lower (7.17 years) than Turkish patients (10.43 years). When mortality rates in burn ICU were evaluated, no mortality cases were recorded in Turkish patients compared to 17.4% mortality rate in Syrian patients. This may be related to factors such as language barrier, economic status or delayed access to healthcare services.¹⁹′²⁰ When the length of hospitalisation was analysed, the mean length of hospitalisation of Syrian patients (7.35 days) was significantly longer than that of Turkish patients (4.36 days). Minor burns involving less than 10% of the body surface were more common in Turkish patients (11.1%), while burns of the wrist and hand were more common in Syrian patients (10.0% vs 3.7%). In our study, Turkish patients constituted 60.6% and Syrian patients constituted 39.4% of paediatric surgery consultations. In the distribution of post-consultation diagnoses, inguinal hernia (9.3%), second-degree burns of the trunk (8.2%) and undescended testis (5.4%) were the most common diagnoses in Syrian patients, while second-degree burns of the trunk (9.5%), inguinal hernia (5.7%) and undescended testis (4.6%) were the most common diagnoses in Turkish patients. This suggests that Syrian children present to health services with more advanced diseases requiring surgery. Previous studies have shown that surgical pathologies such as inguinal hernia may be more common in migrant children, and this may be related to nutritional deficiencies, low birth weight or genetic factors.¹⁷′²¹ The high rates of burn cases are noteworthy. A study conducted in Turkey showed that Syrian refugee children had longer hospitalisation and higher mortality rates due to burns.²¹ Our findings support that burn cases may be more severe in Syrian children. This may be associated with late presentation due to language barrier, lack of familiarity with the healthcare system and social factors.¹⁴ In gender distribution, the proportion of male patients is high in both groups: 57.8%/42.2% for Syrian patients and 59.7%/40.3% for Turkish patients. However, in the general patient population, these ratios are 66.0%/34.0% in Syrians and 67.9%/32.0% in Turks. Since it is known that boys are more prone to congenital surgical diseases, this finding is consistent with the literature.¹⁵ The fact that Syrian children present with conditions requiring emergency surgery more often indicates that access to emergency health services should be increased and early diagnosis should be encouraged. These data emphasise the need for systematic arrangements to improve refugee children's access to healthcare services. In our study, Turkish patients had a higher number of operations than Syrian patients (876 vs. 694). When calculated according to the number of admitted patients, Syrian patients had a higher elective surgery rate than Turkish patients (6.65% vs. 5.76%). It should be noted that these rates are not directly shown in the tables. Syrian patients may have a higher rate of diseases requiring surgery. This finding suggests that the indication for elective surgery is higher among Syrian patients. We think that Syrian patients usually present to healthcare services at advanced stages requiring surgical intervention. Turkish children present to the healthcare system at an earlier stage. Since the overall admission rate of Turkish patients is higher, conditions that do not require elective surgery may be included in the admissions. This may make the rate of Turkish children requiring surgery relatively low. The need for surgical intervention may be higher in Syrian children due to reasons such as nutrition, genetic factors, living conditions or late diagnosis. The higher rate of surgery in Syrian patients is probably related to the difference in access to healthcare services and late diagnosis of diseases. In our study, the total number of appendectomies was 333, of which 212 were performed in Turkish patients and 121 in Syrian patients. The most common months for appendectomy were November 2023 and July 2024, followed by October 2023 and June 2024. The month with the least number of operations was May 2024. The mean age of Syrian children was 10.94 years (2–17 years), the mean age of Turkish children was 12.34 years (1–17 years), and the general mean age was 11.89 years, and the age difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It is important to note that these appendectomy mean ages are not directly shown in the tables. Syrian children undergo appendectomy at an earlier age compared to Turkish children. This may be related to late access to healthcare services and late diagnosis. According to the results of one study, the most common month for appendicitis cases is July.²²² Another study reported that the most common period for appendicitis cases in the summer months is associated with rainfall and sunlight hours.²³ A total of 462 emergency surgical interventions were performed in our study (Turkish: 312 (67.5%), Syrian: 150 (32.5%)), the mean age of Syrian patients operated in the emergency department (9.8 years) was lower than that of Turkish patients (10.95 years). The total number of patients examined in outpatient clinics was 19,492 (Syrian: 7,465 (38.29%), Turkish: 12,027 (61.70%)) and the male/female ratio was 3.35. When the number of inpatients was analysed, a total of 2,512 patients (1,107 Syrian patients and 1,405 Turkish patients) were hospitalised, and it was observed that the rate of hospitalisation was higher for Syrian patients (10.61%) compared to Turkish patients (9.24%).²⁴ Possible reasons for this may include Turkish patients being more familiar with the hospital system and Syrian patients experiencing deficiencies in follow-up processes due to social, language or access problems.¹⁵ Higher utilisation rates for emergency departments have been shown in many refugee populations²⁵ and asylum-seeking children have been reported to account for 82.2% of non-emergency conditions in emergency department visits.²⁶ The rate was 25.91% (355/1370) in Turkish patients and 20.28% (84/414) in Syrian patients. This difference may be related to the high number of refugee children with acute conditions, delayed presentation, caregiver's inability to recognise serious medical conditions, language barriers or cultural predisposition towards traditional care-seeking practices.¹⁹ The important limitations of this study are that it was conducted in a single centre and the generalisability of the results is limited due to its retrospective design. However, our study also has strengths. The fact that it was performed in a large centre in the border region, that it included a large patient population and that detailed clinical data were examined increases the value of our study. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first report in the literature comparing Syrian and Turkish children with a special focus on paediatric surgical diseases. In future studies, it is recommended that multicentre and prospective designs should be used, patient follow-up periods should be extended and quality of life assessments should be added. Also it is crucial to explore in detail the barriers to access of health services in future work and to design intervention studies to enhance the access of refugee children to health services. Conclusion Although the number of refugee children presenting to emergency departments with acute conditions has decreased, they continue to present at younger ages and receive more inpatient treatment. This suggests that Syrian children are reaching health services later and presenting with more serious conditions. Studies examining admission criteria for early diagnosis and better surgical outcomes in young refugee children and developing strategies to increase access to preventive services can help us understand the reasons for this difference. This situation reflects differences in gender distribution and inequalities in access to health services. In order to reduce the length of hospital stays of Syrian children, it is necessary to increase their access to healthcare services through awareness-raising activities and to stabilise consultation rates. As burn rates are high, prevention programmes and special treatment units can be established. Special rehabilitation processes can be developed for large surface burns. Since circumcision surgery is more common in Turkish children, health policies can be organised accordingly. Since there are limited studies on this subject in the literature, this study aims to be a pioneering step in the comparison of Syrian and Turkish patients in paediatric surgery. Declarations Acknowledgment: N/A Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose. Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was conducted retrospectively, and therefore, informed consent from individual participants was not required. Clinical trial number: not applicable. This study was conducted retrospectively using data obtained from hospital records. The need for informed consent was waived by the local ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. This study was approved by Gaziantep City Hospital Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee on 16/10/2024 with protocol number 2024/65. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Data availability: Data used in this study can be provided on reasonable request. AUTHOR INFORMATION References UNHCR. Syria refugee crisis explained. UNHCR: BM Mülteci Ajansı. March 14, 2023. Available at: https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/Accessed March 15, 2025 UNHCR. Situation Syria regional refugee response. Data2.unhcr.org. Available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria. Accessed February 19, 2022 Birgün. Ülkesine dönen ve Türkiye'de kayıt altına alınan Suriyelilerin sayısı açıklandı. Birgun.net. August 12, 2022. Available at: https://www.birgun.net/haber/ulkesine-donen-ve-turkiye-de-kayit-altina-alinan-suriyelilerin-sayisi-aciklandi-397609 Accessed March 15, 2025 Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Geçici koruma. Goc.gov.tr. Available at: https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma. Accessed March 15, 2025 Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. İkamet izinleri. Goc.gov.tr. Available at: https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet-izinleri. Accessed March 15, 2025 BBC Türkçe. Bakan Yerlikaya: 238 bin 55 Suriyeli vatandaşlık aldı. BBC.com. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c1e29v09d3eo. Accessed March 15, 2025 Twitter. Türkiye'de kayıtlı ve kayıtsız toplam 5.3 Milyon Suriyeli var. Türk milletine soruyorum; 5.3 Milyon Suriyeli için ne yapılmasını istiyorsunuz? August 20, 2022. Available at: https://twitter.com. Accessed March 15, 2025 UNHCR. Refugees UNHCR for. UNHCR-refugee statistics. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/. Accessed April 30, 2021 Bickler SW, Rode H. Surgical services for children in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2002;80(10):829. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567648/. Accessed November 2, 2021 Butterworth SA, Zivkovic I, Kim S, et al. Major morbidity and mortality associated with delays to emergent surgery in children: a risk-adjusted analysis. Can J Surg 2023; 66: 123-131 Sahin A, Agar A, Hancerli CO, et al. Epidemiologic study of Syrian refugees underwent surgery due to fracture in a tertiary reference hospital in Turkey. Cureus. 2021;13(2): 13323 UNHCR. Türkiye fact sheet. February 2023. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/tr/en/factsheets-and-dashboards. Accessed March 15, 2025 Emil S, Fant C, Erik N, et al. Recent progress and current challenges in the care of the child around the world. J Pediatr Surg. 2025; 162238 Al Shamsi H, Almutairi AG, Al Mashrafi S, et al. Implications of language barriers for healthcare: a systematic review. Oman Med J. 2020; 35: 122 Baris HE, Yildiz Silahli N, Gul NA, et al. Rates of emergency room visits and hospitalizations among refugee and resident children in a tertiary hospital in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr 2022;181(8):2953-2960. Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Lancet. 2015; 386(9993): 569-624 Yucel H, Akcaboy M, Oztek Celebi FZ, et al. Analysis of refugee children hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric hospital. J Immigr Minor Health 2021;23:11-18 Ademuyiwa AO, Odugbemi TO, Bode CO, et al. Prevalence of surgically correctable conditions among children in a mixed urban-rural community in Nigeria using the SOSAS survey tool: implications for paediatric surgical capacity-building. PLoS One. 2019; 14(10): 0223423 Stokes SC, Jackson JE, Beres AL. Impact of limited English proficiency on definitive care in pediatric appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2021; 267:284-292 Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı, Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Götürü bedeli sağlık hizmet protokolü. Khgmbutcemuhasebedb.saglik.gov.tr. October 28, 2019. Available at: https://khgmbutcemuhasebedb.saglik.gov.tr/TR,44058/saglik-bakanligi-afad-ve-goc-idaresi-genel-mudurlugu-arasinda-goturu-bedel-saglik-hizmeti-protokolu.html. Accessed March 15, 2025 Buyukbese Sarsu S, Budeyri A. Mortality risk factors in war-related pediatric burns: a comparative study among two distinct populations. Burns. 2018; 44(5):1210-1227 Daniel L, Negash F. Seasonal variations and the associated factors of acute appendicitis at a tertiary hospital: a case of SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. medRxiv 2024. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.06.24305309 Pande T, Mohanty Z, Nair A, et al. Seasonal variation of acute appendicitis: an armed forces experience of high altitude. Med J Armed Forces India. 2021; 77(4):479-484 Oziri A, Schnapper M, Ovadia A, et al. Higher rates of hospitalizations among pediatric refugees than local population attending the emergency department and longer in-patient stay. Isr Med Assoc. J 2023;25(5):333-338 Brandenberger J, Bozorgmehr K, Vogt F, et al. Preventable admissions and emergency-department visits in pediatric asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking patients. Int J Equity Health 2020;19:1-8 Yalaki Z, Taşar M, Saç R, et al. Evaluation of child refugees’ reasons for applying to hospital: Ankara experience. J Contemp Med. 2020 ;10(4):510-515 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6813106","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":469587855,"identity":"839e122f-f287-4c0b-be45-654ca34a9b21","order_by":0,"name":"SEVGİ BÜYÜKBEŞE SARSU","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYgwcMDYtqAuI0HSNGSBuaSpOUwWACvFvn2s48/8+44nLjhzNmDD39UnLdb234YaEuNTTQuLQZn0s2kec8AtZztSzbmOXM7eduZRKCWY2m5Dbi0MKSxMfO2AbWc5zGTZmy7nWx2AKiFseEwTi3y/c+YP0O1mP/8+e9cstn5h/i1MNxIY5AGaznbY8bA23DAzuwGAVsMbjxjk5x7Jt145plzydI8x5ITzG4AbUnA4xf5/jTmD293WMv2nck9+PFHjZ292fn0hw8+1NjgdhgUOMIUJIIZCQSUg4A9BmMUjIJRMApGAQwAADRLaZ4v4UfPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"SEVGİ","middleName":"BÜYÜKBEŞE","lastName":"SARSU","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-03 15:53:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84665263,"identity":"87df23f6-024b-4fe9-abef-5b25a417bf07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-16 05:36:03","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":375850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMonthly Distribution of Appendectomies Performed on Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Patients, October 5, 2023 - September 1, 2024: Total appendectomy counts per month, indicating the number of procedures among Turkish and Syrian pediatric patients separately\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"fig1END.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6813106/v1/159356bc2a39e7069b9248cb.png"},{"id":84665262,"identity":"79e369f8-ac62-43f4-9ec1-b6daa9ac890b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-16 05:36:03","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":214576,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmergency Admissions Summary by Age Group and Gender:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nA bar chart illustrating the distribution of emergency admissions categorized by age group and gender. The blue bars represent male patients, the pink bars represent female patients, and the gray bars indicate the total number of patients within each age group.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"fig2END.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6813106/v1/d5dfb157975c22febab5f326.png"},{"id":84697023,"identity":"6f197d6d-6172-4355-8a01-f5b190913275","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-16 10:47:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2048221,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6813106/v1/8baf68ec-e231-42e1-a0fe-1e8d6633dec1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Comparative Study of Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Surgery Patients Admitted to Gaziantep City Hospital Near the Syrian Border","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMillions of Syrians have fled their country since the outbreak of the civil war on 15 March 2011 and have been accepted as refugees in neighbouring countries.\u0026sup1; Turkey continues to be the leader among countries accepting Syrian refugees.\u0026sup2;\u0026prime;\u0026sup3; The number of refugees registered under Temporary Protection Status is 2. 936,369 (as of 05.12.2024),⁴ the number of persons with residence permits is 73,177 (as of 05.12.2024)⁵ and the number of Turkish citizens of Syrian origin is 238,768 (as of August 2024).⁶ According to records, approximately 3,250,000 Syrians live in Turkey. The actual number is thought to be higher and is claimed to be around 5.3\u0026nbsp;million, including the unregistered.⁷ Syrian refugees make up 17.25% of Gaziantep's population. This is due to the suspension of new registrations and registration transfers as of 2017.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGaziantep, the second most densely populated province in Turkey, is one of the first settlement centres of Anatolia at the intersection of Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean. Being the crossing point of the historical Silk Road has ensured that the city has maintained its importance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the 103\u0026nbsp;million displaced people worldwide, 41 per cent are children.⁸ A significant number of these children do not have access to safe, affordable and timely surgical care. As accidents and injuries are common in young people, up to 85% of children in low- and middle-income countries may need surgical treatment by the age of 15.⁹ Difficulties accessing surgery and delays in treatment for refugee children are associated with significant mortality and morbidity.\u0026sup1;⁰\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe few studies addressing the paediatric burden of surgery are generally small hospital-based surveys, which may not reflect the burden of disease in people without access to healthcare.\u0026sup1;\u0026sup1; In this study, we aimed to raise awareness of early diagnosis and treatment and improve surgical outcomes by comparing the surgical needs of Syrian refugee and Turkish children treated in a paediatric surgery clinic in a border city 13 years after the start of the Syrian civil war.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHOD","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy Population and Sample\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study is a single-centre, retrospective, comparative cross-sectional \u003cstrong\u003estudy\u003c/strong\u003e conducted between 5 October 2023 and 1 September 2024 in Gaziantep City Hospital near the Syrian border. The sample size was calculated based on a 95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error and an effect size of 0.80. All Syrian and Turkish patients under the age of 18 years, admitted to the Pediatric Surgery outpatient clinic, consulted in the Pediatric Emergency Department or hospitalised were included in the study. Patients with missing demographic information, incomplete diagnosis coding or incomplete follow-up were excluded from the study. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), clinical (diagnosis, surgical indication, duration of hospitalisation, mortality) and surgical intervention (elective/urgent surgery, type of surgery, time of admission) variables were evaluated using standardised definitions. Gaziantep is located 96.19 km north of Aleppo, 38.1 km from the border wall, and is the largest referral centre for paediatric surgery for Syrian refugees in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Procedures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData collection was performed by authorised researchers from the hospital electronic record system (HIS). All patient information was recorded on standardised forms, diagnoses were grouped according to ICD-10 and surgical procedures were grouped according to ICD-9-CM codes. Two independent investigators checked the records to improve data quality, and the third investigator made decisions in case of disagreements. Systematic checks were made for missing data and entry errors were corrected. The reliability of the data collection tools was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85), and treatment protocols were standardised according to national and international pediatric surgery guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIntervention Protocol\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study, patients were divided into two groups as Syrian patients under international protection status and Turkish Republic citizen patients. No randomisation was performed and comparative analyses were performed between the groups in accordance with the retrospective cohort study design. Diagnosis and treatment protocols applied to all patients were performed in accordance with the standard treatment algorithms of the Paediatric Surgery Clinic. Emergency surgical interventions were performed as soon as possible after the indication and elective surgical interventions were performed in accordance with the planned surgery list. A special evaluation protocol was applied for burn cases, the burn percentage was calculated according to the Lund-Browder scheme, and depth assessment was performed by clinical examination. Postoperative follow-up was performed according to standard protocols and discharge criteria were the same for both groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) software. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum values for continuous variables and number and percentage for categorical variables. Student t-test was used for intergroup comparisons for normally distributed variables and Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed variables. Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Significance level was accepted as p \u0026lt; 0.05. For missing data, listwise deletion method was applied in case of missing data less than 5% on variable basis, and multiple imputation method was applied in case of missing data between 5–20%. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age groups, gender, diagnosis groups and hospitalisation status in the burn intensive care unit. The risk ratio for mortality was calculated and 95% confidence interval was determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was approved by Gaziantep City Hospital Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee on 16/10/2024 with protocol number 2024/65. The confidentiality and privacy of patient data were protected, and all data were analysed by anonymising them. Within the scope of the data management plan, the security of patient information was ensured on encrypted computers, and only authorised researchers were allowed access. The study protocol was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines. STROBE (Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines were followed in reporting the article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Findings","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the study conducted in Gaziantep City Hospital, demographic characteristics, diagnoses, treatment and hospitalisation processes of Syrian and Turkish paediatric surgery patients were compared. The study aims to evaluate the differences in access to healthcare services and patient clinical characteristics, especially in a region close to the Syrian border.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean age of Syrian patients was 7.19 ± 5.42 years, while this value was 7.29 ± 5.57 years in Turkish patients. The proportion of male patients was 66.0% in Syrian patients and 67.9% in Turkish patients (p = 0.001). The mean duration of hospitalisation of Syrian patients was 6.72 ± 15.06 days, which was longer than that of Turkish patients (5.23 ± 13.58 days), suggesting that more serious cases were encountered in Syrian patients (p \u0026lt; 0.001). The proportion of hospitalised patients was 10.61% in Syrian patients and 9.24% in Turkish patients (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic and General Admission Characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable / Category\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (n = 10,429)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (n = 15,201)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Age (Years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.19 ± 5.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.29 ± 5.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.174 (NS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMin-Max Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33–18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30–18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale Patient Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.0% (n = 6888)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.9% (n = 10329)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale Patient Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.0% (n = 3541)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.0% (n = 4872)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Length of Hospital Stay (Days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.72 ± 15.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.23 ± 13.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Length of Hospital Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMin-Max Length of Hospital Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of Hospitalized Patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1107 (10.61%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1405 (9.24%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of surgical interventions, the mean age of the operated patients was 4.87 ± 4.57 years in Syrians and 5.61 ± 5.11 years in Turks, and the median age was 4.00 years in both groups. The most common surgical interventions performed in Syrian children included inguinal hernia repair (one side) without graft (n=225), appendectomy (n=121) and circumcision (n=51). In Turkish children, the most common surgical interventions were inguinal hernia repair without graft (one side) (n=194), appendectomy (n=212) and circumcision (n=96). A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the distribution of surgical interventions (p\u0026lt;0.05) (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurgical Procedures and Operative Data (Revised)\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable / Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (n = 694)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (n = 876)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (n = 1570)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Age of Operated Patients (Mean ± SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.87 ± 4.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.61 ± 5.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.28 ± 4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum - Maximum Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1–17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1–18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1–18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInguinal Hernia Repair without Graft (Unilateral)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e419\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAppendectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCircumcision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndescended Testis Repair (Unilateral)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHydrocelectomy (Unilateral)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrethral/Bladder Stone Removal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWound Debridement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEndoscopic Ureteral Stone Removal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBriderctomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Cystoscopy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypospadias Repair (Distal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDouble J Ureteral Stent Placement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Unilateral)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncarcerated Inguinal Hernia (Bilateral)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEsophageal Atresia Repair\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAuricular Excision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSplenectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the burn cases were analysed, it was observed that 3.8% of Syrians were hospitalised in the burn service, while this rate was 2.1% in Turks. The most common burn diagnosis was second degree burns of the trunk in both groups (91.5% in Syrians and 90.9% in Turks). The mean age of Syrian patients treated in the burn intensive care unit was 7.17 years, while this value was 10.43 years in Turkish patients. The mortality risk was 2.21 times higher in Syrian children compared to Turkish patients in burn cases (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBurn Case Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable / Diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical Results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurn Unit Admission Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdmitted Patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-Admitted Patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e529\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1562\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurn Diagnoses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT21.2 - Second-degree burn of the trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e503\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT23.2 - Second-degree burn of the wrist and hand\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT25.2 - Second-degree burn of the ankle and foot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT29.2 - Burns of multiple regions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT31.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost Common Diagnoses in Burn ICU\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT29.2 - Second-degree burns of multiple regions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT21.2 - Second-degree burn of the trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT23.2 - Second-degree burn of the wrist and hand\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT31.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge Distribution in Burn ICU\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurn ICU Length of Stay (Days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum - Maximum Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical Analysis Results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChi-square Test (Diagnosis Groups)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eχ² = 36.77, p = 0.659\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney U Test (Length of Stay)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eU = 1641.0, p = 0.292\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRelative Risk (Mortality)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRR = 2.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of the number of consultations, Syrian children accounted for 39.4% of the total consultations, while Turkish children accounted for 60.6%. The most common diagnoses were inguinal hernia (9.3%), second-degree burns of the trunk (8.2%) and undescended testis (5.4%) in Syrian children, while the most common diagnoses were second-degree burns of the trunk (9.5%), inguinal hernia (5.7%) and undescended testis (4.6%) in Turkish children. It was found that the distribution between the diagnosis groups showed a significant difference (p = 0.049) (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiagnosis and Consultation Distribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable / Diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical Results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePediatric Surgery Consultation Count (D5 Block)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e888\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender Distribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e551\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e926\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost Common Diagnoses - Syrian Children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK40 - Inguinal Hernia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e965\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e860\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT21.2 - Second-Degree Burn of the Trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e856\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,437\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ53 - Undescended Testis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e563\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN13.3 - Hydronephrosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZ54.0 - Post-Discharge Care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e359\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost Common Diagnoses - Turkish Children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT21.2 - Second-Degree Burn of the Trunk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e856\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,437\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK40 - Inguinal Hernia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e965\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e860\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ53 - Undescended Testis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e563\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN47 - Redundant Prepuce, Phimosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN13.3 - Hydronephrosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical Analysis Results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChi-square Test (Diagnosis Groups)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eχ² = 462.85, p = 0.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s Exact Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep = 1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRisk Ratio (T21.2 Diagnosis)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62–0.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean age of the patients in the burn service was 5.07 years in Syrians and 5.69 years in Turks, and the median age was 3 years in both groups. When the gender distribution in the burn intensive care unit was analysed, it was found that the proportion of males was 52.2% in Syrian patients and 85.7% in Turkish patients (p = 0.043). The mean duration of hospitalisation in Syrian patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit was 7.35 days, whereas it was 4.36 days in Turkish patients (p = 0.016). In addition, while the mortality rate was 17.4% in Syrian patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit, no mortality cases were recorded in Turkish patients (p = 0.029) (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHospitalization and Discharge Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable / Diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyrian (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTurkish (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge Distribution in Burn Unit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney U\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum Age\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender Distribution in Burn Unit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e894\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChi-square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e959\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender Distribution in Burn ICU\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDischarge Type from Burn ICU\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDischarged in Good Condition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.029*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeath\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in Burn ICU (Days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney U\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum - Maximum Length of Stay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0–55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnoses More Common in Syrians\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT29.2 - Second-Degree Burns of Multiple Regions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT31.6 - Burns Covering 60–69% of Body Surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eW87 - Exposure to Electric Current\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnoses More Common in Turks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT31.3 - Burns Covering 30–39% of Body Surface\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZ00.0 - General Medical Examination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.048*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT31.4 + W86 - Electrical Burns\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher’s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween 5 October 2023 and 1 September 2024, the total number of appendectomies performed monthly and the distribution of Syrian and Turkish patients are presented. Since the hospital was in the process of moving in August 2023, no cases were accepted during this period. The highest number of appendectomies was recorded in January 2024, while the proportion of Syrian patients remained lower compared to Turkish patients in all months (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, when emergency admissions were analysed according to age groups, it was observed that boys were more common in all age groups (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eFollowing the Syrian civil war, TURKEY has become the neighbouring country with the largest number of registered refugees.\u0026sup1;\u0026sup2; Pediatric surgery is a critical treatment area for paediatric patients and its role in reducing global child health inequalities is increasing day by day.\u0026sup1;\u0026sup3; However, research focusing on paediatric surgical conditions and forced migration refugees is still insufficient.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study compared Syrian and Turkish paediatric patients treated at Gaziantep City Hospital near the Syrian border 13 years after the start of the Syrian civil war. The study shows that there are significant differences in refugee children's access to healthcare services. It is noteworthy that Syrian children are admitted to hospital at an earlier age and stay longer. This may be due to nutritional deficiencies, difficult living conditions and problems in health follow-up. Differences in gender distribution point to gender-based inequalities in access to health services. In the study, it was observed that Syrian children generally presented to the hospital with more severe conditions and encountered conditions requiring more intensive treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, the mean age of Syrian patients (7.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.42 years) was lower than that of Turkish patients (7.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.57 years), indicating that the refugee population has a younger demographic structure. This suggests that Syrian children had to apply to health services at an early age due to factors such as nutrition, living conditions or health follow-up. In terms of gender distribution, the higher proportion of males in Turkish patients (67.9%) compared to Syrian patients (66.0%) may indicate gender-based differences in access to healthcare services. The average length of stay of Syrian patients (6.72 days) was longer than that of Turkish patients (5.23 days), indicating that refugee children are likely to present to hospital with more serious cases.\u0026sup1;⁴\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe higher proportion of Turkish patients (15201) compared to Syrian patients (10429) in the general patient population and the similar distribution of paediatric emergency admissions (Turks 59.31%, Syrians 40.69%) support that there may still be limitations in access to healthcare services. It should be noted that these rates in emergency applications are not directly shown in the tables. Refugee children are more likely to present to the emergency department with highly acute conditions and at a younger age compared to resident children, resulting in higher inpatient rates.\u0026sup1;\u0026sup3; In a study of refugee children in Turkey, Syrian children had higher overall hospitalisation rates (10.61%) and higher mortality rates in the burn ICU (17.4%).\u0026sup1;\u0026sup3; These mortality rates included 4 deaths in Syrian patients and no deaths in Turkish patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical interventions are critical components of paediatric health services and early diagnosis and timely intervention directly affect the prognosis of patients.\u0026sup1;\u0026sup3;\u0026prime;\u0026sup1;⁶ In our study, 1570 elective surgeries were performed and the most common elective surgical procedure was inguinal hernia repair (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;419, 26.7%). As reported in the literature, the high incidence of inguinal hernia in immigrant children is associated with genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies and difficulties in accessing healthcare services.\u0026sup1;⁷ The most common operation performed in emergency surgeries was appendectomy (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;333, 16.38%); this finding suggests that Syrian children present to healthcare services at a later stage and with acute presentations.\u0026sup1;⁴\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the duration of hospitalisation was evaluated, the mean length of hospitalisation was 2.04 days for Syrian patients and 2.11 days for Turkish patients, and this difference was not statistically significant. In the general patient population, the mean length of hospitalisation was higher (6.72 days for Syrian patients and 5.23 days for Turkish patients). Previous studies have reported that Syrian children usually present with more severe clinical presentations and length of stay is prolonged in some cases.\u0026sup1;⁷ The most common surgical procedures performed among Turkish patients were appendectomy (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;212), inguinal hernia repair (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;194) and circumcision (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;96). This shows that paediatric urological surgeries are an important healthcare need for Turkish children.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study reveals that the surgical intervention needs of Syrian children may differ due to their limited access to healthcare services and that they usually present at an advanced stage. As emphasised in our previous analyses, Turkish patients present to the healthcare system at an earlier stage and undergo surgical procedures for a wider range of reasons, whereas the high rates of surgical indications in Syrian patients point to differences in access to healthcare services.\u0026sup1;⁵\u0026prime;\u0026sup1;⁸ Improving the integration of migrant children into healthcare services is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of surgically critical cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of burn cases in our study showed that the rate of hospitalisation of Syrian patients (3.8%) was higher than that of Turkish patients (2.1%). The most common burn diagnosis in both groups was second-degree burns of the torso (91.5% in Syrians and 90.9% in Turks), but burns affecting large areas and burns of multiple sites were more common in Syrian patients (50.0%). Data on these burn cases are clearly shown in the tables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe striking finding was that the mean age of Syrian patients treated in the burn intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly lower (7.17 years) than Turkish patients (10.43 years). When mortality rates in burn ICU were evaluated, no mortality cases were recorded in Turkish patients compared to 17.4% mortality rate in Syrian patients. This may be related to factors such as language barrier, economic status or delayed access to healthcare services.\u0026sup1;⁹\u0026prime;\u0026sup2;⁰\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the length of hospitalisation was analysed, the mean length of hospitalisation of Syrian patients (7.35 days) was significantly longer than that of Turkish patients (4.36 days). Minor burns involving less than 10% of the body surface were more common in Turkish patients (11.1%), while burns of the wrist and hand were more common in Syrian patients (10.0% vs 3.7%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, Turkish patients constituted 60.6% and Syrian patients constituted 39.4% of paediatric surgery consultations. In the distribution of post-consultation diagnoses, inguinal hernia (9.3%), second-degree burns of the trunk (8.2%) and undescended testis (5.4%) were the most common diagnoses in Syrian patients, while second-degree burns of the trunk (9.5%), inguinal hernia (5.7%) and undescended testis (4.6%) were the most common diagnoses in Turkish patients. This suggests that Syrian children present to health services with more advanced diseases requiring surgery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have shown that surgical pathologies such as inguinal hernia may be more common in migrant children, and this may be related to nutritional deficiencies, low birth weight or genetic factors.\u0026sup1;⁷\u0026prime;\u0026sup2;\u0026sup1; The high rates of burn cases are noteworthy. A study conducted in Turkey showed that Syrian refugee children had longer hospitalisation and higher mortality rates due to burns.\u0026sup2;\u0026sup1; Our findings support that burn cases may be more severe in Syrian children. This may be associated with late presentation due to language barrier, lack of familiarity with the healthcare system and social factors.\u0026sup1;⁴\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn gender distribution, the proportion of male patients is high in both groups: 57.8%/42.2% for Syrian patients and 59.7%/40.3% for Turkish patients. However, in the general patient population, these ratios are 66.0%/34.0% in Syrians and 67.9%/32.0% in Turks. Since it is known that boys are more prone to congenital surgical diseases, this finding is consistent with the literature.\u0026sup1;⁵ The fact that Syrian children present with conditions requiring emergency surgery more often indicates that access to emergency health services should be increased and early diagnosis should be encouraged. These data emphasise the need for systematic arrangements to improve refugee children's access to healthcare services.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, Turkish patients had a higher number of operations than Syrian patients (876 vs. 694). When calculated according to the number of admitted patients, Syrian patients had a higher elective surgery rate than Turkish patients (6.65% vs. 5.76%). It should be noted that these rates are not directly shown in the tables. Syrian patients may have a higher rate of diseases requiring surgery. This finding suggests that the indication for elective surgery is higher among Syrian patients. We think that Syrian patients usually present to healthcare services at advanced stages requiring surgical intervention.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurkish children present to the healthcare system at an earlier stage. Since the overall admission rate of Turkish patients is higher, conditions that do not require elective surgery may be included in the admissions. This may make the rate of Turkish children requiring surgery relatively low. The need for surgical intervention may be higher in Syrian children due to reasons such as nutrition, genetic factors, living conditions or late diagnosis. The higher rate of surgery in Syrian patients is probably related to the difference in access to healthcare services and late diagnosis of diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, the total number of appendectomies was 333, of which 212 were performed in Turkish patients and 121 in Syrian patients. The most common months for appendectomy were November 2023 and July 2024, followed by October 2023 and June 2024. The month with the least number of operations was May 2024. The mean age of Syrian children was 10.94 years (2\u0026ndash;17 years), the mean age of Turkish children was 12.34 years (1\u0026ndash;17 years), and the general mean age was 11.89 years, and the age difference was statistically significant (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). It is important to note that these appendectomy mean ages are not directly shown in the tables. Syrian children undergo appendectomy at an earlier age compared to Turkish children. This may be related to late access to healthcare services and late diagnosis. According to the results of one study, the most common month for appendicitis cases is July.\u0026sup2;\u0026sup2;\u0026sup2; Another study reported that the most common period for appendicitis cases in the summer months is associated with rainfall and sunlight hours.\u0026sup2;\u0026sup3;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 462 emergency surgical interventions were performed in our study (Turkish: 312 (67.5%), Syrian: 150 (32.5%)), the mean age of Syrian patients operated in the emergency department (9.8 years) was lower than that of Turkish patients (10.95 years). The total number of patients examined in outpatient clinics was 19,492 (Syrian: 7,465 (38.29%), Turkish: 12,027 (61.70%)) and the male/female ratio was 3.35. When the number of inpatients was analysed, a total of 2,512 patients (1,107 Syrian patients and 1,405 Turkish patients) were hospitalised, and it was observed that the rate of hospitalisation was higher for Syrian patients (10.61%) compared to Turkish patients (9.24%).\u0026sup2;⁴\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible reasons for this may include Turkish patients being more familiar with the hospital system and Syrian patients experiencing deficiencies in follow-up processes due to social, language or access problems.\u0026sup1;⁵ Higher utilisation rates for emergency departments have been shown in many refugee populations\u0026sup2;⁵ and asylum-seeking children have been reported to account for 82.2% of non-emergency conditions in emergency department visits.\u0026sup2;⁶ The rate was 25.91% (355/1370) in Turkish patients and 20.28% (84/414) in Syrian patients. This difference may be related to the high number of refugee children with acute conditions, delayed presentation, caregiver's inability to recognise serious medical conditions, language barriers or cultural predisposition towards traditional care-seeking practices.\u0026sup1;⁹\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe important limitations of this study are that it was conducted in a single centre and the generalisability of the results is limited due to its retrospective design. However, our study also has strengths. The fact that it was performed in a large centre in the border region, that it included a large patient population and that detailed clinical data were examined increases the value of our study. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first report in the literature comparing Syrian and Turkish children with a special focus on paediatric surgical diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn future studies, it is recommended that multicentre and prospective designs should be used, patient follow-up periods should be extended and quality of life assessments should be added. Also it is crucial to explore in detail the barriers to access of health services in future work and to design intervention studies to enhance the access of refugee children to health services.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough the number of refugee children presenting to emergency departments with acute conditions has decreased, they continue to present at younger ages and receive more inpatient treatment. This suggests that Syrian children are reaching health services later and presenting with more serious conditions. Studies examining admission criteria for early diagnosis and better surgical outcomes in young refugee children and developing strategies to increase access to preventive services can help us understand the reasons for this difference. This situation reflects differences in gender distribution and inequalities in access to health services. In order to reduce the length of hospital stays of Syrian children, it is necessary to increase their access to healthcare services through awareness-raising activities and to stabilise consultation rates. As burn rates are high, prevention programmes and special treatment units can be established. Special rehabilitation processes can be developed for large surface burns. Since circumcision surgery is more common in Turkish children, health policies can be organised accordingly. Since there are limited studies on this subject in the literature, this study aims to be a pioneering step in the comparison of Syrian and Turkish patients in paediatric surgery.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgment:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis study was conducted retrospectively, and therefore, informed consent from individual participants was not required. Clinical trial number: not applicable.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis study was conducted retrospectively using data obtained from hospital records.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe need for informed consent was waived by the local ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis study was approved by Gaziantep City Hospital Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee on 16/10/2024 with protocol number 2024/65.\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number: not applicable.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData used in this study can be provided on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAUTHOR INFORMATION\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNHCR. Syria refugee crisis explained. UNHCR: BM Mülteci Ajansı. March 14, 2023. Available at: https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNHCR. Situation Syria regional refugee response. Data2.unhcr.org. Available at: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria. Accessed February 19, 2022\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBirgün. Ülkesine dönen ve Türkiye'de kayıt altına alınan Suriyelilerin sayısı açıklandı. Birgun.net. August 12, 2022. Available at: https://www.birgun.net/haber/ulkesine-donen-ve-turkiye-de-kayit-altina-alinan-suriyelilerin-sayisi-aciklandi-397609 Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGöç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Geçici koruma. Goc.gov.tr. Available at: https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGöç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. İkamet izinleri. Goc.gov.tr. Available at: https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet-izinleri. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBBC Türkçe. Bakan Yerlikaya: 238 bin 55 Suriyeli vatandaşlık aldı. BBC.com. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c1e29v09d3eo. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwitter. Türkiye'de kayıtlı ve kayıtsız toplam 5.3 Milyon Suriyeli var. Türk milletine soruyorum; 5.3 Milyon Suriyeli için ne yapılmasını istiyorsunuz? August 20, 2022. Available at: https://twitter.com. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNHCR. Refugees UNHCR for. UNHCR-refugee statistics. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/. Accessed April 30, 2021\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBickler SW, Rode H. Surgical services for children in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2002;80(10):829. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567648/. Accessed November 2, 2021\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eButterworth SA, Zivkovic I, Kim S, et al. Major morbidity and mortality associated with delays to emergent surgery in children: a risk-adjusted analysis. Can J Surg 2023; 66: 123-131\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSahin A, Agar A, Hancerli CO, et al. Epidemiologic study of Syrian refugees underwent surgery due to fracture in a tertiary reference hospital in Turkey. Cureus. 2021;13(2): 13323\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNHCR. Türkiye fact sheet. February 2023. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/tr/en/factsheets-and-dashboards. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmil S, Fant C, Erik N, et al. Recent progress and current challenges in the care of the child around the world. J Pediatr Surg. 2025; 162238\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl Shamsi H, Almutairi AG, Al Mashrafi S, et al. Implications of language barriers for healthcare: a systematic review. Oman Med J. 2020; 35: 122\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaris HE, Yildiz Silahli N, Gul NA, et al. Rates of emergency room visits and hospitalizations among refugee and resident children in a tertiary hospital in Turkey. Eur J Pediatr 2022;181(8):2953-2960. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Lancet. 2015; 386(9993): 569-624\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYucel H, Akcaboy M, Oztek Celebi FZ, et al. Analysis of refugee children hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric hospital. J Immigr Minor Health 2021;23:11-18\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdemuyiwa AO, Odugbemi TO, Bode CO, et al. Prevalence of surgically correctable conditions among children in a mixed urban-rural community in Nigeria using the SOSAS survey tool: implications for paediatric surgical capacity-building. PLoS One. 2019; 14(10): 0223423\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStokes SC, Jackson JE, Beres AL. Impact of limited English proficiency on definitive care in pediatric appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2021; 267:284-292\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAfet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı, Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Götürü bedeli sağlık hizmet protokolü. Khgmbutcemuhasebedb.saglik.gov.tr. October 28, 2019. Available at: https://khgmbutcemuhasebedb.saglik.gov.tr/TR,44058/saglik-bakanligi-afad-ve-goc-idaresi-genel-mudurlugu-arasinda-goturu-bedel-saglik-hizmeti-protokolu.html. Accessed March 15, 2025\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuyukbese Sarsu S, Budeyri A. Mortality risk factors in war-related pediatric burns: a comparative study among two distinct populations. Burns. 2018; 44(5):1210-1227\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDaniel L, Negash F. Seasonal variations and the associated factors of acute appendicitis at a tertiary hospital: a case of SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. medRxiv 2024. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.06.24305309\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePande T, Mohanty Z, Nair A, et al. Seasonal variation of acute appendicitis: an armed forces experience of high altitude. Med J Armed Forces India. 2021; 77(4):479-484\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOziri A, Schnapper M, Ovadia A, et al. Higher rates of hospitalizations among pediatric refugees than local population attending the emergency department and longer in-patient stay. Isr Med Assoc. J 2023;25(5):333-338\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrandenberger J, Bozorgmehr K, Vogt F, et al. Preventable admissions and emergency-department visits in pediatric asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking patients. Int J Equity Health 2020;19:1-8\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYalaki Z, Taşar M, Saç R, et al. Evaluation of child refugees’ reasons for applying to hospital: Ankara experience. J Contemp Med. 2020 ;10(4):510-515\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"After 13 years, Syrian children, Border city, Pediatric surgery, Comparative Study, Turkey","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe conducted this research to examine differences between Syrian refugee and Turkish pediatric surgery patients at a border hospital 13 years after Syria's civil war began. With almost no existing studies addressing this specific comparison, our work breaks new ground in understanding surgical needs across these pediatric populations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe retrospectively compared demographic characteristics, diagnoses, surgical indications, hospital stays, and outcomes of Syrian and Turkish pediatric surgery patients (under 18 years) treated at Gaziantep City Hospital between October 5, 2023, and September 1, 2024. Diagnoses were grouped according to International Classification of Diseases. Chi-square or Fisher's tests were used for categorical variables, Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, and Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed variables. Statistical significance was accepted as p \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf 25,630 patients, 59.3% were Turkish and 40.7% Syrian. Syrian patients were younger (mean age 4.87 vs 5.61 years) and hospitalized longer (6.72 vs 5.23 days). Syrian patients had higher elective surgery rates (6.65% vs 5.76%) and hospitalization rates (10.61% vs 9.24%). Inguinal hernia repair was the most common diagnosis (59.17%), while appendectomy was the most frequent emergency surgery (16.38%). In the burn intensive care unit, Syrian patients had longer stays (7.35 vs 4.36 days) and higher mortality rates (17.4% vs 0%), suggesting more severe presentations or delayed treatment access.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur findings reveal significant hurdles in managing pediatric surgical cases, with growing caseloads, varied diagnostic patterns, and language obstacles creating daily difficulties. For refugee children specifically, we found their treatment outcomes improve when we use tailored risk assessment methods and work actively to bridge communication gaps.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Comparative Study of Syrian and Turkish Pediatric Surgery Patients Admitted to Gaziantep City Hospital Near the Syrian Border","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-16 05:35:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813106/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"62ea14b8-79d4-46d3-a79e-631b0a187661","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-16T10:38:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-16 05:35:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6813106","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6813106","identity":"rs-6813106","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}