Full slot labial - pretorqued Vs plain mandibular archwire with Forsus FRD appliance in Class II malocclusions -A clinical trial

Full slot labial - pretorqued Vs plain mandibular archwire with Forsus FRD appliance in Class II malocclusions -A clinical trial | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Full slot labial - pretorqued Vs plain mandibular archwire with Forsus FRD appliance in Class II malocclusions -A clinical trial Dr Sujala Ganapati Durgekar, Dr Pratyaksha Shetty, Dr Amit Rekhawat, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose The purpose of study was to evaluate the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes in patients treated with Forsus FRD (Fatigue Resistance Device) therapy with a full slot labial pretorqued mandibular archwire in Class II patients and compare it with the conventional Forsus therapy. Methods The total sample of 31 subjects were divided into three groups. G1 group with eleven (Forsus appliance therapy with eight- degrees labial pretorqued full slot 0.021′′ x 0.028′′ stainless steel archwire in mandible), G2 group with ten (Forsus appliance therapy with plain 0.021′′ x 0.025′′ stainless steel archwire in mandible) and GC group with ten (untreated control) were evaluated. The lateral cephalograms before placement of Forsus and six month or at end of Class II correction were analysed. Results The paired students t test revealed Class I molar relation, overjet and overbite correction were achieved in G1 and G2 subjects. There was no statistically significant difference in the lower incisor position in both the treatment groups. N to pt A and SNA values decreased in G1, while, Wits value decreased in G2. The Post Hoc test showed significant changes in incisors inclination, molar position, overjet between the treated groups and control group. Conclusion The full slot 0.021′′x 0.028′′ pretorqued archwire didn’t prevent tipping of the mandibular incisors, however, showed better distal positioning of pt A; and hence, can help reduce the maxillary prominence, buccal occlusion and overjet correction, thereby facilitating overall esthetics improvement. Class II Malocclusion Forsus FRD full slot labial pretorqued archwire Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction The Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FRD) is widely used Class II corrector. It is inserted in the headgear tube of the maxillary first molar tube and hooked on the archwire distal to the mandibular canine (Fig. 1 ) with fixed appliance [ 1 – 3 ]. The skeletal effects in the form of maxillary restriction and mandibular growth is seen in the patients when the treatment is carried out during the period of their active growth [ 5 , 6 ]. The labial tipping of the lower anterior teeth may limit the amount of Class II skeletal correction in young growing patients [ 3 ]. In post adolescent patients, the premature labial tipping of lower anterior teeth accounts for about 80% of the overall outcome [ 5 ], causes the early burning of the overjet and leaves no room for the complete buccal segment Class II correction. Additionally, the excessive proclination may lead to negative periodontal sequelae [ 7 ] and reduce the stability of the results. The miniplates [ 8 ] in the mandibular symphysis region in conjunction with Forsus FRD enhanced the skeletal outcome and eliminated the unfavourable mandibular incisor proclination. Owing to its limitations of invasiveness, the miniscrew [ 9 ] were recommended instead; however, it neither enhanced growth of the mandible nor prevented the proclination of incisors [ 10 ]. The lower incisor brackets with labial root torque, or use of an archwire of greater dimension with added negative torque in the mandibular anterior region [ 5 , 10 ] are some of recommended methods to reduce the labial tipping of incisors. In most of the clinical research studies [ 2 , 5 , 11 – 13 ] on Forsus therapy the 0.019′′ X 0.025′′ stainless steel archwire is used in 0.022 - inch slot brackets with − 6 degrees of torque in the lower anterior bracket. The play of a 0.019′′ X 0.025′′ stainless steel archwire in 0.022- inch slot is 10.5 degrees (Fig. 3 ). Hence the effective torque expressed is insufficient to create adequate labial root torque of lower anterior teeth to reinforce anchorage during Forsus therapy. The greater dimension rectangular steel archwire may reinforce the anchorage better than the lesser dimension archwire. The play of a 0.021′′ X 0.025′′ and 0.021′′ X 0.028′′ archwires in .022- inch slot are 2.3 degrees and 2 degrees respectively [ 14 ] (Fig. 3 ). The added labial root torque of eight degrees in the anterior segment of the 0.021′′x 0.028 ′′ stainless steel archwire will add up with the inbuilt − 6 torque of bracket; and provide sufficient anchorage to suffice the demand on the lower arch. However, there is no study till date on the use of a full slot labial torqued mandibular archwire with Forsus. Consequently, present study aimed to evaluate the changes brought about by the use of the full slot labial pretorqued mandibular archwire in conjunction with Forsus appliance therapy and compare the results with the cases treated with Forsus FRD using a plain rectangular stainless-steel working mandibular archwire. Material and Methods This clinical trial was carried out in two phases between the time period from 2019 to 2021. Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) granted the ethical approval (KIDS/IEC/02 -2021/28) for the study. The trial consisted of total of three study groups, two treatment groups namely, G1 and G2 and one control group GC. An a priori sample size analysis using G Power software (G-Power software v. 3.1.9.2) at 5% alpha error and 80% power of the study [ 15 ], estimated a minimum of 10 samples in each group to study the difference in mandibular incisor proclination [ 10 ], assuming a medium effect size of 0.6. The patients who fulfilled following criteria were randomly enrolled:1. pre-treatment occlusion of at least half or full cusp Class II molar relation 2. Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index- CVMI 5–6; 3. minimal crowding in the mandibular arch (< 2 mm), with IMPA < 105 degrees and good periodontal status; 4. the presence of fully erupted permanent teeth, with the exception of third molars. The patients with significantly proclined lower incisors before treatment were excluded from the clinical trial. The average age group of the subjects in the study were 16.6 years. The signed informed consent was obtained from the patients and the parents after explaining the orthodontic treatment procedure. Clinical setup The G1 group consisted of eleven subjects. The dental arches were bonded with the MBT 0.022-inch slot preadjusted appliance (3M Unitek Orthodontic Products, Monrovia, Calif). After leveling and alignment, 0.021′′ X 0.025 ′′ stainless steel archwires were placed for four weeks, followed by placement of a 0.021′′ × 0.028′′ eight degrees of labial pre-torqued mandibular archwire (TP orthodontics, Libral traders). The anchorage was reinforced with the maxillary transpalatal arch, the second molar-to-second molar laceback and the cinched rectangular archwires. The Forsus FRD (3M Unitek Corp, Monrovia, CA, USA) appliance (EZ clip or L-pin) was placed for six months or until Class II correction was achieved. The reactivation of the appliance was done by an addition of a crimp on the push rod during the follow-up visits whenever required. The patients were told to report immediately in case of the appliance breakage. The lateral cephalograms were taken just before placement of Forsus appliance (T0) and at the end of a Class II correction (T1). The G2 patients were subjected to the same treatment protocol as the G1 except that, they received a plain 0.021′′ X 0.025′′ stainless steel as final working archwire in both the arches. The Control group (GC) consisted of ten untreated Class II malocclusion subjects taken from the Bolton-Brush study and were matched with the treated groups for age, gender and craniofacial structure. The duration of the observation was 12 months (t1-t 0). The lateral cephalograms were obtained from the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection ( http://www.aaoflegacycollection.org ). Table 1 shows the pretreatment craniofacial characteristics of the three study groups Table 1 Pretreatment craniofacial characteristics of the study groups Variables G1 G2 GC P value Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD SNA (degrees) 85.73 3.90 83.50 5.72 82.30 3.02 .202 N perp to pt A(mm) 2.00 3.63 -0.10 4.31 -0.80 3.39 .438 SNB (degrees) 79.82 3.16 79.00 4.59 77.90 3.14 .498 Co-Gn mm 107.9 7.05 106.4 6.17 103.0 4.78 .192 ANB (degrees) 5.91 1.76 4.60 2.17 4.40 2.17 .196 Wits (mm) 4.64 2.54 3.30 2.63 2.60 2.37 .186 MPA (degrees) 21.45 5.28 22.60 4.79 21.80 5.43 .876 LFH (mm) 62.36 5.10 61.90 5.38 59.40 5.58 .414 IMPA. (degrees) 101.27 6.47 103.50 6.10 97.70 5.85 .123 p > 0.05: Non-significant; p < 0.05: significant, Cephalometric analysis The cephalograms were traced manually to the nearest of 0.5 mm and 0.5 degrees. They were assessed using the composite analysis [ 5 , 9 ]. The five pairs of radiographs were randomly selected and re-assessed by the same examiner to evaluate the method error. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. It revealed excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method used in the study. Statistical analysis The changes in the cephalometric parameters during the observation time frame were assessed by a paired student’s t-test. The differences between the groups was assessed with One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. The Statistical Package from Social Sciences version 22.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform the analysis. Table 2 Paired students t test analysis for comparison at the beginning and end of observation period within the G1, G2 and GC. G1 G2 GC Parameters To T1 T1-T0 Sig p value T0 T1 T1-T0 Sig p value t0 t1 t1-t 0 Sig p value Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD SNA (degrees) 85.73 3.90 84.36 3.56 -1.36 .031 * 83.50 5.72 84.50 4.63 1.00 .322 82.30 3.02 82.60 3.66 0.30 .604 N perp to pt A(mm) 2.00 3.63 0.91 3.86 -1.09 .010** -0.10 4.31 -0.20 4.10 -0.10 .840 -0.80 3.39 0.30 3.71 1.10 .339 SNB (degrees) 79.82 3.16 79.27 2.53 -0.55 .237 79.00 4.60 79.90 4.07 0.90 .171 77.90 3.14 78.10 3.21 0.20 .678 Co-Gn (mm) 107.91 7.05 106.82 7.47 -1.09 .358 106.40 6.17 106.60 5.84 0.20 .693 103.00 4.78 104.60 6.04 1.60 .037 * ANB (degrees) 5.91 1.76 5.09 2.70 -0.82 .233 4.60 2.17 4.60 2.59 0.00 1.00 4.40 2.17 4.40 1.78 0.00 1.000 Wits (mm) 4.64 2.54 2.64 2.62 -2.00 .062 3.30 2.63 0.70 1.70 -2.60 .003** 2.60 2.37 1.80 2.25 -0.80 .423 MPA (degrees) 21.46 5.28 21.45 4.78 0.00 1.00 22.60 4.79 22.10 4.70 -0.50 .244 21.80 5.43 21.80 4.98 0.00 1.000 LFH (mm) 62.36 5.10 62.46 5.41 0.09 .821 61.90 5.38 60.80 5.37 -1.10 .075 59.40 5.58 60.00 5.10 0.60 .279 N-Sn-Pg (degrees) 154.18 5.19 157.55 5.30 3.36 .030 * 155.10 6.67 158.10 8.57 3.00 .114 158.80 4.96 160.20 4.21 1.40 .506 U1 to SN (degrees) 114.36 6.22 110.00 4.27 -4.36 .004** 114.00 5.81 108.90 4.48 -5.10 .006** 102.70 9.13 103.30 9.24 0.60 .536 U1- ANS PNS (mm) 25.55 2.34 26.45 2.38 0.9 .085 26.6 3.41 26.6 2.84 0 1.00 25.3 2.50 25.1 2.88 -0.2 .443 U6-ANS PNS (mm) 21.73 2.65 21.18 2.48 -0.55 .294 18.50 3.72 16.50 3.84 -2.00 .140 20.2 1.87 20.5 3.41 0.3 .627 U6-ptm. (mm) 20.27 3.98 18.36 4.93 -1.91 .002** 22.1 3.54 21.5 3.21 -0.6 .017* 17.80 2.86 19.80 4.13 2.00 .079 IMPA (degrees) 101.27 6.47 108.45 5.77 7.18 .000*** 103.50 6.10 111.90 8.24 8.40 .000*** 97.70 5.85 99.60 7.52 1.90 .290 L1 to NB (mm) 7.36 1.75 9.00 2.49 1.64 .036 * 7.50 1.43 9.50 2.07 2.00 .000*** 5.10 2.28 4.90 2.47 -0.20 .443 L1 to NB (degrees) 28.09 6.75 35.82 6.27 7.73 .000*** 31.60 6.29 39.30 8.13 7.70 .003** 24.50 7.71 25.80 9.34 1.30 .508 L1 -GoMe(mm) 37.73 2.80 37.18 3.12 -0.55 .237 38 3.77 36.5 2.22 -1.5 .134 36.8 3.08 35.8 4.78 -1 .475 L6 -GoMe(mm) 30.36 2.77 31.82 3.54 1.46 .027 * 30.7 2.36 31.5 2.22 0.8 .335 28 2.31 28.7 1.70 0.7 .226 L6 to ptm (mm) 17.09 4.55 19.36 5.35 2.27 .021 * 15.80 4.02 18.50 4.40 2.70 .002** 15.80 3.16 17.80 4.13 2.00 .082 Overjet (mm) 6.01 1.64 1.27 1.19 -4.82 .000*** 6.80 1.14 1.60 0.97 -5.20 .000*** 4.70 2.00 4.80 1.48 0.10 .879 Overbite (mm) 2.00 0.63 0.91 0.70 -1.09 .001*** 2.70 0.48 1.40 0.70 -1.30 .002** 4.10 2.47 3.70 2.50 -0.40 .494 Molar relation(mm) 1.27 1.49 -1.64 1.21 -2.91 .000*** 1.2 1.62 -2.5 1.35 -3.7 .001*** 0.6 1.07 1.3 0.95 0.7 .025 * Nasolabial Angle (degrees) 104.00 7.86 105.18 9.66 1.18 .782 100.60 15.87 95.70 16.25 -4.90 .152 105.00 10.20 103.20 12.23 -1.80 .670 Upper lip to E line (mm) 0.46 2.02 -0.73 2.53 -1.18 .011** -0.50 1.78 -1.50 1.35 -1.00 .213 -2.50 2.32 -2.90 2.13 -0.40 .104 Lower lip to E line (mm) 2.18 2.89 2.36 2.80 0.18 .640 1.10 2.42 2.40 2.27 1.30 .064 -2.20 3.08 -2.40 3.34 -0.20 .591 *p < 0.05; significant **p < 0.01; highly significant ***p < 0.001; very highly significant Results The treatment outcome is depicted in Fig. 4 and Table 3 . Table 3 Comparison of outcome between G1, G2 and GC using ANOVA and Post Hoc test Parameters ANOVA Tukey’s Post Hoc test G1 & G2 G1 & GC G2 & GC F Sig Diff P Diff p Diff P SNA (degrees) 3.07 .063 -2.36 .023 -1.66 .103 0.70 .494 N perp to pt A(mm) 2.50 .100 -0.99 .320 -2.19 .033* -1.20 .241 SNB (degrees) 2.10 .142 -1.45 .050 -0.75 .300 0.70 .341 Co-Gn mm 2.64 .089 -1.29 .279 -2.69 .029* -1.40 .252 ANB degrees .63 .540 -0.82 .343 -0.82 .343 0.00 1.000 Wits mm 1.08 .353 0.60 .626 -1.20 .333 -1.80 .160 MPA (degrees) .08 .927 0.50 .735 0.00 1.00 -0.50 .740 LFH 3.14 .059 1.19 .092 -0.51 .462 -1.70 .021* N-Sn-Pg (degrees) .38 .688 0.36 .879 1.96 .415 1.60 .516 U1 to SN (degrees) 6.51 .005** 0.74 .666 -4.96 .007** -5.70 .003** U1- ANS PNS (mm) .95 .399 -0.15 .992 1.36 .493 1.50 .439 U6-ANS PNS (mm) .28 .755 -0.32 .969 0.68 .865 1.00 .745 U6-ptm. (mm) 9.45 .001*** 0.09 .931 -3.91 .001*** -4.00 .001*** IMPA (degrees) 5.46 .010** -1.22 .557 5.28 .016* 6.50 .004** L1 to NB mm 5.94 .007** -0.36 .592 1.84 .011** 2.20 .003** L1 to NB degrees 4.73 .017* 0.03 .991 6.43 .011** 6.40 .013** L1 -GoMe(mm) .40 .672 0.68 .898 1.38 .646 0.70 .897 L6 -GoMe(mm) 4.29 .024 0.32 .959 3.12 .063 -2.80 .063 L6 to ptm (mm) .17 .845 -0.43 .721 0.27 .820 0.70 .569 Overjet (mm) 23.34 .000*** 0.38 .657 -4.92 .000*** -5.30 .000*** Overbite(mm) 1.44 .254 0.21 .704 -0.69 .215 -0.90 .117 Molar relation(mm) 28.55 .000 0.86 .234 -2.94 .0000 3.80 .000*** Nasolabial Angle (degrees) .63 .539 6.08 .270 2.98 .586 -3.10 .580 Upper lip to E line (mm) .69 .510 -0.18 .794 -0.78 .267 -0.60 .403 Lower lip to E line (mm) 2.79 .079 -1.12 .095 0.38 .560 1.50 .031* *p < 0.05; significant **p < 0.01; highly significant ***p < 0.001; very highly significant With reference to the linear measurements; the negative sign shows distal, backward, or intrusive movement whereas, the positive sign shows forward, mesial, or extrusive movement. The positive value for angular measurement indicates that the measurement became more obtuse with the treatment. The positive value of a molar relation indicates distal Class II relation and the negative value indicates a Class I relation. The molar relation (G1: -2.91mm ; G2: -3.7 mm) and overjet (G1: − 4.18 mm ; G2: -5.20 mm) improved significantly in both the treated groups (Table 3 ). GC showed the increase in CoGn and molar relation. The difference between the changes in all the parameters among the two treatment groups were statistically insignificant (G1 & G2 :Table 3 ). The Post Hoc test showed significant changes in incisors inclination, molar position, overjet between the treated groups and control group ( G1 & GC, G2 & GC : Table 3 ). Discussion The statistically significant decrease of the SNA and N perp to pt A in G1 depicts the headgear effect on maxilla [ 2 , 5 , 9 – 10 , 16 – 17 ] and also indicates distal positioning of point A due to retraction of incisors and distalization of maxillary arch. Whereas, the statistically significant decrease in the Wits in G2 can be attributed to decreased mandibular plane angle, though statistically insignificant (MPA = 0.5 degrees, p = .24; Table 2 ) which led to the relative forward shift of the point B and a favourable improvement of Wits. The G1 subjects showed distal positioning of point A position and hence the favourable effect on the maxillary arch unlike G2 which showed relative improvement in skeletal disharmony [ 13 ]. The placement of a full slot pretorqued archwire in the lower arch in G1 created an additional counterclockwise moment on the lower incisors (Fig. 5 a). The eight degrees pretorqued labial root torque in the archwire in addition to − 6 degrees of inbuilt labial torque in brackets created a net of 14 degrees of labial root torque on mandibular anterior tooth (Fig. 5 b). As there is an anatomical limit in the symphysis region, the torqueing of roots stopped after a certain extent. The cinched full slot negative torqued archwire in the mandibular arch enabled the transmission of the mesializing force of Forsus from the mandibular to the maxillary arch and brought about distal movement of the point A by 1.2 mm. Whereas, the plain mandibular archwire in the G2 created additional 1.22 degrees (IMPA ) of forward tipping of mandibular incisors (Table 5). The control group had one year of observation period and the subjects exhibited increase in the mandibular length due to the inherent incremental growth. Although all the subjects were in CVMI 5–6 maturation stage, the GC had much younger individuals than compared to G1 and G2 subjects. Hence, unchanged mandibular length in the treated groups was because the patients had minimal or negligent residual growth remaining and the six months of observation period was insufficient for the mandibular growth to express, if any [ 2 , 5 , 10 , 17 ]. The mandibular molars extruded and mesialized whereas, the maxillary molars intruded and distalized hence, insignificant change in the lower facial height and mandibular plane angle in the treated groups. The subjects in the postpeak growth period (CVMI 5–6) showed insignificant change in the facial height [ 18 , 19 ]. In contrary, subjects in circumpubertal phase [ 20 ] of the skeletal development (CVMI 2–4) showed enhanced condylar growth in the vertical direction, a new mandibular position and increased lower facial height [ 21 , 22 ] . The improvement in N to ptA perpendicular and the retrusion of maxillary incisors by 4.23 0 ( U1-SN) brought about the retrusion of upper lip (upper lip -E line) in G1 [ 2 , 10 , 17 , 22 ]. The lower lip position remained unchanged [ 17 , 22 ]. Few studies reported the significant protrusion of the lower lip with the Forsus FRD appliance [ 4 , 20 ]. One of the factors which determine the lower lip position is the mandibular position. The treated groups did not show the mandibular growth hence, the lower lip position remained unchanged in the present study. The interaction of a twisted wire in the bracket slot causes the torque expression. The undersized archwire lacks the cohesive contact with the slot due to some degree of play [ 23 ]. The variations in the dimension due to manufacturing defect increases the play up to three times [ 24 ]. The torque expression can be achieved completely by the use of an archwire that completely fills the slot, substantiating the torsional play. The 0.022′′ slot bracket is actually 0.0235′′ which will have an additional five degrees of bracket-wire slop. Considering this additional bracket wire slop, the inbuilt six degrees of labial root torque in the lower anterior tooth MBT bracket is not sufficient enough to negate the labial tipping of the lower anterior teeth. Hence, adding labial root torque in the 0.021′′ X 0.028′′archwire would help to control the tipping of the lower anterior teeth. The additional labial torque of mandibular anterior teeth during the Forsus treatment was anticipated to substantially reduce the tendency of lower incisor tipping in the G1 subjects. Nevertheless, both the treated groups (G1 and G2) showed mandibular proclination with statistically insignificant difference between them (Table 3 ). This indicates that the additional labial torqued full slot mandibular archwire didn’t prevent the proclination of mandibular anterior teeth, while maintained the lower anterior more upright than compared to G2 (IMPA : 1.22 degrees more proclination in G2 than G1), and hence prevented early burnout of overjet and facilitated buccal occlusion correction. Additionally, it favoured distal positioning of pt. A by 0.99 mm in G1 group than compared to G2 group with plain 0.021′′ X 0.025′′ archwire; and can be used in Class II malocclusion patients with maxillary excess component to bring better esthetics improvement. There are various methods proposed in literature with the Class II correctors in order to prevent anchorage loss in lower arch and reduce the proclination of the lower incisors such as lingual arch, mini plates and mini-implants. A superimposition cephalometric study on the efficiency of Herbst appliance with different types of lingual arch anchorage namely, mandibular banded premolar anchorage, mandibular banded premolar - molar anchorage and cast splint; showed that mandibular anchorage loss is inevitable with any of these forms of anchorage method [ 25 ]. The use of miniplate with Forsus exhibited retroclination of lower anterior teeth. Turkkahraman et al reported 2.86 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group, in contrast to 13.4 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniplate group when Forsus is placed on 0.016′′ X 0.025′′ stainless base archwire [ 22 ]. Celikoglu et al reported 4.09 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group in contrast to 7.5 degrees of proclination in Herbst group [ 1 ]. Elkordy et al reported 1.49 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group in contrast to 9.18 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniplate group when placed on 0.019′′ X 0.025′′ base archwire [ 26 ]. The skeletal anchorage system used with Forsus in younger subjects aided increase in effective mandibular length in addition to control of lower anterior teeth proclination. The less invasive option, the indirect anchorage with a miniscrew placed distal to lower canine showed the lower anterior proclination of 3.61 degrees in contrast to 9.3 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniscrew group [ 20 ]. Additionally, in another research it shows 5.26 degrees of proclination in miniscrew group in contrast to 9.05 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniscrew [ 9 ]. The studies on Herbst appliance with miniscrew showed significant reduction in the degrees of proclination of incisors than compared to without miniscrew [ 27 ]. However, latest report on miniscrew reinforced Forsus by Eissa et al [ 10 ] concluded insignificant difference between Forsus with miniscrew and without miniscrew with proclination of 6 degrees and 4.7 degrees respectively. All the above mentioned studies were carried on the subjects during active growth (12–13 years) and Forsus appliance was placed on the base archwire of 0.019′′ X 0.025′′stainless steel archwire. However, the subjects in our study were post adolescent with 16–17 age range, and there was less probability of growth changes. There are very few studies in literature with comparable age group, which showed 10.69 degrees of lower anterior proclination when Forsus was placed on 0.021′′X 0.025′′ stainless steel base archwire [ 4 ] and only 13% of overall changes contributed to the skeletal effects [ 6 ]. In present study, Group 1 with 0.021′′ X 0.028′′ pre torqued archwire showed relatively less proclination, 7.18 degrees, which can aid in better buccal Class II correction in post adolescent patients by preventing early overjet correction and indirectly enhance maxillary point A distalization, overall contributing correction of Class II malocclusion. The limitations of the present trial is relatively short study time frame of observation and the difference in the observation period [ 6 ] for treated and control group. Although the control group had an observation period longer than treated groups, only the mandibular length and the molar relation changed significantly in GC group. The positive value of a molar relation in GC (0.7mm, Table 2 ) at the end of observation period indicated distal Class II buccal relation; in contrary to negative values in treated groups. Hence, the improvement in the molar relation in G1 (− 2.91mm) and G2 ( -3.7mm ) supports the known fact that Forsus appliance corrects Class II malocclusion, unlike untreated control subjects wherein Class II relation have further increased with time. The time duration for the correction was similar in both G1 ( 5.9 months) and G2 subjects (6 months), with no added complications in the G1 subjects. Four patients experienced some discomfort with pretorqued wire placed in lower arch, which persisted for no longer then a day and was managed without any medication. The cooperation and satisfaction level of the patients in both treatment groups were good. We would have made it possible to have the control subjects from the same institute setup where the study was carried out to match up with the treated group’s observation period. Nevertheless, this would have led to the untreated Class II patients and caused an ethical dilemma. There was no statistically and clinically significant difference between the Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022′′ × 0. 028′′ labial pretorqued wire or with plain 0.021′′x 0.025′′ stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch. The control of mandibular anterior teeth and distal positioning of point A were better with labial pretorqued full slot 0.021′′x 0.028′′ than compared to plain stainless steel archwire, though insignificant. Hence, we recommend future studies incorporating a larger sample size in younger subjects and a longer follow-up period to evaluate the effects of the labial pretorqued full slot archwire on the arches and jaws when used with the Forsus FRD therapy in mandibular arch. Conclusion Based on the results of this clinical trial, following are the conclusions drawn: The Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022′′ × 0. 028′′ labial pretorqued stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch showed favourable improvement in treatment of Class II malocclusion. There was no statistically and clinically significant difference between the Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022′′ × 0. 028′′ labial pretorqued wire or with plain 0.021′′x 0.025′′ stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch. The former showed better distal positioning of pt A, hence has added benefit to reduce the maxillary prominence. Declarations Acknowledgements : We would like to acknowledge Dr Ankit, MDS Public health dentistry, for rendering us help with the statistical analysis of the study. Funding : The study is self - funded. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest / competing interests. Ethics approval : Ethical clearance was issued by the institute where the study was conducted. Consent to participate : Not applicable Consent for publication : Not applicable Availability of data and material : All data is available whenever asked Code availability (software application or custom code): Manual cephalogram tracing was done in the study References Celikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Ekizer A, Unal T (2016) Treatment effects of skeletally anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: A retrospective clinical study. Angle Orthod 86:306–314 Franchi L, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, Masucci C, Defraia E, Baccetti T (2011) Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in Class II patients. Angle Orthod 81:678–683 Linjawi AI, Abbassy MA (2018) Dentoskeletal effects of the Forsus™ fatigue resistance device in the treatment of class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta- analysis. J Orthod Sci 5:7 Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Uribe F, Nanda R (2012) Mini- implants vs fixed functional appliances for treatment of young adult Class II female patients. Angle Orthod 82:294–303 Cacciatore G, Alvetro L, Franchi L (2014) Active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device during comprehensive Class II correction in growing patients. Korean J Orthod 44:136–142 George AS, Durgekar SG (2021) Skeletal and dentoalveolar contributions during Class II correction with Forsus™ FRD appliances. J Orofac Orthop Renkema AM, Navratilova Z, Mazurova K, Katsaros C, Fudalej PS (2014) Gingival labial recessions and the post- treatment proclination of mandibular incisors. Eur J Orthod 1–6 Unal T, Celikoglu M, Candirli C (2015) Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis: a new approach for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 85:413–419 Elkordy SA, Abouelezz AM, Fayed MMS, Attia KH (2016) Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 86:292–230 Eissa O, El-Shennawy M, Gaballah S, El-Meehy G, El Bialy T (2017) Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 87:824–833 Arora V, Sharma R, Chowdhary S (2018) Comparative evaluation of treatment effects between two fixed functional appliances for correction of Class II malocclusion: A single-center, randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 88:259–266 Cacciatore G, Ghislanzoni LT, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, Franchi L (2014) Treatment and posttreatment effects induced by the Forsus appliance: A controlled clinical study. Angle Orthod 84:1010–1017 Heinrichs DA, Shammaa I, Martin C, Razmus T, Gunel E, Ngan P (2014) Treatment effects of a fixed intermaxillary device to correct class II malocclusions in growing patients. Prog Orthod 15:45 McLaughlin RP, Bennett JC, Trevisi HJ (2001) Systemized orthodontic treatment mechanics. Mosby Int Ltd 32–35 Sullivan GM, Feinn R (2012) Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. J Grad Med Educ 4:279–282 Giuntini V, Vangelisti A, Masucci C, Defraia E, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L (2015) Treatment effects produced by the Twin- block appliance vs the Forsus fatigue resistant device in growing Class II patients. Angle Orthod 85:784–789 Oztoprak MO, Nalbantgil D, Uyanlar A, Arun T (2012) A cephalometric comparative study of Class II correction with Sabbagh universal spring (SUS(2)) and Forsus FRD appliances. Eur J Dent 6:302–310 Covell DA Jr, Trammell DW, Boero RP, West R (1999) A cephalometric study of Class II Division 1 malocclusions treated with the Jasper Jumper appliance. Angle Orthod 69:311–320 McNamara JA Jr (1981) Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8 – 10 years of age. Angle Orthod 51:177–202 Aslan BI, Kucukkaraca E, Turkoz C, Dincer M (2014) Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod 84:76–87 Karacay S, Akin E, Olmez H, Gurton AU, Sagdic D (2006) Forsus nitinol flat spring and Jasper Jumper corrections of Class II Division 1 malocclusions. Angle Orthod 76:666–672 Turkkahraman H, Eliacik SK, Findik Y (2016) Effects of miniplate anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 86:1026–1032 Joch A, Pichelmayer M, Weiland F (2010) Bracket slot and archwire dimensions: Manufacturing precision and third order clearance. J Orthod 37:241–249 Archambault A, Lacoursiere R, Badawi H, Major PW, Carey J, Flores-Mir C (2010) Torque expression in stainless steel orthodontic brackets: A systematic review. Angle Orthod 80:201–210 Weschler D, Pancherz H (2005) Efficiency of three mandibular anchorage forms in Herbst treatment: a cephalometric investigation. Angle Orthod 75:23–27 Elkordy SA, Abouelezz AM, Fayed MMS (2019) Evaluation of the miniplate-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device in skeletal Class II growing subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 89:391–403 Manni A, Migliorati M, Calzolari C, Silvestrini-Biavati A (2019) Herbst appliance anchored to miniscrews in the upper and lower arches vs standard Herbst: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 156:617–625 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6241566","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":433416326,"identity":"55371efc-97b7-4100-bf9c-0d71851e8723","order_by":0,"name":"Dr Sujala Ganapati Durgekar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHCCBIYHDDY8bPzNBxgYG4jVksCQJscvcSyBaC0gTYeNJRtyDIjTIj8j4eGHhBrmxA0HznyT+LnDRo6B/fDRDfi0GNxISJZIOMaWuOFw7zbJ3jNpxgw8aWk38GqRSEiQSGDjAdpydpsEb9vhxAYJHjO8WoAOS/6R8E8CqCXnmeRfYrQw3EhIk0hsMwB5n02aKFsMzjxIs0jsSwAFsrG1bFuaMRshv8i35yTf+PDtPygqH95822Yjx89++Bh+hzHwJMBYLBIgkg2/chBgPwBjMX8grHoUjIJRMApGIgAAuVlQ4JJS4OAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"Dr","firstName":"Sujala","middleName":"Ganapati","lastName":"Durgekar","suffix":""},{"id":433416329,"identity":"76edf951-6d2d-4214-8118-21886f78423f","order_by":1,"name":"Dr Pratyaksha Shetty","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr","firstName":"Pratyaksha","middleName":"","lastName":"Shetty","suffix":""},{"id":433416331,"identity":"395e9d00-47a8-481e-badf-200b79d8b534","order_by":2,"name":"Dr Amit Rekhawat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr","firstName":"Amit","middleName":"","lastName":"Rekhawat","suffix":""},{"id":433416336,"identity":"92aa5ea7-bbd9-420f-9049-f9ca30b30ed6","order_by":3,"name":"Dr Anup Belludi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr","firstName":"Anup","middleName":"","lastName":"Belludi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-17 06:38:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79830046,"identity":"5fcabfdd-cc3d-4811-b870-ba8ae2cc4035","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:22:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":24982,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIntraoral picture showing Forsus appliance in place.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/32abe638dd97e895fcc270c4.jpeg"},{"id":79830049,"identity":"2da26bd4-59c4-480e-bf71-a8ccb567a2e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:22:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45613,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eForce system involved in appliance therapy. F= Net force, V = vertical component , H= horizontal component , MU= moment created in upper arch, ML = moment created in lower arch\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/88d7049b914eebf3867fed7d.jpeg"},{"id":79830055,"identity":"5e1de70e-404c-435a-97a3-85c9601b15ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:22:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":54753,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExpression of torque in a 0.022 slot bracket with, a) 0.019′′ x 0.025′′ archwire , b) 0.0 21′′ x 0.025′′ archwire , c) 0.021′′ x 0.0 28′′ archwire\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/2736db2b5a33b77c53689124.jpeg"},{"id":79830051,"identity":"ba5c3658-f4d9-4a8d-8b73-37321184d07a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:22:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":191309,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe significant treatment outcome in a) G1group b) G2 group\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/445a0cac4bee1a823d889e14.jpeg"},{"id":79831033,"identity":"cbd22c64-8a15-42fc-a7e2-2503fcfaab48","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:30:04","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":119735,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ea) Force system involved in G1 patients. F= Net force, V = vertical component , H= horizontal component , MU = moment created in upper arch, ML = moment created in lower arch, M= moment created on the lower anterior by the pretorqued wire ; b) The moments created in the lower anterior bracket\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/51a9ab523c1fcfae81c5f3e0.png"},{"id":79832195,"identity":"691dfd00-c472-47ae-a373-b21805bf517b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:46:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1361674,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6241566/v1/6a32d591-f715-401d-a70a-0d7a77b8af93.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFull slot labial - pretorqued Vs plain mandibular archwire with Forsus FRD appliance in Class II malocclusions -A clinical trial\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FRD) is widely used Class II corrector. It is inserted in the headgear tube of the maxillary first molar tube and hooked on the archwire distal to the mandibular canine (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) with fixed appliance [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe skeletal effects in the form of maxillary restriction and mandibular growth is seen in the patients when the treatment is carried out during the period of their active growth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The labial tipping of the lower anterior teeth may limit the amount of Class II skeletal correction in young growing patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. In post adolescent patients, the premature labial tipping of lower anterior teeth accounts for about 80% of the overall outcome [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], causes the early burning of the overjet and leaves no room for the complete buccal segment Class II correction. Additionally, the excessive proclination may lead to negative periodontal sequelae [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e] and reduce the stability of the results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe miniplates [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] in the mandibular symphysis region in conjunction with Forsus FRD enhanced the skeletal outcome and eliminated the unfavourable mandibular incisor proclination. Owing to its limitations of invasiveness, the miniscrew [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] were recommended instead; however, it neither enhanced growth of the mandible nor prevented the proclination of incisors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. The lower incisor brackets with labial root torque, or use of an archwire of greater dimension with added negative torque in the mandibular anterior region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] are some of recommended methods to reduce the labial tipping of incisors. In most of the clinical research studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] on Forsus therapy the 0.019\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire is used in 0.022 - inch slot brackets with \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6 degrees of torque in the lower anterior bracket. The play of a 0.019\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire in 0.022- inch slot is 10.5 degrees (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHence the effective torque expressed is insufficient to create adequate labial root torque of lower anterior teeth to reinforce anchorage during Forsus therapy. The greater dimension rectangular steel archwire may reinforce the anchorage better than the lesser dimension archwire. The play of a 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; and 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; archwires in .022- inch slot are 2.3 degrees and 2 degrees respectively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The added labial root torque of eight degrees in the anterior segment of the 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;x 0.028 \u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire will add up with the inbuilt \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6 torque of bracket; and provide sufficient anchorage to suffice the demand on the lower arch. However, there is no study till date on the use of a full slot labial torqued mandibular archwire with Forsus. Consequently, present study aimed to evaluate the changes brought about by the use of the full slot labial pretorqued mandibular archwire in conjunction with Forsus appliance therapy and compare the results with the cases treated with Forsus FRD using a plain rectangular stainless-steel working mandibular archwire.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis clinical trial was carried out in two phases between the time period from 2019 to 2021. Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) granted the ethical approval (KIDS/IEC/02 -2021/28) for the study. The trial consisted of total of three study groups, two treatment groups namely, G1 and G2 and one control group GC. An a priori sample size analysis using G Power software (G-Power software v. 3.1.9.2) at 5% alpha error and 80% power of the study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], estimated a minimum of 10 samples in each group to study the difference in mandibular incisor proclination [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], assuming a medium effect size of 0.6.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe patients who fulfilled following criteria were randomly enrolled:1. pre-treatment occlusion of at least half or full cusp Class II molar relation 2. Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index- CVMI 5\u0026ndash;6; 3. minimal crowding in the mandibular arch (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 mm), with IMPA\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;105 degrees and good periodontal status; 4. the presence of fully erupted permanent teeth, with the exception of third molars. The patients with significantly proclined lower incisors before treatment were excluded from the clinical trial. The average age group of the subjects in the study were 16.6 years. The signed informed consent was obtained from the patients and the parents after explaining the orthodontic treatment procedure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical setup\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe G1 group consisted of eleven subjects. The dental arches were bonded with the MBT 0.022-inch slot preadjusted appliance (3M Unitek Orthodontic Products, Monrovia, Calif). After leveling and alignment, 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025 \u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwires were placed for four weeks, followed by placement of a 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; \u0026times; 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; eight degrees of labial pre-torqued mandibular archwire (TP orthodontics, Libral traders). The anchorage was reinforced with the maxillary transpalatal arch, the second molar-to-second molar laceback and the cinched rectangular archwires. The Forsus FRD (3M Unitek Corp, Monrovia, CA, USA) appliance (EZ clip or L-pin) was placed for six months or until Class II correction was achieved. The reactivation of the appliance was done by an addition of a crimp on the push rod during the follow-up visits whenever required. The patients were told to report immediately in case of the appliance breakage. The lateral cephalograms were taken just before placement of Forsus appliance (T0) and at the end of a Class II correction (T1). The G2 patients were subjected to the same treatment protocol as the G1 except that, they received a plain 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel as final working archwire in both the arches.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Control group (GC) consisted of ten untreated Class II malocclusion subjects taken from the Bolton-Brush study and were matched with the treated groups for age, gender and craniofacial structure. The duration of the observation was 12 months (t1-t 0). The lateral cephalograms were obtained from the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.aaoflegacycollection.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.aaoflegacycollection.org\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the pretreatment craniofacial characteristics of the three study groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePretreatment craniofacial characteristics of the study groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN perp to pt A(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.498\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCo-Gn mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.196\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWits (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.876\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLFH (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIMPA. (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05: Non-significant; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05: significant,\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCephalometric analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cephalograms were traced manually to the nearest of 0.5 mm and 0.5 degrees. They were assessed using the composite analysis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The five pairs of radiographs were randomly selected and re-assessed by the same examiner to evaluate the method error. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. It revealed excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method used in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe changes in the cephalometric parameters during the observation time frame were assessed by a paired student\u0026rsquo;s t-test. The differences between the groups was assessed with One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. The Statistical Package from Social Sciences version 22.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform the analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaired students t test analysis for comparison at the beginning and end of observation period within the G1, G2 and GC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eG1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eG2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1-T0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1-T0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig p value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et1-t 0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSNA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.031 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.604\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN perp to pt A(mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.010**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.840\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.339\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSNB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.678\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-Gn (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.693\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.037 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWits (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.003**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMPA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLFH (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.821\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.279\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN-Sn-Pg (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.030 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eU1 to SN (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.006**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.536\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eU1- ANS PNS (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eU6-ANS PNS (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eU6-ptm. (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.017*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIMPA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL1 to NB (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.036 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL1 to NB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.003**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.508\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL1 -GoMe(mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL6 -GoMe(mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.027 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.335\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL6 to ptm (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.021 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverjet (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.879\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverbite (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.494\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMolar relation(mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.025 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNasolabial Angle (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.782\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.670\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper lip to E line (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.011**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower lip to E line (mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.640\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"19\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; significant\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"19\"\u003e**p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; highly significant\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"19\"\u003e***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; very highly significant\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe treatment outcome is depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of outcome between G1, G2 and GC using ANOVA and Post Hoc test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTukey\u0026rsquo;s Post Hoc test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG1 \u0026amp; G2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG1 \u0026amp; GC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eG2 \u0026amp; GC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN perp to pt A(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.033*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNB (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCo-Gn mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.089\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.029*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANB degrees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.540\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWits mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.353\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.626\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.927\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.740\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLFH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.092\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.462\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.021*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN-Sn-Pg (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.688\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.879\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.415\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.516\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eU1 to SN (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.005**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.666\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.007**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eU1- ANS PNS (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.992\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eU6-ANS PNS (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.755\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.745\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eU6-ptm. (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.001***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIMPA (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.010**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.557\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.016*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.004**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL1 to NB mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.007**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.011**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.003**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL1 to NB degrees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.017*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.011**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.013**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL1 -GoMe(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.672\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.898\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL6 -GoMe(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.959\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL6 to ptm (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.845\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.721\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.820\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.569\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverjet (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.657\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverbite(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.254\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.215\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolar relation(mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.0000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.000***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasolabial Angle (degrees)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.586\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper lip to E line (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.510\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.794\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.403\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower lip to E line (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.560\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.031*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; significant\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e**p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; highly significant\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; very highly significant\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith reference to the linear measurements; the negative sign shows distal, backward, or intrusive movement whereas, the positive sign shows forward, mesial, or extrusive movement. The positive value for angular measurement indicates that the measurement became more obtuse with the treatment. The positive value of a molar relation indicates distal Class II relation and the negative value indicates a Class I relation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe molar relation (G1: -2.91mm ; G2: -3.7 mm) and overjet (G1: \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4.18 mm ; G2: -5.20 mm) improved significantly in both the treated groups (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). GC showed the increase in CoGn and molar relation. The difference between the changes in all the parameters among the two treatment groups were statistically insignificant (G1 \u0026amp; G2 :Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The Post Hoc test showed significant changes in incisors inclination, molar position, overjet between the treated groups and control group ( G1 \u0026amp; GC, G2 \u0026amp; GC : Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe statistically significant decrease of the SNA and N perp to pt A in G1 depicts the headgear effect on maxilla [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] and also indicates distal positioning of point A due to retraction of incisors and distalization of maxillary arch. Whereas, the statistically significant decrease in the Wits in G2 can be attributed to decreased mandibular plane angle, though statistically insignificant (MPA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5 degrees, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.24; Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) which led to the relative forward shift of the point B and a favourable improvement of Wits. The G1 subjects showed distal positioning of point A position and hence the favourable effect on the maxillary arch unlike G2 which showed relative improvement in skeletal disharmony [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. The placement of a full slot pretorqued archwire in the lower arch in G1 created an additional counterclockwise moment on the lower incisors (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ea).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe eight degrees pretorqued labial root torque in the archwire in addition to \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6 degrees of inbuilt labial torque in brackets created a net of 14 degrees of labial root torque on mandibular anterior tooth (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eb).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs there is an anatomical limit in the symphysis region, the torqueing of roots stopped after a certain extent. The cinched full slot negative torqued archwire in the mandibular arch enabled the transmission of the mesializing force of Forsus from the mandibular to the maxillary arch and brought about distal movement of the point A by 1.2 mm. Whereas, the plain mandibular archwire in the G2 created additional 1.22 degrees (IMPA ) of forward tipping of mandibular incisors (Table\u0026nbsp;5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe control group had one year of observation period and the subjects exhibited increase in the mandibular length due to the inherent incremental growth. Although all the subjects were in CVMI 5\u0026ndash;6 maturation stage, the GC had much younger individuals than compared to G1 and G2 subjects. Hence, unchanged mandibular length in the treated groups was because the patients had minimal or negligent residual growth remaining and the six months of observation period was insufficient for the mandibular growth to express, if any [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. The mandibular molars extruded and mesialized whereas, the maxillary molars intruded and distalized hence, insignificant change in the lower facial height and mandibular plane angle in the treated groups. The subjects in the postpeak growth period (CVMI 5\u0026ndash;6) showed insignificant change in the facial height [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrary, subjects in circumpubertal phase [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] of the skeletal development (CVMI 2\u0026ndash;4) showed enhanced condylar growth in the vertical direction, a new mandibular position and increased lower facial height [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e] .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe improvement in N to ptA perpendicular and the retrusion of maxillary incisors by 4.23 \u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e ( U1-SN) brought about the retrusion of upper lip (upper lip -E line) in G1 [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. The lower lip position remained unchanged [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Few studies reported the significant protrusion of the lower lip with the Forsus FRD appliance [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. One of the factors which determine the lower lip position is the mandibular position. The treated groups did not show the mandibular growth hence, the lower lip position remained unchanged in the present study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe interaction of a twisted wire in the bracket slot causes the torque expression. The undersized archwire lacks the cohesive contact with the slot due to some degree of play [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. The variations in the dimension due to manufacturing defect increases the play up to three times [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. The torque expression can be achieved completely by the use of an archwire that completely fills the slot, substantiating the torsional play. The 0.022\u0026prime;\u0026prime; slot bracket is actually 0.0235\u0026prime;\u0026prime; which will have an additional five degrees of bracket-wire slop. Considering this additional bracket wire slop, the inbuilt six degrees of labial root torque in the lower anterior tooth MBT bracket is not sufficient enough to negate the labial tipping of the lower anterior teeth. Hence, adding labial root torque in the 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime;archwire would help to control the tipping of the lower anterior teeth. The additional labial torque of mandibular anterior teeth during the Forsus treatment was anticipated to substantially reduce the tendency of lower incisor tipping in the G1 subjects. Nevertheless, both the treated groups (G1 and G2) showed mandibular proclination with statistically insignificant difference between them (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). This indicates that the additional labial torqued full slot mandibular archwire didn\u0026rsquo;t prevent the proclination of mandibular anterior teeth, while maintained the lower anterior more upright than compared to G2 (IMPA : 1.22 degrees more proclination in G2 than G1), and hence prevented early burnout of overjet and facilitated buccal occlusion correction. Additionally, it favoured distal positioning of pt. A by 0.99 mm in G1 group than compared to G2 group with plain 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; archwire; and can be used in Class II malocclusion patients with maxillary excess component to bring better esthetics improvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are various methods proposed in literature with the Class II correctors in order to prevent anchorage loss in lower arch and reduce the proclination of the lower incisors such as lingual arch, mini plates and mini-implants. A superimposition cephalometric study on the efficiency of Herbst appliance with different types of lingual arch anchorage namely, mandibular banded premolar anchorage, mandibular banded premolar - molar anchorage and cast splint; showed that mandibular anchorage loss is inevitable with any of these forms of anchorage method [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. The use of miniplate with Forsus exhibited retroclination of lower anterior teeth. Turkkahraman et al reported 2.86 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group, in contrast to 13.4 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniplate group when Forsus is placed on 0.016\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless base archwire [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Celikoglu et al reported 4.09 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group in contrast to 7.5 degrees of proclination in Herbst group [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Elkordy et al reported 1.49 degrees of retroclination of lower anterior teeth in Forsus with miniplate group in contrast to 9.18 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniplate group when placed on 0.019\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; base archwire [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. The skeletal anchorage system used with Forsus in younger subjects aided increase in effective mandibular length in addition to control of lower anterior teeth proclination. The less invasive option, the indirect anchorage with a miniscrew placed distal to lower canine showed the lower anterior proclination of 3.61 degrees in contrast to 9.3 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniscrew group [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, in another research it shows 5.26 degrees of proclination in miniscrew group in contrast to 9.05 degrees of proclination in Forsus without miniscrew [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The studies on Herbst appliance with miniscrew showed significant reduction in the degrees of proclination of incisors than compared to without miniscrew [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. However, latest report on miniscrew reinforced Forsus by Eissa et al [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] concluded insignificant difference between Forsus with miniscrew and without miniscrew with proclination of 6 degrees and 4.7 degrees respectively. All the above mentioned studies were carried on the subjects during active growth (12\u0026ndash;13 years) and Forsus appliance was placed on the base archwire of 0.019\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime;stainless steel archwire. However, the subjects in our study were post adolescent with 16\u0026ndash;17 age range, and there was less probability of growth changes. There are very few studies in literature with comparable age group, which showed 10.69 degrees of lower anterior proclination when Forsus was placed on 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;X 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel base archwire [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e] and only 13% of overall changes contributed to the skeletal effects [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. In present study, Group 1 with 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; X 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; pre torqued archwire showed relatively less proclination, 7.18 degrees, which can aid in better buccal Class II correction in post adolescent patients by preventing early overjet correction and indirectly enhance maxillary point A distalization, overall contributing correction of Class II malocclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe limitations of the present trial is relatively short study time frame of observation and the difference in the observation period [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] for treated and control group. Although the control group had an observation period longer than treated groups, only the mandibular length and the molar relation changed significantly in GC group. The positive value of a molar relation in GC (0.7mm, Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) at the end of observation period indicated distal Class II buccal relation; in contrary to negative values in treated groups. Hence, the improvement in the molar relation in G1 (\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.91mm) and G2 ( -3.7mm ) supports the known fact that Forsus appliance corrects Class II malocclusion, unlike untreated control subjects wherein Class II relation have further increased with time. The time duration for the correction was similar in both G1 ( 5.9 months) and G2 subjects (6 months), with no added complications in the G1 subjects. Four patients experienced some discomfort with pretorqued wire placed in lower arch, which persisted for no longer then a day and was managed without any medication. The cooperation and satisfaction level of the patients in both treatment groups were good. We would have made it possible to have the control subjects from the same institute setup where the study was carried out to match up with the treated group\u0026rsquo;s observation period. Nevertheless, this would have led to the untreated Class II patients and caused an ethical dilemma.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was no statistically and clinically significant difference between the Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022\u0026prime;\u0026prime; \u0026times; 0. 028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; labial pretorqued wire or with plain 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;x 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch. The control of mandibular anterior teeth and distal positioning of point A were better with labial pretorqued full slot 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;x 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; than compared to plain stainless steel archwire, though insignificant. Hence, we recommend future studies incorporating a larger sample size in younger subjects and a longer follow-up period to evaluate the effects of the labial pretorqued full slot archwire on the arches and jaws when used with the Forsus FRD therapy in mandibular arch.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the results of this clinical trial, following are the conclusions drawn:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022\u0026prime;\u0026prime; \u0026times; 0. 028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; labial pretorqued stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch showed favourable improvement in treatment of Class II malocclusion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere was no statistically and clinically significant difference between the Forsus FRD appliance therapy with 0. 022\u0026prime;\u0026prime; \u0026times; 0. 028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; labial pretorqued wire or with plain 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;x 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire in the mandibular arch. The former showed better distal positioning of pt A, hence has added benefit to reduce the maxillary prominence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements :\u003c/strong\u003e We would like to acknowledge Dr Ankit, MDS Public health dentistry, for rendering us help with the statistical analysis of the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e The study is self - funded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest/Competing interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest / competing interests.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; Ethical clearance was issued by the institute where the study was conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e: Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll data is available whenever asked\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode availability\u003c/strong\u003e (software application or custom code): \u0026nbsp; Manual cephalogram tracing was done in the study\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCelikoglu M, Buyuk SK, Ekizer A, Unal T (2016) Treatment effects of skeletally anchored Forsus FRD EZ and Herbst appliances: A retrospective clinical study. Angle Orthod 86:306\u0026ndash;314\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFranchi L, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, Masucci C, Defraia E, Baccetti T (2011) Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in Class II patients. Angle Orthod 81:678\u0026ndash;683\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLinjawi AI, Abbassy MA (2018) Dentoskeletal effects of the Forsus\u0026trade; fatigue resistance device in the treatment of class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta- analysis. J Orthod Sci 5:7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUpadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Uribe F, Nanda R (2012) Mini- implants vs fixed functional appliances for treatment of young adult Class II female patients. Angle Orthod 82:294\u0026ndash;303\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCacciatore G, Alvetro L, Franchi L (2014) Active-treatment effects of the Forsus fatigue resistant device during comprehensive Class II correction in growing patients. Korean J Orthod 44:136\u0026ndash;142\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeorge AS, Durgekar SG (2021) Skeletal and dentoalveolar contributions during Class II correction with Forsus\u0026trade; FRD appliances. J Orofac Orthop\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRenkema AM, Navratilova Z, Mazurova K, Katsaros C, Fudalej PS (2014) Gingival labial recessions and the post- treatment proclination of mandibular incisors. Eur J Orthod 1\u0026ndash;6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUnal T, Celikoglu M, Candirli C (2015) Evaluation of the effects of skeletal anchoraged Forsus FRD using miniplates inserted on mandibular symphysis: a new approach for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 85:413\u0026ndash;419\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElkordy SA, Abouelezz AM, Fayed MMS, Attia KH (2016) Three-dimensional effects of the mini-implant-anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 86:292\u0026ndash;230\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEissa O, El-Shennawy M, Gaballah S, El-Meehy G, El Bialy T (2017) Treatment outcomes of Class II malocclusion cases treated with miniscrew anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device: A randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 87:824\u0026ndash;833\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArora V, Sharma R, Chowdhary S (2018) Comparative evaluation of treatment effects between two fixed functional appliances for correction of Class II malocclusion: A single-center, randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 88:259\u0026ndash;266\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCacciatore G, Ghislanzoni LT, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, Franchi L (2014) Treatment and posttreatment effects induced by the Forsus appliance: A controlled clinical study. Angle Orthod 84:1010\u0026ndash;1017\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHeinrichs DA, Shammaa I, Martin C, Razmus T, Gunel E, Ngan P (2014) Treatment effects of a fixed intermaxillary device to correct class II malocclusions in growing patients. Prog Orthod 15:45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcLaughlin RP, Bennett JC, Trevisi HJ (2001) Systemized orthodontic treatment mechanics. Mosby Int Ltd 32\u0026ndash;35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSullivan GM, Feinn R (2012) Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. J Grad Med Educ 4:279\u0026ndash;282\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGiuntini V, Vangelisti A, Masucci C, Defraia E, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L (2015) Treatment effects produced by the Twin- block appliance vs the Forsus fatigue resistant device in growing Class II patients. Angle Orthod 85:784\u0026ndash;789\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOztoprak MO, Nalbantgil D, Uyanlar A, Arun T (2012) A cephalometric comparative study of Class II correction with Sabbagh universal spring (SUS(2)) and Forsus FRD appliances. Eur J Dent 6:302\u0026ndash;310\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCovell DA Jr, Trammell DW, Boero RP, West R (1999) A cephalometric study of Class II Division 1 malocclusions treated with the Jasper Jumper appliance. Angle Orthod 69:311\u0026ndash;320\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcNamara JA Jr (1981) Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8 \u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;10 years of age. Angle Orthod 51:177\u0026ndash;202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAslan BI, Kucukkaraca E, Turkoz C, Dincer M (2014) Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage. Angle Orthod 84:76\u0026ndash;87\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaracay S, Akin E, Olmez H, Gurton AU, Sagdic D (2006) Forsus nitinol flat spring and Jasper Jumper corrections of Class II Division 1 malocclusions. Angle Orthod 76:666\u0026ndash;672\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTurkkahraman H, Eliacik SK, Findik Y (2016) Effects of miniplate anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 86:1026\u0026ndash;1032\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJoch A, Pichelmayer M, Weiland F (2010) Bracket slot and archwire dimensions: Manufacturing precision and third order clearance. J Orthod 37:241\u0026ndash;249\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArchambault A, Lacoursiere R, Badawi H, Major PW, Carey J, Flores-Mir C (2010) Torque expression in stainless steel orthodontic brackets: A systematic review. Angle Orthod 80:201\u0026ndash;210\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWeschler D, Pancherz H (2005) Efficiency of three mandibular anchorage forms in Herbst treatment: a cephalometric investigation. Angle Orthod 75:23\u0026ndash;27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElkordy SA, Abouelezz AM, Fayed MMS (2019) Evaluation of the miniplate-anchored Forsus fatigue resistant device in skeletal Class II growing subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod 89:391\u0026ndash;403\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eManni A, Migliorati M, Calzolari C, Silvestrini-Biavati A (2019) Herbst appliance anchored to miniscrews in the upper and lower arches vs standard Herbst: A pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 156:617\u0026ndash;625\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-orofacial-orthopedics-fortschritte-der-kieferorthopadie","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie](https://link.springer.com/journal/56)","snPcode":"56","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/56/3","title":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Class II Malocclusion, Forsus FRD, full slot labial pretorqued archwire","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe purpose of study was to evaluate the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes in patients treated with Forsus FRD (Fatigue Resistance Device) therapy with a full slot labial pretorqued mandibular archwire in Class II patients and compare it with the conventional Forsus therapy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total sample of 31 subjects were divided into three groups. G1 group with eleven (Forsus appliance therapy with eight- degrees labial pretorqued full slot 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; x 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire in mandible), G2 group with ten (Forsus appliance therapy with plain 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime; x 0.025\u0026prime;\u0026prime; stainless steel archwire in mandible) and GC group with ten (untreated control) were evaluated. The lateral cephalograms before placement of Forsus and six month or at end of Class II correction were analysed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe paired students t test revealed Class I molar relation, overjet and overbite correction were achieved in G1 and G2 subjects. There was no statistically significant difference in the lower incisor position in both the treatment groups. N to pt A and SNA values decreased in G1, while, Wits value decreased in G2. The Post Hoc test showed significant changes in incisors inclination, molar position, overjet between the treated groups and control group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe full slot 0.021\u0026prime;\u0026prime;x 0.028\u0026prime;\u0026prime; pretorqued archwire didn\u0026rsquo;t prevent tipping of the mandibular incisors, however, showed better distal positioning of pt A; and hence, can help reduce the maxillary prominence, buccal occlusion and overjet correction, thereby facilitating overall esthetics improvement.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Full slot labial - pretorqued Vs plain mandibular archwire with Forsus FRD appliance in Class II malocclusions -A clinical trial","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-03 10:21:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6241566/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-05T15:54:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-04T13:56:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"288961989661054551856857411458996396935","date":"2025-04-25T06:58:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-08T05:36:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339573485027445035717076631132293986581","date":"2025-03-24T22:02:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-24T21:32:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-19T01:19:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-19T01:16:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie","date":"2025-03-17T06:22:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-orofacial-orthopedics-fortschritte-der-kieferorthopadie","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie](https://link.springer.com/journal/56)","snPcode":"56","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/56/3","title":"Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c2f543dd-f925-40ef-b9f2-7630c8b558c3","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-17T14:23:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-03 10:21:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6241566","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6241566","identity":"rs-6241566","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}