Diffusion of characteristic gases in oil-immersed transformer by CFD simulation and experimental verification

Diffusion of characteristic gases in oil-immersed transformer by CFD simulation and experimental verification | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 31 January 2026 V1 Latest version Share on Diffusion of characteristic gases in oil-immersed transformer by CFD simulation and experimental verification Authors : Chunpeng Li 0000-0002-0737-5046 , Yuan Li 0000-0001-5424-1764 [email protected] , Jianyi Wang , Zhengqin Zhou , Zhihao Liu , ZhiQiu Chen , dongyang Zheng , and Guanjun Zhang Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176989885.58350146/v1 123 views 56 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The complex diffusion of characteristic gases within oil-immersed transformers significantly influences the timeliness between the fault occurrence and gas detection. While as so far, the gas transport processes and spatio-temporal distributions remain inadequately understood. In this work, we developed a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model that integrates steady-state temperature and oil flow, and transient processes of diffusion and dissolution for various gases, which is numerically simulated by dispersed two-phase flow. Targeting a 110 kV oil-natural and air-natural (ONAN) transformer, we investigated the gas diffusion paths, effect of oil flow, and dissolution differences among various gases in oil. The proposed CFD model is verified by gas flow experiment on a field transformer. The results revealed that free gases primarily rise vertically toward the tank top, and are hardly affected by oil flow; differences between various compositions can be negligible. While, the dissolved gases exhibited distinct diffusion characteristics, the path distributions involving molecular diffusion and convective diffusion. The convective diffusion driven by oil flow is found to be the dominant factor. Due to the effects of oil pressure and gas volume fraction, the mass transfer rates of gas dissolution in oil surface and oil channel inside the winding are higher than other spots. The mass transfer rates and dissolved gas content follow a descending order by C2H6 > C2H4 > C2H2 > CH4 > H2. According to the measured results of the gas dissolved in oil, the errors of CFD simulation are found less than 15%. This study aims to provide a solid basis for achieving both rapid gas detection and sensitive fault identification in transformer. Supplementary Material File (20260130-manuscript-iet gtd.docx) Download 9.19 MB File (figure1.vsdx) Download 89.84 KB File (figure11-12.opju) Download 123.96 KB File (figure13.opju) Download 69.02 KB File (figure19.opju) Download 59.81 KB File (figure2-10 and 14-18.pptx) Download 5.86 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 31 January 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords computational fluid dynamics fault simulation transformer oil Authors Affiliations Chunpeng Li 0000-0002-0737-5046 Xi'an Jiaotong University View all articles by this author Yuan Li 0000-0001-5424-1764 [email protected] Xi'an Jiaotong University View all articles by this author Jianyi Wang China Electric Power Research Institute View all articles by this author Zhengqin Zhou State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan Branch View all articles by this author Zhihao Liu Xi'an Jiaotong University View all articles by this author ZhiQiu Chen Xi'an Jiaotong University View all articles by this author dongyang Zheng China Electric Power Research Institute View all articles by this author Guanjun Zhang Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 123 views 56 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Chunpeng Li, Yuan Li, Jianyi Wang, et al. Diffusion of characteristic gases in oil-immersed transformer by CFD simulation and experimental verification. Authorea . 31 January 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176989885.58350146/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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