Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNA NEAT1 in Immune-Related Diseases

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, lacking the ability to be translated into proteins. Over the past few decades, an increasing number of publications have established lncRNAs as potent regulators in a broad spectrum of diseases. They modulate the expression of critical genes by affecting transcription, post-transcription, translation, and protein modification. This regulation frequently involves interaction of lncRNAs with other different molecules, such as proteins, RNA and DNA. In recent years, lncRNAs have been identified as regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses, playing significant roles in the onset and progression of diseases. Additionally, lncRNAs hold potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for numerous immune-related diseases. lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a notable example. This review consolidates the latest findings about the role of lncRNA NEAT1 in immune cell function and immune-related diseases.