The incidence, cause and risk factor of unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery within 30 days: a multi-center retrospective study

The incidence, cause and risk factor of unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery within 30 days: a multi-center retrospective study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The incidence, cause and risk factor of unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery within 30 days: a multi-center retrospective study Jiao jiao Dai, Wei chen Dong, Shuo Wang, Yu xin Tian, Da ming Liu, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : This study aims to elucidate the demographic characteristics, incidence, causes, and risk factors of unplanned reoperations post-spinal surgery (URPS) within 30 days. Methods : Our retrospective analysis included patients who underwent spinal surgery at three tertiary hospitals between January 2013 and January 2023, with a specific focus on those experiencing unplanned reoperations within 30 days postoperatively. We evaluated demographic characteristics, incidence rates, and patterns of unplanned reoperations. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the causes and symptoms across various postoperative period was conducted. Furthermore, we also investigated the risk factors of URPS. Results : Our study, which encompassed 77,026 individuals, identified 476 cases of URPS within 30 days, including 258 males (54.2%) and 218 females (45.8%). The age ranges from 4 to 84 years, with a mean age of 48.98 ± 14.75 years. The overall incidence of URPS was 0.62%, demonstrating a gradual annual increase. Surgical site infection (SSI) and symptomatic epidural hematoma (SEH) were the leading causes of URPS, manifesting primarily as signs of surgical infection, radicular pain, and motor paralysis. The postoperative interval of 2–10 days (acute phase) was the most critical period for symptom manifestation, while SEH predominantly occurred in the hyper-acute phase (0–1 day). The identified risk factors for URPS included Smoking (p = 0.022, OR:1.371, 95%CI [1.047, 1.796]), Diabetes mellitus (DM) (p<0.001, OR:1.824, 95%CI [1.406, 2.366]), Length of stay (LOS) (≥ 7 days) (p<0.001, OR:2.487, 95%CI [1.713, 3.611]), First operation time (FOT) (≥ 3 hours) (p = 0.014, OR:1.349, 95%CI [1.061, 1.716]), Drainage volume (DV) (≥ 300ml) (p<0.001, OR:5.055, 95%CI [3.793, 6.737]), and abnormal Thrombin time (TT) (p = 0.048, OR:1.313, 95%CI [1.002, 1.72]). Conclusions : This retrospective multicenter study systematically explored the incidence, causes, and risk factors of URPS. The findings presented herein have the potential to significantly influence preoperative counseling, refine the formulation of surgical protocols, and foster the advancement of postoperative health management strategies. Spinal surgery Unplanned reoperation Multicenter Incidence Causes 30 days Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction The rising incidence of spinal disorders, such as cervical spondylosis and lumbar disc herniation, is linked to the increased workloads and prolonged periods of sedentary behavior 1 . The complexity of spinal pathologies, coupled with the advanced intricacy of surgical interventions, can lead to diverse complications, including surgical site infection (SSI), symptomatic epidural hematoma (SEH), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSFL), potentially requiring additional unplanned surgical procedures in severe cases 2 , 3 . Complications stem from the initial surgical procedure, accounting for approximately 25% of medical disputes, frequently culminating in unplanned reoperations 4 – 6 . These reoperations carry a mortality rate of 10.3%, which is three times higher than the rate observed in patients undergoing elective surgeries 4 , 5 , 7 . Studies indicate that the incidence of unplanned reoperations in orthopedic surgery is 2.2%, exceeding the rate of planned revisions at 1.7% 8 . Notably, the incidence of URPS has risen to 7.9%, significantly higher than that observed in other orthopedic subspecialties 9 . The predominant causes for unplanned reoperations include bleeding (15%-41%), infection (8.3%-11%), wound dehiscence (4.6%-7.5%), and implant displacement (5.1%-10.1%) 10–12 . Furthermore, complications occurring in the immediate postoperative period have a significantly detrimental effect on patient outcomes compared to those that emerge at later stages of recovery 13 . While some studies define the early postoperative period as the initial seven days, the length of hospital stay after spinal surgery can extend to 23 days. This variation is influenced by the nature of the surgical procedure and insurance policies, which may result in reoperations occurring during the same hospitalization period 14 – 16 . Therefore, this study specifically examines the 30-day postoperative period, suggesting that this pivotal phase is crucial for the prevention and improvement of patient conditions throughout the perioperative period. Besides, postoperative mortality rate has always been the metric for evaluating medical quality. Regarding of this, this study aims to mitigate the occurrence of surgical complications and decrease postoperative mortality rates 17 . However, there is a dearth of literature addressing the causes and risk factors associated with early reoperations. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to elucidate the demographic characteristics, incidence, and epidemiological trends of URPS; (2) to assess the chronological distribution of causes and symptoms across specified postoperative period; (3) to identify the risk factors associated with URPS. Materials and methods Study Design and Patients This multicenter, retrospective case-control study was conducted across three premier medical centers renowned for their state-of-the-art orthopedic departments, ensuring sophisticated surgical methodologies and a consistent annual surgical caseload. Data collection was meticulously performed within the spinal surgery or specialized spinal units of the orthopedics departments at the hospitals. Utilizing the Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS) on integrated medical terminals at the three institutions, the study retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to the spinal surgery units from 2013 to 2023. The study cohort exclusively included individuals who underwent spinal surgery. Those who received non-surgical spinal interventions such as bedside debridement and drainage, traction, biopsies, rehabilitation, those with an indeterminate etiology not undergoing surgery, and those who underwent non-spinal surgical procedures were excluded. The study cohort included all age groups, encompassing data on both primary and revision surgeries, as well as a range of comorbidities. Additionally, patients who underwent URPS within 30 days were identified based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic information, perioperative indicators, and laboratory parameters for each patient were systematically compiled to identify the risk factors associated with URPS. Inclusion criteria included: Patients who underwent spine-related surgery and completed the entire surgical process; Patients with complete medical records; Patients who underwent two or more unplanned surgeries within 30 days of the initial surgery; Patients whose reasons for reoperation were related to the initial surgery; Patients with informed consent. Exclusion criteria encompassed: Patients whose reasons for reoperation were unrelated to the initial surgery (e.g., pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, intestinal obstruction); Patients whose reoperation was planned (e.g., tuberculosis of the spine, suppurative spondylitis and brucellosis spondylitis); Patients with reoperation 30 days later after initial surgery; Patients with other serious disease; Patients with data missing. Ethical Approval The study protocol adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of AFMU (approval NO. KY20232136-C-1). Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the ethical review committees of the three medical institutions confirmed that prior informed consent was not required. The flow chart of this study is shown in Figure 1. Postoperative period In alignment with contemporary medical literature, this study categorizes the 30-day postoperative period into discrete intervals: the hyper-acute phase (0-1 day), the acute phase (2-10 days), and the sub-acute phase (11-30 days). This stratification allows for a detailed examination of the causes and the spectrum of symptomatology within these defined temporal contexts post-surgery. Study Variables The principal outcome measure of this study is defined as URPS. Inspiring from previous research, this study incorporates a comprehensive array of variables, including demographic information - such as gender, age, smoking and drinking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM); Perioperative indicators - length of stay (LOS), first operation time (FOT), blood loss (FB), implant utilization, postoperative anticoagulation (PTAG), preoperative antibiotic (PTAB), blood transfusions (BT), application of gelatin sponge (GS), and drainage volume (DV). In addition, the study assesses a panel of laboratory indexes, which consist of thrombin time (TT), hemoglobin levels (HGB), albumin levels (ALB), calcium levels (Ca+), coagulation function (CF), liver and kidney function (LKF), and potassium levels (K+). Statistical analysis All potential risk factors examined in this study are stratified into categorical variables. Chi-square tests were employed to discern the differences among these variables. Variables with a p-value less than 0.1, as identified in the chi-square analysis, were subsequently included in a multivariable logistic regression model to pinpoint risk factors correlated with URPS. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was leveraged to detect multicollinearity; only those variables with a VIF value below 10 were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The outcomes of the regression model are presented as odds ratios (OR) alongside their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. The analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and GraphPad Prism version 9.0. Results Incidence and demographic characteristics of URPS A cohort of 77,026 individuals was recruited for this study, encompassing 476 cases who underwent URPS within 30 days. Within this group, 258 were males (54.2%) and 218 were females (45.8%). The ages of these individuals ranged from 4 to 84 years, with an average age of 48.98±14.75 years. In contrast, the subset of 76,550 individuals who did not experience URPS comprised 41,339 males (54.0%) and 35,211 females (46.0%), with an average age of 40.36±14.08 years. The overall incidence of URPS across the participating hospitals was 0.62%. The hospital-specific incidences were as follows: Hospital 1 (HN 1) reported 241 cases with an incidence of 0.46%; Hospital 2 (HN 2) reported 122 cases with an incidence of 0.92%; and Hospital 3 (HN 3) reported 113 cases with an incidence of 0.97%. Trend analysis revealed a consistent annual increase in the incidence rates across the three hospitals, rising from 0.23% to 1.88% over the observation period (Fig. 2). The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort are detailed in Table 1. Table 1. Demographic information, incidence and the top three leading causes Indicators URPS N (% total) Total Causes of URPS（N,%） 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Gender 男 258(0.62) 41597 SSI (120,46.50) SEH (43,16.70) PSP (29,11.20) 女 218(0.62) 35429 SSI (91,41.70) SEH (52,23.90) PSP (18,8.30) Age ≥60岁 174(0.89) 19502 SSI (82,47.1) SEH (34,19.5) ID (15,8.6) ＜60岁 302(0.52) 57524 SSI (129,42.7) SEH (61,20.2) PSP (33,10.9) HN HN 1 241(0.46) 52079 SSI (87,36.1) SEH (62,25.7) PSP (24,10.0) HN 2 122(0.92) 13304 SSI (66,54.1) SEH (15,12.3) PSP (13,10.7) HN 3 113(0.97) 11643 SSI (58,51.3) SEH (18,15.9) PSP (10,8.8) LOS ≥7d 429(0.68) 63200 SSI (205,47.8) SEH (70,16.3) PSP (46,10.7) ＜7d 47(0.34) 13826 SEH (25,53.2) SSI (6,12.8) ID (6,12.8) Drinking Yes 168(0.63) 26650 SSI (81,48.2) SEH (22,13.1) PSP (22,13.1) No 308(0.61) 50376 SSI (130,42.2) SEH (73,23.7) PSP (25,8.1) Smoking Yes 139(0.70) 19725 SEH (65,46.8) SSI (21,15.1) PSP (19,13.7) No 337(0.59) 57301 SSI (146,43.3) SEH (74,22.0) PSP (28,8.3) Hypertension Yes 157(0.55) 28602 SSI (71,45.20) SEH (29, 18.50) PSP (12, 7.60) No 319(0.66) 48424 SSI (140,43.90) SEH (66, 20.70) PSP (35, 11.00) DM Yes 180(0.91) 19812 SSI (53,29.40) SEH (77, 42.80) PSP (15, 8.30) No 296(0.52) 57214 SSI (158,53.40) SEH (18, 6.10) PSP (32, 10.80) DT Degenerative disease 320(0.49) 64832 SSI (137,42.8) SEH (87,27.2) ID (26,8.1) Tumour 59(1.33) 5197 SSI (30,50.8) PSP (10,16.9) SEH (4,6.8) Trauma 42(1.18) 3564 SSI (19,45.2) PSP (10,23.8) DTF (6,14.3) Infectious diseases 43(1.80) 2385 SSI (19,44.2) IFL (6,14.0) PSP (4,9.3) Others 12(1.15) 1048 SSI (6,50) PSP (3,25.0) ID (1,8.3) SS Cervical vertebra 109(0.71) 15395 SSI (48,44.00) SEH (25,22.90) PSP (10,9.20) Lumbar vertebra 24(1.71) 1403 SSI (8,33.30) SEH (6,25.00) PSP (2,8.30) Lumbar (sacral) vertebrae 330(0.56) 59449 SSI (150,45.50) SEH (63,19.10) PSP (32,9.70) Cervicothoracic vertebrae 3(1.24) 242 SSI (1,33.30) PSP (1,33.30) CSFL (1,33.30) Thoracolumbar (sacral) vertebrae 7(1.38) 507 SSI (1,14.30) SEH (1,14.30) PSP (2,28.60) The whole spine 3(10.0) 30 SSI (3,100.00) —— —— SP Anterior 75(0.65) 11592 SSI (32,42.7) SEH (16,21.3) PSP (7,9.3) Posterior 373(0.57) 65064 SSI (167,44.8) SEH (74,19.8) PSP (37,9.9) Combined anterior-posterior 28(7.57) 370 SSI (12,42.9) SEH (5,17.9) PSP (3,10.7) Implant Yes 433(0.70) 61762 SSI (193,44.6) SEH (89,20.6) PSP (41,9.5) No 43(0.28) 15264 SSI (18,41.9) ID (8,18.6) SEH (6,14.0) Total 476(0.62) 77026 SSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; HN, Hospital number; PSP, Poor screw position; LOS, Length of stay; ID, Inadequate decompression; DM, Diabetes mellitus; DT, Disease type; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; SS, Surgical site; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; SP, Surgical path. Cause and symptom Based on medical records and clinical assessments by attending physicians, the 476 cases of URPS were attributed to the following causes: Neurological Deficits (ND), Surgical Site Infection (SSI), Symptomatic Epidural Hematoma (SEH), Poor Screw Position (PSP), Inadequate Decompression (ID), Drainage Tube Fracture (DTF), Incision Fat Liquefaction (IFL), Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage (CSFL), Nerve Root Entrapment (NRE), Sacral Cyst (SC), Wound Dehiscence (WD), Titanium Mesh Dislocation (TMD), and Fusion Cage Dislodgement (FCD). SSI and SEH were identified as the predominant causes. The symptom encompassed motor paralysis, radicular pain, signs of surgical site infection, combined motor paralysis and radicular pain, and asymptomatic patients. Table 2 delineates the causes of URPS and their corresponding symptoms. The findings reveal that SSI symptoms predominantly presented as infectious signs, while SEH predominantly caused neurological compression due to hematoma. Over half of the cases with PSP exhibited radicular pain. CSFL and IFL primarily manifested symptoms consistent with SSI. Notably, the majority of patients with NRE presented motor paralysis, with only a minority experiencing radicular pain. Table 2. Causes and Major symptom Presentations of URPS Causes N(%) Preoperative symptoms of reoperation, N (%) Motor paralysis Radicular pain Symptoms of SSI Combined motor paralysis and radicular pain No symptom SSI 211(44.33) 1(0.5) _ 210(99.5) _ _ SEH 95(19.97) 31(32.6) 38(40.0) 2(2.1) 23(24.2) 1(1.1) PSP 47(9.87) 7(14.9) 24(51.1) _ 2(4.3) 14(29.8) ID 32(6.72) 6(18.8) 18(56.3) _ 8(25.0) _ DTF 17(3.57) _ 1(5.9) _ _ 16(94.1) IFL 16(3.36) 1(6.3) _ 6(37.5) _ 9(56.3) CSFL 12(2.52) 1(8.3) 1(8.3) 8(66.7) 2(16.7) _ NRE 11(2.31) 7(63.6) 1(9.1) 1(9.1) 1(9.1) 1(9.1) SC 10(2.10) _ _ _ _ 10(100) WD 8(1.68) _ _ 2（25.0） _ 6(75.0) ND 7(1.47) 4(57.1) 1(14.3) _ 2(28.6) _ TMD 6(1.26) 5(83.30) _ _ 1(16.7) _ FCD 4(0.84) 3(75.0) _ 1(25.0) _ _ Total 476(100) 66(13.87) 84(17.65) 230(48.32) 39(8.19) 57(11.97) ND, Neurological deficits; SSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; PSP, Poor screw position; ID, Inadequate decompression; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; NRE, Nerve root entrapment; SC, Sacral cyst; WD, Wound dehiscence; TMD, Titanium mesh dislocation; FCD, Fusion cage dislodgement. Distribution of causes and symptoms at different periods post-surgery SSI predominantly occurs in the acute phase, with few cases in the hyper-acute phase. In contrast, SEH mainly occurs in both the hyper-acute and acute phases. The causes that primarily occur in the acute phase include PSP, IFL, CSFL, DTF, WD, NRE, and ND. Only SC predominantly occurs in the sub-acute phase (Table 3). Within the 30-day postoperative period for patients with URPS, the predominant symptom in the hyper-acute phase is radicular pain. In the acute phase, the main manifestations are signs of surgical site infection, followed by radicular pain and motor paralysis, with some patients presenting as asymptomatic (Figure 3). Table 3. Distribution of causes of URPS in each postoperative period Causes Occurrence time (d) Period post-surgery [N(%)] Total (%) Hyper-acute phase (0-1d) Acute phase (2-10d) Sub-acute phase (11-30d) SSI 5.97±3.26 3(6.4) 195(51.5) 13(26.0) 211(44.3) SEH 5.80±3.85 40(85.1) 53(14.0) 2(4.0) 95(20.0) PSP 6.66±3.49 0 36(9.5) 11(22.0) 47(9.9) ID 5.25±3.91 1(2.1) 25(6.6) 6(12.0) 32(6.7) IFL 4.75±3.97 1(2.1) 13(3.4) 2(4.0) 16(3.4) CSFL 7.00±4.09 1(2.1) 9(2.4) 2(4.0) 12(2.5) DTF 6.68±2.40 0 17(4.5) 0 17(3.6) SC 7.30±4.19 0 2(0.5) 8(16.0) 10(2.1) WD 4.25±2.43 1(2.1) 7(1.8) 0 8(1.7) FCD 5.50±2.89 0 2(0.5) 2(4.0) 4(0.8) TMD 7.83±7.68 0 3(0.8) 3(6.0) 6(1.3) NRE 5.40±3.41 0 11(2.9) 0 11(2.3) ND 8.71±4.54 0 6(1.6) 1(2.0) 7(1.5) Total 6.01±3.59 47(100) 379(100) 50(100) 476(100) ND, Neurological deficits; SSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; PSP, Poor screw position; ID, Inadequate decompression; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; NRE, Nerve root entrapment; SC, Sacral cyst; WD, Wound dehiscence; TMD, Titanium mesh dislocation; FCD, Fusion cage dislodgement. Risk factors for URPS The eleven variables identified by univariate analysis that were statistically significant in the normal and the URPS groups were: Smoking, Hypertension, DM，Implant，FOT，FB，DV，PTAB，Ca+，LOS and TT (Table 4) . Subsequent multivariate analysis, incorporating these significant indicators, confirmed that Smoking, DM, LOS ≥7d，FOT ≥3h，DV ≥300ml, and Abnormal TT are independent risk factors for URPS (Table 5). Table 4. Univariate Analysis of Risk factors for URPS Variables URPS χ 2 P Yes N (%) NO N (%) Gender male 258(54.2%) 526(55.3%) 0.141 0.707 female 218(45.8%) 426(44.7%) Age (year) ≥60 174(36.6%) 323(33.9%) 0.964 0.326 ＜60 302(63.4%) 629(66.1%) Drinking Yes 168（35.3%） 330（34.7%） 0.055 0.814 No 308（64.7%） 622（65.3%） Smoking Yes 139（29.2%） 232（24.4%） 3.853 0.05* No 337（70.8%） 720（75.6%） Hypertension Yes 157（33%） 272（28.6%） 2.939 0.086* No 319（67%） 680（71.4%） DM Yes 180（37.8%） 235（24.7%） 26.538 ＜0.01* No 296（62.2%） 717（75.3%） MBP（mmHg） ≥140 55（11.6%） 89（9.3%） 1.703 0.192 ＜140 421（88.4%） 863（90.7%） Implant Yes 433（91%） 835（87.7%） 3.382 0.066* No 43（9%） 117（12.3%） FOT (h) ≥3 229（48.1%） 396（41.6%） 5.469 0.019* ＜3 247（51.9%） 556（58.4%） FB (ml) ≥600 57（12%） 85（8.9%） 3.288 0.07* ＜600 419（88%） 867（91.1%） BT Yes 347（72.9%） 683（71.7%） 0.211 0.646 No 129（27.1%） 269（28.3%） DV (ml) ≥300 404（84.9%） 496（52.1%） 146.262 ＜0.01* ＜300 72（15.1%） 456（47.9%） GS Yes 437（91.8%） 850（89.3%） 2.266 0.132 No 39（8.2%） 102（10.7%） PTAG Yes 378（79.4%） 729（76.6%） 1.465 0.226 No 98（20.6%） 223（23.4%） PTAB Yes 362（76.1%） 774（81.3%） 5.381 ＜0.02* No 114（23.9%） 178（18.7%） HGB Normal 204（42.9%） 421（44.2%） 0.240 0.624 lower 272（57.1%） 531（55.8%） ALB Normal 249（52.3%） 528（55.5%） 1.270 0.260 lower 227（47.7%） 424（44.5%） LKF Normal 187 (39.3%) 403 (42.3%) 1.215 0.270 Abnormal 289 (60.7%） 549 (57.7%) K+ Normal 165 (34.7%) 348 (36.6%) 0.493 0.483 Abnormal 311 (65.3%) 604 (63.4%) CF Normal 252 (52.9%) 518 (54.4%) 0.276 0.599 Abnormal 224 (47.1%) 434 (45.6%) Ca+ Normal 167 (35.1%) 383 (40.2%) 3.550 0.06* Abnormal 309 (64.9%) 569 (59.8%) DD Normal 182 (38.2%) 393 (41.3%) 1.224 0.269 Abnormal 294 (61.8%) 559 (58.7%) LOS ≥7天 429 (90.1%) 781 (82%) 16.049 ＜0.01* ＜7天 47 (9.9%) 171 (18%) TT Normal 330 (69.3%) 703 (73.8%) 3.235 0.072* Abnormal 146 (30.7%) 249 (26.2%) DM, diabetes mellitus; MBP, maximal blood pressure; FOT, first operation time; FB, first bleeding; BT, blood transfusion; DV, drainage volume; GS, gelatin sponge; PATG, postoperative anticoagulants; PTAB, preoperative antibiotic; HGB, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; LKF, liver and kidney function; CF, coagulation function; DD, D-dimer; LOS, length of stay; TT, thrombin time. Table 5. Multivariate Analysis of Risk factors for URPS Category Variable P OR 95% CI low high General Information Smoking 0.022* 1.371 1.047 1.796 Hypertension 0.436 1.108 0.855 1.436 DM 0** 1.824 1.406 2.366 LOS ≥7d 0** 2.487 1.713 3.611 Perioperative indicators Implant 0.307 1.232 0.826 1.837 FOT ≥3h 0.014* 1.349 1.061 1.716 FB ≥600ml 0.323 1.216 0.825 1.792 DV ≥300ml 0** 5.055 3.793 6.737 Non-PTAB 0.201 1.209 0.904 1.619 lab indexes Ca+ (Abnormal) 0.215 1.17 0.913 1.5 TT (Abnormal) 0.048* 1.313 1.002 1.72 *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 DM, Diabetes mellitus; LOS, Length of stay; FOT, First operation time; FB, First bleeding; DV, Drainage volume; PATB, Preoperative antibiotic; TT, Thrombin time; CI, Confidence interval; OR, Odds ratio. Discussion We performed an analysis focusing on patients with URPS. The notable disparities in global healthcare policies contribute to a markedly shorter average hospital stay in the United States, which is approximately 3.2 days, highlighting the importance of postoperative readmission studies 9 . This brevity underscores the crucial need for research into postoperative readmissions. In contrast, Japan’s comprehensive welfare benefits and healthcare coverage tend to encourage physicians to postpone patient discharge until complete recovery is ascertained, resulting in the average hospital stay being to around one month 14 . Previous studies have indicated a 1.6% reoperation rate following spinal surgery, which is higher than the rate observed in our study. However, prior studies did not differentiate between scheduled and unplanned reoperations; our research specifically focuses on the latter. We contend that the study of unplanned reoperations holds significant clinical implications, facilitating a more detailed informed consent process, the development of more comprehensive surgical protocols, and the implementation of targeted postoperative health management strategies. Demographic characteristics of URPS Our study revealed a progressive annual increase in the incidence of URPS, potentially associated with the escalating utilization of internal implants. Within this study, the reoperation rate was significantly higher among patients with internal implants (0.78% vs. 0.20%). Furthermore, these interventions were also associated with higher volumes of blood loss. Among those with smoking, SEH was identified as the leading cause of URPS, constituting 53.2% of the cases. The scientific literature affirms that tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 distinct chemicals, which are capable of inducing vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid metabolism disruptions, making it a substantial risk factor for peripheral vascular disease 18 . As a result, smoking is correlated with heightened vascular stiffness and impeded wound healing, adversely affecting the postoperative recuperation of the microvasculature. In this study, smoking was identified as an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.371. Therefore, the enforcement of smoking cessation initiatives during the perioperative period of spinal surgery is crucial for promoting rapid recovery. Cause and symptom distribution of URPS SSI and SEH were the leading causes of URPS, accounting for more than half of the cases (63.3%). Since symptoms related to SSI are primarily infection-related, it is hypothesized that they may be associated with hypoalbuminemia, with 32.7% of these patients showing albumin levels below the normative range. Previous studies have demonstrated a robust correlation between hypoalbuminemia and complications following hospital discharge 19 . Albumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, can regulate inflammatory responses and promote wound healing 20, 21 . However, hypoalbuminemia did not manifest as a risk factor for URPS in this study, possibly owing to the size of the control cohort. Additionally, drainage tube fractures (DTF) and sacral cysts (SC) are often asymptomatic. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) was frequently associated with a high infection rate (66.7%). When examining the temporal distribution of URPS, the majority of occurrences were within the first two weeks, peaking around 7 days postoperatively, underscoring the critical need for close surveillance of symptoms and signs in patients during this interval and the urgency for preemptive interventions. Within a specific postoperative period, 79.6% (379/476) of URPS cases were confined to the acute phase (2-10 days), with infection being the predominant presentation. In the hyperacute phase, SEH-related URPS were observed in 85.1% of patients, which is consistent with symptoms of motor paralysis or radicular pain. The acute phase marked the peak of symptom manifestation. Therefore, in clinical practice, the acute and hyperacute phases post surgery require intensified vigilance, especially regarding symptoms of motor paralysis and radicular pain. These symptoms are crucial for spinal surgeons to gauge patient status and recovery, thus guiding the formulation of targeted clinical prevention and treatment strategies. Risk factors of URPS In this study, the risk factors for URPS included smoking, DM, LOS≥7days, FOT≥3 hours, DV≥300 ml, and abnormal TT. The existing literature demonstrates that tobacco use has detrimental effects on the vasculature through various pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis, significantly contributing to postoperative complications like infectious morbidity and impaired wound healing 22-25 . Abstinence from smoking during the perioperative period is correlated with improved surgical outcomes and patient health 26 . This study identified smoking as a substantial risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.371. Accordingly, the literature suggests that smoking cessation for 90 days postoperatively may reduce overall healthcare costs and prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications 27 . Among diabetic individuals, a global increase in the incidence of delayed healing is attributed to the lack of effective preventive and control measures. Studies show that insufficient chemokine secretion in diabetic patients leads to impaired muscle fiber healing, thereby affecting postoperative wound healing 28 . In this study, DM emerged as a risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.824. For instance, the postoperative application of glucose oxidase (GOx) can expedite wound healing. This enzyme not only regulates the hyperglycemic microenvironment but also has antibacterial and oxygen-providing properties 29 . Additionally, the use of growth factors can hasten the healing rate of diabetic wounds, positively influencing the wound healing process in diabetic patients 30 . As of 2021, the Chinese clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) highlight the significance of minimizing hospital stays and reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications. Empirical evidence indicates that a shortened hospital stay can negatively impact the postoperative rehabilitation of critically ill patients, mainly due to inadequate access to postoperative rehabilitative care. The findings of this study revealed that an extended hospitalization duration was an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 2.487. This correlation may arise from the increased probability of wound infection associated with prolonged hospital stays. Emerging evidence suggests a robust correlation between prolonged operative times and an array of complications, including SSI, venous thromboembolism (VTE), hemorrhage, hematoma formation, and necrosis 31, 32 . FOT emerges as an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of these complications 32, 33 . In this analysis, FOT was established at three hours, informed by the spinal surgery specialists. The findings revealed that an FOT exceeding 3 hours was an independent risk factor for URPS, consistent with previous studies. Prolonged FOT are associated with increased blood loss, and extended wound exposure contributes to increased exudate production, complicating the wound healing process and augmenting the risk of subsequent surgical interventions. The complexity inherent in spinal anatomy frequently mandates the implementation of drainage following spinal surgery. Studies have indicated that transient exposure to the external environment during the exchange of drainage bags can heighten the risk of retrograde bacterial infection, potentially discouraging the use of drains 2 . Nonetheless, research by Owoicho Adogwa et al. has shown that the application of negative pressure drainage in extensive thoracolumbar fusion and corrective surgeries significantly reduces wound dehiscence by 50% and substantially lowers the occurrence of postoperative SSI 34 . Moreover, evidence suggests that drain lavage and high negative pressure drainage are more effective than simple closed drainage in addressing URPS 35, 36 . However, these studies have not evaluated the impact of DV on postoperative recovery. In our research, 94% (447 out of 476) of patients who experienced URPS had drains in place. Therefore, examining the influence of postoperative DV on URPS, rather than the use of negative pressure drainage alone, could provide more profound clinical insights. Our study’s findings reveal that DV≥300ml is an independent and significant risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 5.055. Increased drainage volumes suggest heightened wound exudate or minor vascular bleeding. Consequently, vigilant monitoring of drainage volume in the immediate postoperative period and the timely removal of drains may be crucial in the prevention of postoperative URPS. TT is recognized as a biomarker reflecting an individual's coagulation status, mirroring disruptions in hemostasis. An extended TT is indicative of coagulopathy, thereby increasing the likelihood of intraoperative hemorrhage in patients. Our study identifies prolonged TT as an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.313, aligning with previous research. Thus, in the practice of spinal surgery, meticulous preoperative surveillance of coagulation profiles, along with the correction of any abnormalities, is vital to mitigate the risks of postoperative bleeding or hematoma, potentially reducing the incidence of URPS. Limitations This study has several limitations. Firstly, while the inclusion of three centers provides a substantial dataset, the generalization of our findings requires validation through subsequent studies encompassing a broader and more diverse cohort. Secondly, due to the constraint design of our study, our analysis failed to select all variables from patient demographics, perioperative indicators, and laboratory indexes, omitting variables not correlated with reoperation rates in prior studies. Hence, future research should endeavor to incorporate an expanded set of predictive factors. Lastly, the determination of reoperation causes relied on the subjective assessments of surgical staff, which may introduce variability in the criteria and decision-making processes for reoperations, potentially impacting the study outcomes. Despite these limitations, the findings of this study hold significant value for the preoperative stratification of risks, patient counseling, and the attenuation of perioperative risks and complications. Conclusion Perioperative management is pivotal in facilitating postoperative rehabilitation and preventing reoperation. Thus, it is essential to investigate the causes and risk factors for URPS within 30 days following surgery. In the present study, we analyzed the incidence and trend of URPS, the distribution of causes and symptoms during postoperative periods, and the risk factors contributing to URPS. Our results provide pivotal insights for spinal surgeons to disclose preoperative risks to patients. By rigorously managing these risk factors in the perioperative period, a reduction in the incidence of URPS is anticipated, enhanced the quality of care, and improved postoperative outcomes. Abbreviations ALB: albumin; BT: blood transfusion; CF: coagulation function; CSFL: cerebrospinal fluid leakage; CI: confidence intervals; DD: D-dimer; DTF: drainage Tube Fracture; DT: disease type; DM: diabetes mellitus; DV: drainage volume; DTF: drainage tube fracture; EMRS: electronic medical record systems; FB: first bleeding; FCD: fusion cage dislodgement; FOT: first operation time; GS: gelatin sponge; HGB: hemoglobin; HN: hospital number ID: inadequate decompression; IFL: incision fat liquefaction; ID: inadequate decompression; LOS: length of stay; LKF: liver and kidney function; ND: neurological deficits; NRE: nerve root entrapment; OR: odds ratios; PTAG: postoperative anticoagulation; PTAB: preoperative antibiotic; PSP: poor screw position; SSI: surgical site infection ; SS: surgical site; SEH: symptomatic epidural hematoma; SC: sacral cyst; SP: surgical path; TMD: titanium mesh dislocation; TT: thrombin time; URPS: unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery; VIF: variance inflation factor; WD: wound dehiscence; Ca+: calcium; K+: potassium Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate This study is a retrospective study and the research data were all extracted from the electronic medical record system, the ethical review committees of the three medical institutions confirmed that prior informed consent was not required. Our research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (No. KY20232582-F-1) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number Not applicable Consent for Publication Not Applicable Availability of Data and Materials The data in this manuscript was provided by three medical centers. Data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author with permission of the third party listed. Competing Interests The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest. Funding We have no funding to disclose Author Contribution Conceptualization: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu, Yang Zhang, Wei Lei; Methodology: Hai-yang Qiu, Yang Zhang, Da-ming Liu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang, Pan Li, Zi-xiang Wu, Wei Lei; Formal analysis: Yang Zhang, Da-ming Liu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang, Zi-xiang Wu, Wei Lei; Investigation: Jiao-jiao Dai; Writing - original draft: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu; Writing - review & editing: Yang Zhang, Jiao-jiao Dai, Pan Li, Zi-xiang Wu; Data curation: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang; Supervision: Yang Zhang, Hai-yang Qiu. Acknowledgments Not Applicable. Disclosure Not Applicable. References Parenteau CS, Lau EC, Campbell IC, Courtney A. Prevalence of spine degeneration diagnosis by type, age, gender, and obesity using Medicare data. Sci Rep. 2021;11:5389. 10.1038/s41598-021-84724-6 . Fang XT, Wood KB. Management of postoperative instrumented spinal wound infection. Chin Med J. 2013;126:3817–21. Maslow J, Hutzler L, Slover J, Bosco J 3. rd (2015) Etiology of Readmissions Following Orthopaedic Procedures and Medical Admissions. A Comparative Analysis. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) 73:269–275. Birkmeyer JD, Hamby LS, Birkmeyer CM, Decker MV, Karon NM, Dow RW. (2001) Is unplanned return to the operating room a useful quality indicator in general surgery? Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 136:405–411. 10.1001/archsurg.136.4.405 Kroon HM, Breslau PJ, Lardenoye JW. Can the incidence of unplanned reoperations be used as an indicator of quality of care in surgery? Am J Med quality: official J Am Coll Med Qual. 2007;22:198–202. 10.1177/1062860607300652 . Ouyang H, Hu Y, Hu W, Zhang H, Sun Z, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Dong S, Li W, Tian Y. Incidences, causes and risk factors of unplanned reoperations within 30 days of spine surgery: a single-center study based on 35,246 patients. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2022;22:1811–9. 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.07.098 . Fröschl U, Sengstbratl M, Huber J, Függer R. Unplanned reoperations for infection complications: a survey for quality control. Surg Infect. 2006;7:263–8. 10.1089/sur.2006.7.263 . Pujol N, Merrer J, Lemaire B, Boisrenoult P, Desmoineaux P, Oger P, Lebas C, Beaufils P. Unplanned return to theater: A quality of care and risk management index? Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research. OTSR. 2015;101:399–403. 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.03.013 . Wang MC, Shivakoti M, Sparapani RA, Guo C, Laud PW, Nattinger AB. Thirty-day readmissions after elective spine surgery for degenerative conditions among US Medicare beneficiaries. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2012;12:902–11. 10.1016/j.spinee.2012.09.051 . Martin BI, Mirza SK, Comstock BA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Deyo RA. Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures. Spine. 2007;32:382–7. 10.1097/01.brs.0000254104.55716.46 . Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Good CR, O'Leary PT, Sides BA. Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery: six hundred forty-three consecutive patients followed-up to twenty-two years postoperative. Spine. 2010;35:219–26. 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c91180 . Shimizu T, Fujibayashi S, Takemoto M, Otsuki B, Kimura H, Ota M, Kusuba A, Kim Y, Soeda T, Watanabe K, Sakamoto T, Uchikoshi A, Tsubouchi N, Matsuda S. A multi-center study of reoperations within 30 days of spine surgery. European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical. Spine Res Soc. 2016;25:828–35. 10.1007/s00586-015-4113-9 . Tsai TT, Lee SH, Niu CC, Lai PL, Chen LH, Chen WJ. Unplanned revision spinal surgery within a week: a retrospective analysis of surgical causes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:28. 10.1186/s12891-016-0891-4 . Kadono Y, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Hashimoto H, Matsuda S, Tanaka S, Nakamura K. Statistics for orthopedic surgery 2006–2007: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. J Orthop science: official J Japanese Orthop Association. 2010;15:162–70. 10.1007/s00776-009-1448-2 . Ghasem A, Sharma A, Greif DN, Alam M, Maaieh MA. The Arrival of Robotics in Spine Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Spine. 2018;43:1670–7. 10.1097/brs.0000000000002695 . Dosselman LJ, Pernik MN, El Tecle N, Johnson Z, Barrie U, El Ahmadieh TY, Lopez B, Hall K, Aoun SG, Bagley CA. Impact of Insurance Provider on Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay After Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg. 2021;156:e351–8. 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.065 . Morris AM, Baldwin LM, Matthews B, Dominitz JA, Barlow WE, Dobie SA, Billingsley KG. Reoperation as a quality indicator in colorectal surgery: a population-based analysis. Ann Surg. 2007;245:73–9. 10.1097/01.sla.0000231797.37743.9f . Joosten MM, Pai JK, Bertoia ML, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Mittleman MA, Mukamal KJ. Associations between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and risk of peripheral artery disease in men. JAMA. 2012;308:1660–7. 10.1001/jama.2012.13415 . Akirov A, Masri-Iraqi H, Atamna A, Shimon I. (2017) Low Albumin Levels Are Associated with Mortality Risk in Hospitalized Patients. The American journal of medicine 130:1465.e1411-1465.e1419. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.020 Paar M, Rossmann C, Nusshold C, Wagner T, Schlagenhauf A, Leschnik B, Oettl K, Koestenberger M, Cvirn G, Hallström S. Anticoagulant action of low, physiologic, and high albumin levels in whole blood. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0182997. 10.1371/journal.pone.0182997 . Arques S. Serum albumin and cardiovascular disease: State-of-the-art review. Ann Cardiol Angeiol. 2020;69:192–200. 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.012 . Fowkes FG, Aboyans V, Fowkes FJ, McDermott MM, Sampson UK, Criqui MH. Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives. Nat reviews Cardiol. 2017;14:156–70. 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.179 . Kim SY, Sim S, Choi HG. Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2017;7:17789. 10.1038/s41598-017-17958-y . Hahad O, Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Daiber A, Münzel T. Tobacco smoking and vascular biology and function: evidence from human studies. Pflug Arch: Eur J Physiol. 2023;475:797–805. 10.1007/s00424-023-02805-z . Mambo A, Yang Y, Mahulu E, Zihua Z. Investigating the interplay of smoking, cardiovascular risk factors, and overall cardiovascular disease risk: NHANES analysis 2011–2018. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24:193. 10.1186/s12872-024-03838-7 . Perry R, Herbert G, Atkinson C, England C, Northstone K, Baos S, Brush T, Chong A, Ness A, Harris J, Haase A, Shah S, Pufulete M. Pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) to improve outcome after major elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2021;11:e050806. 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050806 . Turan A, Koyuncu O, Egan C, You J, Ruetzler K, Sessler DI, Cywinski JB. Effect of various durations of smoking cessation on postoperative outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35:256–65. 10.1097/eja.0000000000000701 . Wan R, Weissman JP, Grundman K, Lang L, Grybowski DJ, Galiano RD. Diabetic wound healing: The impact of diabetes on myofibroblast activity and its potential therapeutic treatments. Wound repair regeneration: official publication Wound Healing Soc [and] Eur Tissue Repair Soc. 2021;29:573–81. 10.1111/wrr.12954 . Liao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zha K, Ouyang L, Hu W, Zhou W, Sun Y, Liu G. Glucose oxidase: An emerging multidimensional treatment option for diabetic wound healing. Bioactive Mater. 2025;44:131–51. 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.10.006 . He M, Wang Z, Yang H, Wang Q, Xiang D, Pang X, Chan YK, Sun D, Yin G, Yang W, Deng Y. (2023) Multi-Functional Bio-HJzyme: Revolutionizing Diabetic Skin Regeneration with its Glucose-Unlocked Sterilization and Programmed Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 10:e2300986. 10.1002/advs.202300986 Shah N, Hamilton M. Clinical review: Can we predict which patients are at risk of complications following surgery? Crit Care (London England). 2013;17:226. 10.1186/cc11904 . Tranchart H, Gaillard M, Chirica M, Ferretti S, Perlemuter G, Naveau S, Dagher I. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications after laparoscopic liver resection. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:2538–44. 10.1007/s00464-014-3965-0 . Nobili C, Marzano E, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, Addeo P, Bachellier P, Jaeck D, Pessaux P. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for pulmonary complications after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2012;255:540–50. 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182485857 . Adogwa O, Fatemi P, Perez E, Moreno J, Gazcon GC, Gokaslan ZL, Cheng J, Gottfried O, Bagley CA. Negative pressure wound therapy reduces incidence of postoperative wound infection and dehiscence after long-segment thoracolumbar spinal fusion: a single institutional experience. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2014;14:2911–7. 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.04.011 . Deng H, Chan AK, Ammanuel S, Chan AY, Oh T, Skrehot HC, Edwards S, Kondapavulur S, Nichols AD, Liu C, Yue JK, Dhall SS, Clark AJ, Chou D, Ames CP, Mummaneni PV. Risk factors for deep surgical site infection following thoracolumbar spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32:292–301. 10.3171/2019.8.Spine19479 . Cao L, Zeng R, Sun K, Fan H. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous micro-drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage versus debridement with closed suction irrigation for treating deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery. Int Wound J. 2023;21. 10.1111/iwj.14435 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 03 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 31 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9278482","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":623216222,"identity":"8862a8ff-299a-48eb-aaac-03d5fb43047a","order_by":0,"name":"Jiao jiao Dai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiao","middleName":"jiao","lastName":"Dai","suffix":""},{"id":623216223,"identity":"53b9887e-b961-4fa6-9795-7907f462b52c","order_by":1,"name":"Wei chen Dong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"chen","lastName":"Dong","suffix":""},{"id":623216224,"identity":"a497a80d-4c78-4cb9-aed8-778ac7311858","order_by":2,"name":"Shuo Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":623216225,"identity":"125ba2ce-4871-4229-81cf-4bddf21e0b8a","order_by":3,"name":"Yu xin Tian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"xin","lastName":"Tian","suffix":""},{"id":623216226,"identity":"88390144-cf4f-4d17-a633-6ff3072bcd45","order_by":4,"name":"Da ming Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Da","middleName":"ming","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":623216227,"identity":"5221bb81-0ec8-477a-bd89-a062bded410a","order_by":5,"name":"Pan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":623216228,"identity":"de835e3e-33cb-477e-b82f-a34ae0a53b0f","order_by":6,"name":"Zi xiang Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zi","middleName":"xiang","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":623216229,"identity":"8f5c05e8-7327-44d8-a26f-e146f41eccb8","order_by":7,"name":"Wei Lei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Lei","suffix":""},{"id":623216230,"identity":"6f361caa-f818-4602-9cec-03f8a31f2975","order_by":8,"name":"Yang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":623216231,"identity":"d5b2d2b8-792e-4251-b3dd-06c0e35742a7","order_by":9,"name":"Hai yang Qiu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACef7GxgcSFf/t+BkOHyBOi+GMw80GFmeYkyUbjyUQac2B9DaJyjZmxg3NZwyI08HYcLBB4gYbG7MB25mPN94w2MnpNhDQws7c2GA4g4eHz5zn7GbLOQzJxmYHiLAlWUJCgtlyxtlt0jwMBxK3EdICVNNw+I+BAeOG+2+eEa2lsUEiIYFxw4EzbMRpMZxxsJlB4sCBZMmGY8aWcwyI8Is8f/vzH5L/DoCi8uGNNxV2cgS1oAAJHiKjBlkLqTpGwSgYBaNgRAAA+3BJWXsEeiYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hai","middleName":"yang","lastName":"Qiu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-31 10:38:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107245233,"identity":"6a7ab83e-7ae5-4150-9821-84b5593ac595","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-19 08:04:10","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2350421,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe flow chart of the study. URPS, unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery; HN, hospital number\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9278482/v1/ee249063c7ad3832f6a36fb0.png"},{"id":107484316,"identity":"c5ccf677-86ba-4083-927d-49283aa3594d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:31:34","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5943823,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTrend of the incidence of URPS in three medical centers. The incidence of URPS in the three medical centers ranged from 0.23% (incidence of HN 1 in 2015) to 1.88% (incidence of HN 3 in 2022) between January 2013 and January 2023. The trend analysis revealed the overall incidence is on the rise (Red curve). HN, hospital number\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9278482/v1/254844ced3e8e6fdc24eafdd.png"},{"id":107245234,"identity":"0a220d7f-7798-4664-be55-637a8b274bb8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-19 08:04:10","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5731957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of symptoms in different period postoperative. The main symptoms within 30 days after the initial surgery occurred in the acute phase. Within the 30-day postoperative period for patients with URPS, the predominant symptom in the hyper-acute phase was radicular pain (20/476). In the acute phase, the main manifestations are signs of surgical site infection (208/476), followed by radicular pain (56/476) and motor paralysis (45/476), with some patients presenting as asymptomatic (44/476). SSI, surgical site infection\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9278482/v1/b07f178e4d20ddb9289bd362.png"},{"id":107486879,"identity":"2fdfe582-82a3-4501-a9d2-d9662f0b0300","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:39:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14723637,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9278482/v1/376aea27-347b-4568-b367-0e2bbf1c4b68.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The incidence, cause and risk factor of unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery within 30 days: a multi-center retrospective study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe rising incidence of spinal disorders, such as cervical spondylosis and lumbar disc herniation, is linked to the increased workloads and prolonged periods of sedentary behavior \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The complexity of spinal pathologies, coupled with the advanced intricacy of surgical interventions, can lead to diverse complications, including surgical site infection (SSI), symptomatic epidural hematoma (SEH), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSFL), potentially requiring additional unplanned surgical procedures in severe cases \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Complications stem from the initial surgical procedure, accounting for approximately 25% of medical disputes, frequently culminating in unplanned reoperations \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These reoperations carry a mortality rate of 10.3%, which is three times higher than the rate observed in patients undergoing elective surgeries \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Studies indicate that the incidence of unplanned reoperations in orthopedic surgery is 2.2%, exceeding the rate of planned revisions at 1.7% \u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e. Notably, the incidence of URPS has risen to 7.9%, significantly higher than that observed in other orthopedic subspecialties \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The predominant causes for unplanned reoperations include bleeding (15%-41%), infection (8.3%-11%), wound dehiscence (4.6%-7.5%), and implant displacement (5.1%-10.1%) \u003csup\u003e10\u0026ndash;12\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, complications occurring in the immediate postoperative period have a significantly detrimental effect on patient outcomes compared to those that emerge at later stages of recovery \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. While some studies define the early postoperative period as the initial seven days, the length of hospital stay after spinal surgery can extend to 23 days. This variation is influenced by the nature of the surgical procedure and insurance policies, which may result in reoperations occurring during the same hospitalization period \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, this study specifically examines the 30-day postoperative period, suggesting that this pivotal phase is crucial for the prevention and improvement of patient conditions throughout the perioperative period. Besides, postoperative mortality rate has always been the metric for evaluating medical quality. Regarding of this, this study aims to mitigate the occurrence of surgical complications and decrease postoperative mortality rates \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, there is a dearth of literature addressing the causes and risk factors associated with early reoperations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to elucidate the demographic characteristics, incidence, and epidemiological trends of URPS; (2) to assess the chronological distribution of causes and symptoms across specified postoperative period; (3) to identify the risk factors associated with URPS.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Design and Patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis multicenter, retrospective case-control study was conducted across three premier medical centers renowned for their state-of-the-art orthopedic departments, ensuring sophisticated surgical methodologies and a consistent annual surgical caseload. Data collection was meticulously performed within the spinal surgery or specialized spinal units of the orthopedics departments at the hospitals. Utilizing the Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS) on integrated medical terminals at the three institutions, the study retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to the spinal surgery units from 2013 to 2023. The study cohort exclusively included individuals who underwent spinal surgery. Those who received non-surgical spinal interventions such as bedside debridement and drainage, traction, biopsies, rehabilitation, those with an indeterminate etiology not undergoing surgery, and those who underwent non-spinal surgical procedures were excluded. The study cohort included all age groups, encompassing data on both primary and revision surgeries, as well as a range of comorbidities. Additionally, patients who underwent URPS within 30 days were identified based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic information, perioperative indicators, and laboratory parameters for each patient were systematically compiled to identify the risk factors associated with URPS.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria included:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients who underwent spine-related surgery and completed the entire surgical process;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with complete medical records;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients who underwent two or more unplanned surgeries within 30 days of the initial surgery;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients whose reasons for reoperation were related to the initial surgery;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with informed consent.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria encompassed:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients whose reasons for reoperation were unrelated to the initial surgery (e.g., pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, intestinal obstruction);\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients whose reoperation was planned (e.g., tuberculosis of the spine, suppurative spondylitis and brucellosis spondylitis);\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with reoperation 30 days later after initial surgery;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with other serious disease;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with data missing.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study protocol adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of AFMU (approval NO. KY20232136-C-1). Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the ethical review committees of the three medical institutions confirmed that prior informed consent was not required. The flow chart of this study is shown in Figure 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePostoperative period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn alignment with contemporary medical literature, this study categorizes the 30-day postoperative period into discrete intervals: the hyper-acute phase (0-1 day), the acute phase (2-10 days), and the sub-acute phase (11-30 days). This stratification allows for a detailed examination of the causes and the spectrum of symptomatology within these defined temporal contexts post-surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Variables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe principal outcome measure of this study is defined as URPS. Inspiring from previous research, this study incorporates a comprehensive array of variables, including demographic information - such as gender, age, smoking and drinking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM); Perioperative\u0026nbsp;indicators - length of stay (LOS), first operation time (FOT), blood loss (FB), implant utilization, postoperative anticoagulation (PTAG), preoperative antibiotic (PTAB), blood transfusions (BT), application of gelatin sponge (GS), and drainage volume (DV). In addition, the study assesses a panel of laboratory indexes, which consist of\u0026nbsp;thrombin\u0026nbsp;time (TT), hemoglobin levels (HGB), albumin levels (ALB), calcium levels (Ca+), coagulation\u0026nbsp;function\u0026nbsp;(CF),\u0026nbsp;liver and kidney function\u0026nbsp;(LKF), and potassium levels (K+).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll potential risk factors examined in this study are stratified into categorical variables. Chi-square tests were employed to discern the differences among these variables. Variables with a p-value less than 0.1, as identified in the chi-square analysis, were subsequently included in a multivariable logistic regression model to pinpoint risk factors correlated with URPS. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was leveraged to detect multicollinearity; only those variables with a VIF value below 10 were deemed suitable for inclusion in the study. The outcomes of the regression model are presented as odds ratios (OR) alongside their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. The analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and GraphPad Prism version 9.0.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncidence and demographic characteristics of URPS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cohort of 77,026 individuals was recruited for this study, encompassing 476 cases who underwent URPS within 30 days. Within this group, 258 were males (54.2%) and 218 were females (45.8%). The ages of these individuals ranged from 4 to 84 years, with an average age of 48.98\u0026plusmn;14.75 years. In contrast, the subset of 76,550 individuals who did not experience URPS comprised 41,339 males (54.0%) and 35,211 females (46.0%), with an average age of 40.36\u0026plusmn;14.08 years. The overall incidence of URPS across the participating hospitals was 0.62%. The hospital-specific incidences were as follows: Hospital 1 (HN 1) reported 241 cases with an incidence of 0.46%; Hospital 2 (HN 2) reported 122 cases with an incidence of 0.92%; and Hospital 3 (HN 3) reported 113 cases with an incidence of 0.97%. Trend analysis revealed a consistent annual increase in the incidence rates across the three hospitals, rising from 0.23% to 1.88% over the observation period (Fig. 2). The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort are detailed in Table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Demographic information, incidence and the top three leading causes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicators\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eURPS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (% total)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 286px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCauses of URPS（N,%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e男\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258(0.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41597\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(120,46.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(43,16.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(29,11.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e女\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218(0.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(91,41.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(52,23.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18,8.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;60岁\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174(0.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(82,47.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(34,19.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15,8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜60岁\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e302(0.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57524\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(129,42.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(61,20.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(33,10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHN 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e241(0.46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(87,36.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(62,25.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24,10.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHN 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122(0.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(66,54.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15,12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13,10.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHN 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113(0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58,51.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18,15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,8.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLOS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;7d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e429(0.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(205,47.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(70,16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(46,10.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜7d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(0.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13826\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25,53.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,12.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,12.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrinking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168(0.63)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26650\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(81,48.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(22,13.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(22,13.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308(0.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(130,42.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(73,23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25,8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139(0.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(65,46.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21,15.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e337(0.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57301\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(146,43.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(74,22.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(28,8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157(0.55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28602\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(71,45.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(29, 18.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12, 7.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e319(0.66)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48424\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(140,43.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(66, 20.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(35, 11.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180(0.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(53,29.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(77, 42.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(15, 8.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296(0.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(158,53.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18, 6.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32, 10.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDegenerative disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e320(0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(137,42.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(87,27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(26,8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTumour\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59(1.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(30,50.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,16.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,6.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42(1.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3564\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,45.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,23.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDTF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInfectious diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19,44.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,14.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4,9.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(1.15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCervical vertebra\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109(0.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(48,44.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25,22.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10,9.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLumbar vertebra\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(1.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,33.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,25.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2,8.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLumbar (sacral) vertebrae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e330(0.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(150,45.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(63,19.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32,9.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCervicothoracic vertebrae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(1.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,33.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,33.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,33.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThoracolumbar (sacral) vertebrae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(1.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,14.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1,14.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2,28.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe whole spine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(10.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,100.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75(0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11592\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32,42.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(16,21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7,9.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePosterior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e373(0.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(167,44.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(74,19.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(37,9.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombined anterior-posterior\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28(7.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12,42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5,17.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3,10.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImplant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e433(0.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61762\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(193,44.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(89,20.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(41,9.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(0.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(18,41.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8,18.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6,14.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e476(0.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; HN, Hospital number; PSP, Poor screw position; LOS, Length of stay; ID, Inadequate decompression; DM, Diabetes mellitus; DT, Disease type; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; SS, Surgical site; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; SP, Surgical path.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCause and symptom\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on medical records and clinical assessments by attending physicians, the 476 cases of URPS were attributed to the following causes: Neurological Deficits (ND), Surgical Site Infection (SSI), Symptomatic Epidural Hematoma (SEH), Poor Screw Position (PSP), Inadequate Decompression (ID), Drainage Tube Fracture (DTF), Incision Fat Liquefaction (IFL), Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage (CSFL), Nerve Root Entrapment (NRE), Sacral Cyst (SC), Wound Dehiscence (WD), Titanium Mesh Dislocation (TMD), and Fusion Cage Dislodgement (FCD). SSI and SEH were identified as the predominant causes. The symptom encompassed motor paralysis, radicular pain, signs of surgical site infection, combined motor paralysis and radicular pain, and asymptomatic patients. Table 2 delineates the causes of URPS and their corresponding symptoms. The findings reveal that SSI symptoms predominantly presented as infectious signs, while SEH predominantly caused neurological compression due to hematoma. Over half of the cases with PSP exhibited radicular pain. CSFL and IFL primarily manifested symptoms consistent with SSI. Notably, the majority of patients with NRE presented motor paralysis, with only a minority experiencing radicular pain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Causes and Major symptom Presentations of URPS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCauses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 525px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreoperative symptoms of reoperation, N (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMotor paralysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRadicular pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSymptoms of SSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombined motor paralysis and radicular pain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo symptom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e211(44.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e210(99.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95(19.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(32.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23(24.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(9.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(14.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(51.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(29.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(6.72)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(18.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(56.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDTF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(3.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(5.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(94.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(3.36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(6.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(37.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(56.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(2.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNRE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(2.31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(63.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(2.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(1.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2（25.0）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(1.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(57.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(28.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTMD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(1.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(83.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFCD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(0.84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e476(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 112px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66(13.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e230(48.32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(8.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57(11.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eND, Neurological deficits; SSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; PSP, Poor screw position; ID, Inadequate decompression; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; NRE, Nerve root entrapment; SC, Sacral cyst; WD, Wound dehiscence; TMD, Titanium mesh dislocation; FCD, Fusion cage dislodgement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistribution of causes and symptoms at different periods post-surgery\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSSI predominantly occurs in the acute phase, with few cases in the hyper-acute phase. In contrast, SEH mainly occurs in both the hyper-acute and acute phases. The causes that primarily occur in the acute phase include PSP, IFL, CSFL, DTF, WD, NRE, and ND. Only SC predominantly occurs in the sub-acute phase (Table 3). Within the 30-day postoperative period for patients with URPS, the predominant symptom in the hyper-acute phase is radicular pain. In the acute phase, the main manifestations are signs of surgical site infection, followed by radicular pain and motor paralysis, with some patients presenting as asymptomatic (Figure 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Distribution of causes of URPS in each postoperative period\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCauses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccurrence time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeriod post-surgery [N(%)]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHyper-acute phase\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-1d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcute phase\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2-10d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSub-acute phase\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11-30d)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSSI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.97\u0026plusmn;3.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(6.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195(51.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(26.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e211(44.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.80\u0026plusmn;3.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(85.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53(14.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95(20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.66\u0026plusmn;3.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36(9.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(22.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(9.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eID\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.25\u0026plusmn;3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(6.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(12.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.75\u0026plusmn;3.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSFL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026plusmn;4.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDTF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.68\u0026plusmn;2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(3.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026plusmn;4.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(16.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25\u0026plusmn;2.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFCD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.50\u0026plusmn;2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTMD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.83\u0026plusmn;7.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(6.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNRE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.40\u0026plusmn;3.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.71\u0026plusmn;4.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.01\u0026plusmn;3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e379(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e476(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eND, Neurological deficits; SSI, Surgical site infection; SEH, Symptomatic epidural hematoma; PSP, Poor screw position; ID, Inadequate decompression; DTF, Drainage tube fracture; IFL, Incision fat liquefaction; CSFL, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage; NRE, Nerve root entrapment; SC, Sacral cyst; WD, Wound dehiscence; TMD, Titanium mesh dislocation; FCD, Fusion cage dislodgement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRisk factors for URPS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe eleven variables identified by univariate analysis that were statistically significant in the normal and the URPS groups were: Smoking, Hypertension, DM，Implant，FOT，FB，DV，PTAB，Ca+，LOS and TT (Table 4) . Subsequent multivariate analysis, incorporating these significant indicators, confirmed that Smoking, DM, LOS \u0026ge;7d，FOT \u0026ge;3h，DV \u0026ge;300ml, and Abnormal TT are independent risk factors for URPS (Table 5).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Univariate Analysis of Risk factors for URPS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 210px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 224px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eURPS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026chi;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258(54.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e526(55.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218(45.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e426(44.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174(36.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323(33.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.964\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e302(63.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e629(66.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrinking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168（35.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e330（34.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.814\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308（64.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e622（65.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139（29.2%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e232（24.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e337（70.8%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e720（75.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157（33%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272（28.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.939\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.086*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e319（67%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e680（71.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180（37.8%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235（24.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.01*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296（62.2%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e717（75.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMBP（mmHg）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55（11.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89（9.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.703\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e421（88.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e863（90.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImplant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e433（91%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e835（87.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.382\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.066*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43（9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117（12.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFOT (h)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e229（48.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396（41.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.469\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.019*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247（51.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e556（58.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFB (ml)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57（12%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85（8.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e419（88%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e867（91.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e347（72.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e683（71.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129（27.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269（28.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDV (ml)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e404（84.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e496（52.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.01*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72（15.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e456（47.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e437（91.8%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e850（89.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39（8.2%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102（10.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePTAG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378（79.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e729（76.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98（20.6%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e223（23.4%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePTAB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e362（76.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e774（81.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.381\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.02*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114（23.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178（18.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHGB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204（42.9%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e421（44.2%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272（57.1%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e531（55.8%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e249（52.3%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e528（55.5%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e227（47.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e424（44.5%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLKF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187 (39.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e403 (42.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e289 (60.7%）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e549 (57.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165 (34.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e348 (36.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.493\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.483\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e311 (65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e604 (63.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e252 (52.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e518 (54.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224 (47.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e434 (45.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167 (35.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e383 (40.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.550\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e309 (64.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e569 (59.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182 (38.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e393 (41.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294 (61.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e559 (58.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLOS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;7天\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e429 (90.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e781 (82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜0.01*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e＜7天\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (9.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e330 (69.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e703 (73.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.235\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146 (30.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e249 (26.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDM, diabetes mellitus; MBP, maximal blood pressure; FOT, first operation time; FB, first bleeding; BT, blood transfusion; DV, drainage volume; GS, gelatin sponge; PATG, postoperative anticoagulants; PTAB, preoperative antibiotic; HGB, hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; LKF, liver and kidney function; CF, coagulation function; DD, D-dimer; LOS, length of stay; TT, thrombin time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. Multivariate Analysis of Risk factors for URPS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 191px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeneral Information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.371\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.796\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.436\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.436\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.824\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLOS \u0026ge;7d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.713\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.611\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerioperative indicators\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImplant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.826\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.837\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFOT \u0026ge;3h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.014*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.061\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.716\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFB \u0026ge;600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.216\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.792\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDV \u0026ge;300ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.793\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-PTAB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.904\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.619\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elab indexes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa+ (Abnormal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.913\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 187px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTT (Abnormal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.048*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*P \u0026lt; 0.05; ** P \u0026lt; 0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDM, Diabetes mellitus; LOS, Length of stay; FOT, First operation time; FB, First bleeding; \u0026nbsp;DV, Drainage volume; PATB, Preoperative antibiotic; TT, Thrombin time; CI, Confidence interval; OR, Odds ratio.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe performed an analysis focusing on patients with URPS. The notable disparities in global healthcare policies contribute to a markedly shorter average hospital stay in the United States, which is approximately 3.2 days, highlighting the importance of postoperative readmission studies\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;This brevity underscores the crucial need for research into postoperative readmissions. In contrast, Japan’s comprehensive welfare benefits and healthcare coverage tend to encourage physicians to postpone patient discharge until complete recovery is ascertained, resulting in the average hospital stay being to around one month\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Previous studies have indicated a 1.6% reoperation rate following spinal surgery, which is higher than the rate observed in our study. However, prior studies did not differentiate between scheduled and unplanned reoperations; our research specifically focuses on the latter. We contend that the study of unplanned reoperations holds significant clinical implications, facilitating a more detailed informed consent process, the development of more comprehensive surgical protocols, and the implementation of targeted postoperative health management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic characteristics of URPS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study revealed a progressive annual increase in the incidence of URPS, potentially associated with the escalating utilization of internal implants. Within this study, the reoperation rate was significantly higher among patients with internal implants (0.78% vs. 0.20%). Furthermore, these interventions were also associated with higher volumes of blood loss.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong\u0026nbsp;those with smoking, SEH was identified as the leading cause of URPS, constituting 53.2% of the cases. The scientific literature affirms that tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 distinct chemicals, which are capable of inducing vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid metabolism disruptions, making it a substantial risk factor for peripheral vascular disease \u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e. As a result, smoking is correlated with heightened vascular stiffness and impeded wound healing, adversely affecting the postoperative recuperation of the microvasculature. In this study, smoking was identified as an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.371. Therefore, the enforcement of smoking cessation initiatives during the perioperative period of spinal surgery is crucial for promoting rapid recovery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCause and symptom distribution of URPS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSSI and SEH were the leading causes of URPS, accounting for more than half of the cases (63.3%). Since symptoms related to SSI are primarily infection-related, it is hypothesized that they may be associated with hypoalbuminemia, with 32.7% of these patients showing albumin levels below the normative range. Previous studies have demonstrated a robust correlation between hypoalbuminemia and complications following hospital discharge\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Albumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, can regulate inflammatory responses and promote wound healing\u003csup\u003e20, 21\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;However, hypoalbuminemia did not manifest as a risk factor for URPS in this study, possibly owing to the size of the control cohort. Additionally, drainage tube fractures (DTF) and sacral cysts (SC) are often asymptomatic. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) was frequently associated with a high infection rate\u0026nbsp;(66.7%).\u0026nbsp;When examining the temporal distribution of URPS, the majority of occurrences were within the first two weeks, peaking around 7 days postoperatively, underscoring the critical need for close surveillance of symptoms and signs in patients during this interval and the urgency for preemptive interventions.\u0026nbsp;Within a specific postoperative period, 79.6% (379/476) of URPS cases were confined to the acute phase (2-10 days), with infection being the predominant presentation. In the hyperacute phase, SEH-related URPS were observed in 85.1% of patients, which is consistent with symptoms of motor paralysis or radicular pain. The acute phase marked the peak of symptom manifestation.\u0026nbsp;Therefore, in clinical practice, the acute and hyperacute phases post surgery require intensified vigilance, especially regarding symptoms of motor paralysis and radicular pain. These symptoms are crucial for spinal surgeons to gauge patient status and recovery, thus guiding the formulation of targeted clinical prevention and treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRisk factors of URPS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the risk factors for URPS included smoking, DM, LOS≥7days, FOT≥3 hours, DV≥300 ml, and abnormal TT.\u0026nbsp;The existing literature demonstrates that tobacco use has detrimental effects on the vasculature through various pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis, significantly contributing to postoperative complications like infectious morbidity and impaired wound healing\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e22-25\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Abstinence from smoking during the perioperative period is correlated with improved surgical outcomes and patient health\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;This study identified smoking as a substantial risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.371.\u0026nbsp;Accordingly, the literature suggests that smoking cessation for 90 days postoperatively may reduce overall healthcare costs and prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Among diabetic individuals, a global increase in the incidence of delayed healing is attributed to the lack of effective preventive and control measures.\u0026nbsp;Studies show that insufficient chemokine secretion in diabetic patients leads to impaired muscle fiber healing, thereby affecting postoperative wound healing\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;In this study, DM emerged as a risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.824. For instance, the postoperative application of glucose oxidase (GOx) can expedite wound healing. This enzyme not only regulates the hyperglycemic microenvironment but also has antibacterial and oxygen-providing properties\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Additionally, the use of growth factors can hasten the healing rate of diabetic wounds, positively influencing the wound healing process in diabetic patients\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;As of 2021, the Chinese clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) highlight the significance of minimizing hospital stays and reducing the occurrence of postoperative complications. Empirical evidence indicates that a shortened hospital stay can negatively impact the postoperative rehabilitation of critically ill patients, mainly due to inadequate access to postoperative rehabilitative care. The findings of this study revealed that an extended hospitalization duration was an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 2.487. This correlation may arise from the increased probability of wound infection associated with prolonged hospital stays.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmerging evidence suggests a robust correlation between prolonged operative times and an array of complications, including SSI, venous thromboembolism (VTE), hemorrhage, hematoma formation, and necrosis\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e31, 32\u003c/sup\u003e. FOT emerges as an independent and potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of these complications\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e32, 33\u003c/sup\u003e. In this analysis, FOT was established at three hours, informed by the spinal surgery specialists. The findings revealed that an FOT exceeding 3 hours was an independent risk factor for URPS, consistent with previous studies. Prolonged FOT are associated with increased blood loss, and extended wound exposure contributes to increased exudate production, complicating the wound healing process and augmenting the risk of subsequent surgical interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complexity inherent in spinal anatomy frequently mandates the implementation of drainage following spinal surgery. Studies have indicated that transient exposure to the external environment during the exchange of drainage bags can heighten the risk of retrograde bacterial infection, potentially discouraging the use of drains\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Nonetheless, research by Owoicho Adogwa et al. has shown that\u0026nbsp;the application of negative pressure drainage in extensive thoracolumbar fusion and corrective surgeries significantly reduces wound dehiscence by 50% and substantially lowers the occurrence of postoperative\u0026nbsp;SSI\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Moreover, evidence suggests that drain lavage and high negative pressure drainage are more effective than simple closed drainage in addressing URPS\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e35, 36\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;However, these studies have not evaluated the impact of DV on postoperative recovery.\u0026nbsp;In our research, 94% (447 out of 476) of patients who experienced URPS had drains in place.\u0026nbsp;Therefore, examining the influence of postoperative DV on URPS, rather than the use of negative pressure drainage alone, could provide more profound clinical insights.\u0026nbsp;Our study’s findings reveal that DV≥300ml is an independent and significant risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 5.055.\u0026nbsp;Increased drainage volumes suggest heightened wound exudate or minor vascular bleeding. Consequently, vigilant monitoring of drainage volume in the immediate postoperative period and the timely removal of drains may be crucial in the prevention of postoperative URPS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTT is recognized as a biomarker reflecting an individual's coagulation status, mirroring disruptions in hemostasis. An extended TT is indicative of coagulopathy, thereby increasing the likelihood of intraoperative hemorrhage in patients. Our study identifies prolonged TT as an independent risk factor for URPS, with an odds ratio of 1.313, aligning with previous research. Thus, in the practice of spinal surgery, meticulous preoperative surveillance of coagulation profiles, along with the correction of any abnormalities, is vital to mitigate the risks of postoperative bleeding or hematoma, potentially reducing the incidence of URPS.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. Firstly, while the inclusion of three centers provides a substantial dataset, the generalization of our findings requires validation through subsequent studies encompassing a broader and more diverse cohort. Secondly, due to the constraint design of our study, our analysis failed to select all variables from patient demographics, perioperative indicators, and laboratory indexes, omitting variables not correlated with reoperation rates in prior studies. Hence, future research should endeavor to incorporate an expanded set of predictive factors. Lastly, the determination of reoperation causes relied on the subjective assessments of surgical staff, which may introduce variability in the criteria and decision-making processes for reoperations, potentially impacting the study outcomes. Despite these limitations, the findings of this study hold significant value for the preoperative stratification of risks, patient counseling, and the attenuation of perioperative risks and complications.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePerioperative management is pivotal in facilitating postoperative rehabilitation and preventing reoperation. Thus, it is essential to investigate the causes and risk factors for URPS within 30 days following surgery. In the present study, we analyzed the incidence and trend of URPS, the distribution of causes and symptoms during postoperative periods, and the risk factors contributing to URPS. Our results provide pivotal insights for spinal surgeons to disclose preoperative risks to patients. By rigorously managing these risk factors in the perioperative period, a reduction in the incidence of URPS is anticipated, enhanced the quality of care, and improved postoperative outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eALB: albumin;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBT: blood transfusion;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCF: coagulation function;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSFL: cerebrospinal fluid leakage;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCI: confidence intervals;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDD: D-dimer;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDTF: drainage Tube Fracture;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT: disease type;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDM: diabetes mellitus;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDV: drainage volume;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDTF: drainage tube fracture;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEMRS: electronic medical record systems;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFB: first bleeding;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFCD: fusion cage dislodgement;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFOT: first operation time;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGS: gelatin sponge;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHGB: hemoglobin;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHN: hospital number\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eID: inadequate decompression;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIFL: incision fat liquefaction;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eID: inadequate decompression;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLOS: length of stay;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLKF: liver and kidney function;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eND: neurological deficits;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNRE: nerve root entrapment;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR: odds ratios;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePTAG: postoperative anticoagulation;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePTAB: preoperative antibiotic;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePSP: poor screw position;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSSI: surgical site infection ;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSS: surgical site;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSEH: symptomatic epidural hematoma;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSC: sacral cyst;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSP: surgical path;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTMD: titanium mesh dislocation;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTT: thrombin time;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eURPS: unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVIF: variance inflation factor;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWD: wound dehiscence;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCa+: calcium;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK+: potassium\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study is a retrospective study and the research data were all extracted from the electronic medical record system, the ethical review committees of the three medical institutions confirmed that prior informed consent was not required. Our research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (No. KY20232582-F-1) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eConsent for Publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data in this manuscript was provided by three medical centers. Data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author with permission of the third party listed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eFunding\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have no funding to disclose\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu, Yang Zhang, Wei Lei; Methodology: Hai-yang Qiu, Yang Zhang, Da-ming Liu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang, Pan Li, Zi-xiang Wu, Wei Lei; Formal analysis: Yang Zhang, Da-ming Liu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang, Zi-xiang Wu, Wei Lei; Investigation: Jiao-jiao Dai; Writing - original draft: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu; Writing - review \u0026amp; editing: Yang Zhang, Jiao-jiao Dai, Pan Li, Zi-xiang Wu; Data curation: Jiao-jiao Dai, Hai-yang Qiu, Wei-chen Dong, Shuo Wang; Supervision: Yang Zhang, Hai-yang Qiu.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eDisclosure\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eParenteau CS, Lau EC, Campbell IC, Courtney A. Prevalence of spine degeneration diagnosis by type, age, gender, and obesity using Medicare data. Sci Rep. 2021;11:5389. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1038/s41598-021-84724-6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s41598-021-84724-6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFang XT, Wood KB. Management of postoperative instrumented spinal wound infection. Chin Med J. 2013;126:3817\u0026ndash;21.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaslow J, Hutzler L, Slover J, Bosco J 3. rd (2015) Etiology of Readmissions Following Orthopaedic Procedures and Medical Admissions. A Comparative Analysis. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013) 73:269\u0026ndash;275.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBirkmeyer JD, Hamby LS, Birkmeyer CM, Decker MV, Karon NM, Dow RW. (2001) Is unplanned return to the operating room a useful quality indicator in general surgery? Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 136:405\u0026ndash;411. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1001/archsurg.136.4.405\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1001/archsurg.136.4.405\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKroon HM, Breslau PJ, Lardenoye JW. Can the incidence of unplanned reoperations be used as an indicator of quality of care in surgery? Am J Med quality: official J Am Coll Med Qual. 2007;22:198\u0026ndash;202. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1177/1062860607300652\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/1062860607300652\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOuyang H, Hu Y, Hu W, Zhang H, Sun Z, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Dong S, Li W, Tian Y. Incidences, causes and risk factors of unplanned reoperations within 30 days of spine surgery: a single-center study based on 35,246 patients. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2022;22:1811\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.spinee.2022.07.098\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.spinee.2022.07.098\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFr\u0026ouml;schl U, Sengstbratl M, Huber J, F\u0026uuml;gger R. Unplanned reoperations for infection complications: a survey for quality control. Surg Infect. 2006;7:263\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1089/sur.2006.7.263\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1089/sur.2006.7.263\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePujol N, Merrer J, Lemaire B, Boisrenoult P, Desmoineaux P, Oger P, Lebas C, Beaufils P. Unplanned return to theater: A quality of care and risk management index? Orthopaedics \u0026amp; traumatology, surgery \u0026amp; research. OTSR. 2015;101:399\u0026ndash;403. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.otsr.2015.03.013\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.otsr.2015.03.013\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang MC, Shivakoti M, Sparapani RA, Guo C, Laud PW, Nattinger AB. Thirty-day readmissions after elective spine surgery for degenerative conditions among US Medicare beneficiaries. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2012;12:902\u0026ndash;11. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.spinee.2012.09.051\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.spinee.2012.09.051\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMartin BI, Mirza SK, Comstock BA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Deyo RA. Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures. Spine. 2007;32:382\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/01.brs.0000254104.55716.46\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/01.brs.0000254104.55716.46\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Good CR, O'Leary PT, Sides BA. Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery: six hundred forty-three consecutive patients followed-up to twenty-two years postoperative. Spine. 2010;35:219\u0026ndash;26. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c91180\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c91180\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShimizu T, Fujibayashi S, Takemoto M, Otsuki B, Kimura H, Ota M, Kusuba A, Kim Y, Soeda T, Watanabe K, Sakamoto T, Uchikoshi A, Tsubouchi N, Matsuda S. A multi-center study of reoperations within 30 days of spine surgery. European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical. Spine Res Soc. 2016;25:828\u0026ndash;35. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00586-015-4113-9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00586-015-4113-9\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTsai TT, Lee SH, Niu CC, Lai PL, Chen LH, Chen WJ. Unplanned revision spinal surgery within a week: a retrospective analysis of surgical causes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:28. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1186/s12891-016-0891-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12891-016-0891-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKadono Y, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Hashimoto H, Matsuda S, Tanaka S, Nakamura K. Statistics for orthopedic surgery 2006\u0026ndash;2007: data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. J Orthop science: official J Japanese Orthop Association. 2010;15:162\u0026ndash;70. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00776-009-1448-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00776-009-1448-2\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGhasem A, Sharma A, Greif DN, Alam M, Maaieh MA. The Arrival of Robotics in Spine Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Spine. 2018;43:1670\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/brs.0000000000002695\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/brs.0000000000002695\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDosselman LJ, Pernik MN, El Tecle N, Johnson Z, Barrie U, El Ahmadieh TY, Lopez B, Hall K, Aoun SG, Bagley CA. Impact of Insurance Provider on Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay After Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg. 2021;156:e351\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.065\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.065\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorris AM, Baldwin LM, Matthews B, Dominitz JA, Barlow WE, Dobie SA, Billingsley KG. Reoperation as a quality indicator in colorectal surgery: a population-based analysis. Ann Surg. 2007;245:73\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/01.sla.0000231797.37743.9f\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/01.sla.0000231797.37743.9f\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJoosten MM, Pai JK, Bertoia ML, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Mittleman MA, Mukamal KJ. Associations between conventional cardiovascular risk factors and risk of peripheral artery disease in men. JAMA. 2012;308:1660\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1001/jama.2012.13415\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1001/jama.2012.13415\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAkirov A, Masri-Iraqi H, Atamna A, Shimon I. (2017) Low Albumin Levels Are Associated with Mortality Risk in Hospitalized Patients. The American journal of medicine 130:1465.e1411-1465.e1419. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.020\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.07.020\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePaar M, Rossmann C, Nusshold C, Wagner T, Schlagenhauf A, Leschnik B, Oettl K, Koestenberger M, Cvirn G, Hallstr\u0026ouml;m S. Anticoagulant action of low, physiologic, and high albumin levels in whole blood. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0182997. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1371/journal.pone.0182997\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1371/journal.pone.0182997\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArques S. Serum albumin and cardiovascular disease: State-of-the-art review. Ann Cardiol Angeiol. 2020;69:192\u0026ndash;200. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.012\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.012\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFowkes FG, Aboyans V, Fowkes FJ, McDermott MM, Sampson UK, Criqui MH. Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives. Nat reviews Cardiol. 2017;14:156\u0026ndash;70. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1038/nrcardio.2016.179\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/nrcardio.2016.179\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim SY, Sim S, Choi HG. Active, passive, and electronic cigarette smoking is associated with asthma in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2017;7:17789. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1038/s41598-017-17958-y\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s41598-017-17958-y\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHahad O, Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Daiber A, M\u0026uuml;nzel T. Tobacco smoking and vascular biology and function: evidence from human studies. Pflug Arch: Eur J Physiol. 2023;475:797\u0026ndash;805. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00424-023-02805-z\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00424-023-02805-z\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMambo A, Yang Y, Mahulu E, Zihua Z. Investigating the interplay of smoking, cardiovascular risk factors, and overall cardiovascular disease risk: NHANES analysis 2011\u0026ndash;2018. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24:193. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1186/s12872-024-03838-7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12872-024-03838-7\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePerry R, Herbert G, Atkinson C, England C, Northstone K, Baos S, Brush T, Chong A, Ness A, Harris J, Haase A, Shah S, Pufulete M. Pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) to improve outcome after major elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2021;11:e050806. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050806\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050806\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTuran A, Koyuncu O, Egan C, You J, Ruetzler K, Sessler DI, Cywinski JB. Effect of various durations of smoking cessation on postoperative outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35:256\u0026ndash;65. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/eja.0000000000000701\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/eja.0000000000000701\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWan R, Weissman JP, Grundman K, Lang L, Grybowski DJ, Galiano RD. Diabetic wound healing: The impact of diabetes on myofibroblast activity and its potential therapeutic treatments. Wound repair regeneration: official publication Wound Healing Soc [and] Eur Tissue Repair Soc. 2021;29:573\u0026ndash;81. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1111/wrr.12954\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/wrr.12954\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Zha K, Ouyang L, Hu W, Zhou W, Sun Y, Liu G. Glucose oxidase: An emerging multidimensional treatment option for diabetic wound healing. Bioactive Mater. 2025;44:131\u0026ndash;51. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.10.006\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.10.006\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe M, Wang Z, Yang H, Wang Q, Xiang D, Pang X, Chan YK, Sun D, Yin G, Yang W, Deng Y. (2023) Multi-Functional Bio-HJzyme: Revolutionizing Diabetic Skin Regeneration with its Glucose-Unlocked Sterilization and Programmed Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 10:e2300986. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1002/advs.202300986\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/advs.202300986\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShah N, Hamilton M. Clinical review: Can we predict which patients are at risk of complications following surgery? Crit Care (London England). 2013;17:226. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1186/cc11904\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/cc11904\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTranchart H, Gaillard M, Chirica M, Ferretti S, Perlemuter G, Naveau S, Dagher I. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications after laparoscopic liver resection. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:2538\u0026ndash;44. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00464-014-3965-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00464-014-3965-0\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNobili C, Marzano E, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, Addeo P, Bachellier P, Jaeck D, Pessaux P. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for pulmonary complications after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2012;255:540\u0026ndash;50. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182485857\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182485857\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdogwa O, Fatemi P, Perez E, Moreno J, Gazcon GC, Gokaslan ZL, Cheng J, Gottfried O, Bagley CA. Negative pressure wound therapy reduces incidence of postoperative wound infection and dehiscence after long-segment thoracolumbar spinal fusion: a single institutional experience. spine journal: official J North Am Spine Soc. 2014;14:2911\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.spinee.2014.04.011\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.spinee.2014.04.011\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeng H, Chan AK, Ammanuel S, Chan AY, Oh T, Skrehot HC, Edwards S, Kondapavulur S, Nichols AD, Liu C, Yue JK, Dhall SS, Clark AJ, Chou D, Ames CP, Mummaneni PV. Risk factors for deep surgical site infection following thoracolumbar spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32:292\u0026ndash;301. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3171/2019.8.Spine19479\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3171/2019.8.Spine19479\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCao L, Zeng R, Sun K, Fan H. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous micro-drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage versus debridement with closed suction irrigation for treating deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery. Int Wound J. 2023;21. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1111/iwj.14435\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/iwj.14435\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-surgery","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bsur","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Surgery](http://bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bsur/default.aspx","title":"BMC Surgery","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Spinal surgery, Unplanned reoperation, Multicenter, Incidence, Causes, 30 days","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c/b\u003e: This study aims to elucidate the demographic characteristics, incidence, causes, and risk factors of unplanned reoperations post-spinal surgery (URPS) within 30 days.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMethods\u003c/b\u003e: Our retrospective analysis included patients who underwent spinal surgery at three tertiary hospitals between January 2013 and January 2023, with a specific focus on those experiencing unplanned reoperations within 30 days postoperatively. We evaluated demographic characteristics, incidence rates, and patterns of unplanned reoperations. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the causes and symptoms across various postoperative period was conducted. Furthermore, we also investigated the risk factors of URPS.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e: Our study, which encompassed 77,026 individuals, identified 476 cases of URPS within 30 days, including 258 males (54.2%) and 218 females (45.8%). The age ranges from 4 to 84 years, with a mean age of 48.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.75 years. The overall incidence of URPS was 0.62%, demonstrating a gradual annual increase. Surgical site infection (SSI) and symptomatic epidural hematoma (SEH) were the leading causes of URPS, manifesting primarily as signs of surgical infection, radicular pain, and motor paralysis. The postoperative interval of 2\u0026ndash;10 days (acute phase) was the most critical period for symptom manifestation, while SEH predominantly occurred in the hyper-acute phase (0\u0026ndash;1 day). The identified risk factors for URPS included Smoking (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022, OR:1.371, 95%CI [1.047, 1.796]), Diabetes mellitus (DM) (p\u0026lt;0.001, OR:1.824, 95%CI [1.406, 2.366]), Length of stay (LOS) (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7 days) (p\u0026lt;0.001, OR:2.487, 95%CI [1.713, 3.611]), First operation time (FOT) (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 hours) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.014, OR:1.349, 95%CI [1.061, 1.716]), Drainage volume (DV) (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;300ml) (p\u0026lt;0.001, OR:5.055, 95%CI [3.793, 6.737]), and abnormal Thrombin time (TT) (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048, OR:1.313, 95%CI [1.002, 1.72]).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eConclusions\u003c/b\u003e: This retrospective multicenter study systematically explored the incidence, causes, and risk factors of URPS. The findings presented herein have the potential to significantly influence preoperative counseling, refine the formulation of surgical protocols, and foster the advancement of postoperative health management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The incidence, cause and risk factor of unplanned reoperation post-spinal surgery within 30 days: a multi-center retrospective study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-19 08:04:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9278482/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-29T05:53:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-28T05:46:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-20T08:04:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"281349619738817940540969891112535171794","date":"2026-04-14T22:03:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"199797323892140829794292491071672982871","date":"2026-04-11T09:00:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"193215313367433125671902987666677351985","date":"2026-04-09T05:30:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"2909284854642308901050583506573016745","date":"2026-04-09T05:02:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"323254436361492204055878524764721784886","date":"2026-04-08T16:47:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-08T15:39:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-03T18:18:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T12:59:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T12:58:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Surgery","date":"2026-03-31T10:25:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-surgery","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bsur","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Surgery](http://bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bsur/default.aspx","title":"BMC Surgery","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2d820a0e-3440-4ba0-ac55-57656cf6a28f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T06:08:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-19 08:04:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9278482","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9278482","identity":"rs-9278482","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}