A new AHP-AHP two-stage MCDM method for the optimization of forage turnip and forage pea mixtures land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality

A new AHP-AHP two-stage MCDM method for the optimization of forage turnip and forage pea mixtures land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A new AHP-AHP two-stage MCDM method for the optimization of forage turnip and forage pea mixtures land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality İlknur Yıldırım, Aslı Ergenekon Arslan, Erdem Gülümser, Oğuz Arslan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study was conducted to determine the land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality of forage turnip (FT) ( Brassica rapa L.) and forage pea (FP) ( Pisumarvense L.) mixtures (100:0%, 50:50%, 25:75%, and 0:100%) under the ecological conditions of Bilecik/Türkiye. The study was carried out over three years (2022–2023, 2023–2024, and 2024–2025) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The botanical composition, land equivalent ratio (LER), hay yield, protein yield, relative feed value (RFV), condensed tannin, and mineral contents (K, P, Ca, and Mg) were determined. The highest hay and crude protein was determined in mixture of 50FT+50FP% (8.28 and 1.78 t ha − 1 ) and 100FT% (7.66 and 1.53 t ha − 1 ). The LER value of the 50FT+50FP% mixture was calculated to be greater than 1, indicating an advantage over the pure stands. In this study, a new AHP-AHP two stage MCDM tool was introduced to determine the best mixture of forage turnip and forage pea. In this sense, the experimentally obtained eight criteria were investigated first to determine the weights for the effects on the hay yield and quality. Secondly, the experimentally measured and observed mixtures were investigated through the second AHP network integrating the weights of the first AHP stage. According to the data obtained, pure forage turnip and the 50FT+50FP% mixture showed superior performance in terms of hay yield and quality. However, the land equivalent ratio indicated that the mixture was superior to the pure crops. Accordingly, it was concluded that the 50FT + 50%FP mixture would be suitable. Intercropping Forage turnip Forage Pea LER Analytic Hierarchy Process Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor invited by journal 08 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 25 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 23 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8916982","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":596507486,"identity":"5cfbc458-5bc4-461e-9139-1e62dc6fb5f6","order_by":0,"name":"İlknur Yıldırım","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"İlknur","middleName":"","lastName":"Yıldırım","suffix":""},{"id":596507487,"identity":"31962ae6-7ab3-41f8-b091-e8e286ed669a","order_by":1,"name":"Aslı Ergenekon Arslan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aslı","middleName":"Ergenekon","lastName":"Arslan","suffix":""},{"id":596507488,"identity":"13a866f9-1f69-4d14-813d-2261b9becc77","order_by":2,"name":"Erdem Gülümser","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Erdem","middleName":"","lastName":"Gülümser","suffix":""},{"id":596507489,"identity":"4378a41c-0dd6-496b-ad67-ea2219c64ca6","order_by":3,"name":"Oğuz Arslan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oğuz","middleName":"","lastName":"Arslan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-19 11:23:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103507954,"identity":"e8ed4778-0a7c-4781-9eb6-51e7cee3fe32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-26 13:46:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":980982,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8916982/v1_covered_65536003-9e52-4b48-9972-1ec4b20af895.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A new AHP-AHP two-stage MCDM method for the optimization of forage turnip and forage pea mixtures land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Intercropping, Forage turnip, Forage Pea, LER, Analytic Hierarchy Process","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted to determine the land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality of forage turnip (FT) (\u003cem\u003eBrassica rapa\u003c/em\u003e L.) and forage pea (FP) (\u003cem\u003ePisumarvense\u003c/em\u003e L.) mixtures (100:0%, 50:50%, 25:75%, and 0:100%) under the ecological conditions of Bilecik/T\u0026uuml;rkiye. The study was carried out over three years (2022\u0026ndash;2023, 2023\u0026ndash;2024, and 2024\u0026ndash;2025) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The botanical composition, land equivalent ratio (LER), hay yield, protein yield, relative feed value (RFV), condensed tannin, and mineral contents (K, P, Ca, and Mg) were determined. The highest hay and crude protein was determined in mixture of 50FT+50FP% (8.28 and 1.78 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and 100FT% (7.66 and 1.53 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). The LER value of the 50FT+50FP% mixture was calculated to be greater than 1, indicating an advantage over the pure stands. In this study, a new AHP-AHP two stage MCDM tool was introduced to determine the best mixture of forage turnip and forage pea. In this sense, the experimentally obtained eight criteria were investigated first to determine the weights for the effects on the hay yield and quality. Secondly, the experimentally measured and observed mixtures were investigated through the second AHP network integrating the weights of the first AHP stage. According to the data obtained, pure forage turnip and the 50FT+50FP% mixture showed superior performance in terms of hay yield and quality. However, the land equivalent ratio indicated that the mixture was superior to the pure crops. Accordingly, it was concluded that the 50FT\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;50%FP mixture would be suitable.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A new AHP-AHP two-stage MCDM method for the optimization of forage turnip and forage pea mixtures land equivalent ratio, hay yield and quality","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-25 09:13:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8916982/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-08T16:48:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-28T15:15:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-25T09:00:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-23T17:17:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-02-23T17:13:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"77965040-457a-4c2d-88b4-2764242688de","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 25th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-08T16:48:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-28T15:24:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-25 09:13:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8916982","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8916982","identity":"rs-8916982","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}