Intelligent single-shot full-field characterization over femtosecond pulses

Intelligent single-shot full-field characterization over femtosecond pulses | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Intelligent single-shot full-field characterization over femtosecond pulses Lilin Yi, Guoqing Pu, Chao Luo, Weisheng Hu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6798340/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Conventional approaches to femtosecond (fs) pulse characterization depend on nonlinearities without exception, thereby impeding their utilization in measuring weak fs pulses. Their reliance on iterative phase retrieval or spectrometer-based readout further prevents single-shot full-field characterization over high-repetition-rate fs pulse trains. Here, we present linear spectral shearing interferometry (LSSI) based intelligent single-shot full-field characterization (ISFC) towards high-repetition-rate fs pulse trains, where both intensity and phase of fs pulses are reconstructed in single shot from temporal interferograms through a well-trained fully-connected neural network. The spectral shear in LSSI is created completely by linear effects enabling measurement of weak fs pulses. We validate the proposed method on a megahertz fs pulse train with picojoule-level energy. Moreover, the switching dynamics of a programmable spectral filter are successfully resolved with the proposed method at a megahertz frame rate. We anticipate LSSI-based ISFC to be a particularly powerful tool for characterizing weak ultraviolet fs pulses, and even attosecond pulses with high repetition rates. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Lasers, LEDs and light sources/Ultrafast lasers Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Ultrafast photonics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Applied optics/Fibre optics and optical communications Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Supplementaryinformation.docx Supplementary information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6798340","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":488474161,"identity":"cc6b50f1-d957-4b33-b1ad-1042835e180c","order_by":0,"name":"Lilin Yi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAz0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmbmhgMMDBJyDAwHQHxmwlrYmBnBWowZGA4Tq4WBsQFEJzZAVBOjhZ2x8XBhm0X6/MbzxyQYKqwTG9jPHiDosMMz2yRyNxw4zCbBcCY9sYEnL4GwFl6QFgagFsa2w4kNEjwGRGlJl28AaflHgpYEBpDDgGwitfCckzAE+sXYIuFYunEbTw5+Lfz8hw9/5imrk5efcfDhjQ811rL97GfwawEDRjYgIXGAgSEBZC9h9SDwB2RfA3FqR8EoGAWjYOQBAKQWP+qlaBp0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lilin","middleName":"","lastName":"Yi","suffix":""},{"id":488474162,"identity":"8dba0970-29fc-4505-9dbc-0df67c557310","order_by":1,"name":"Guoqing Pu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guoqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Pu","suffix":""},{"id":488474163,"identity":"b2344616-d54a-4a6b-bddf-599ec9c22653","order_by":2,"name":"Chao Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":488474164,"identity":"7fc1db9c-03f1-45c9-adca-f341111fc43c","order_by":3,"name":"Weisheng Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weisheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-02 02:55:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6798340/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6798340/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66631-w","type":"published","date":"2025-11-25T05:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":99213713,"identity":"c13c942f-7e99-4fe4-89a0-7c607047deaa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-30 08:40:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1007947,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Intelligentsingleshotfullfieldcharacterizationoverfemtosecondpulses.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6798340/v1_covered_bfd00210-aa6d-4887-a0d7-e20419909e1d.pdf"},{"id":87291418,"identity":"13461024-0473-4b40-9f33-664834fa8641","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 11:37:09","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":858598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary information","description":"","filename":"Supplementaryinformation.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6798340/v1/3b735aeddee7057ceb7c5610.docx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Intelligent single-shot full-field characterization over femtosecond pulses","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6798340/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6798340/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Conventional approaches to femtosecond (fs) pulse characterization depend on nonlinearities without exception, thereby impeding their utilization in measuring weak fs pulses. 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