An Immunodeficient Patient with Adenomyosis of the Uterus Complicated by Polyp-Like Endometriosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Song Y, Lin Y, Yuan M, Cao Y, Wang G
In: International Journal of Women's Health, Vol Volume 18, Iss Issue 1, Pp 1-8 (2026) · 2026 · W7134101271
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This case report describes an immunodeficient patient with adenomyosis complicated by polyp-like endometriosis, reviewing diagnostic challenges and potential associations with autoimmune diseases.

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This case report describes a patient with an immunodeficient condition who presented with adenomyosis complicated by rare polyp-like endometriosis. The authors detail the unusual growth pattern where endometrial tissue migrated toward the abdominal cavity and review the diagnostic challenges associated with this presentation, particularly given its imaging features that mimic malignancy. The paper highlights the potential link between autoimmune diseases and the development of such complex endometriotic lesions. This paper is centrally about endometriosis and adenomyosis — specifically examining a rare case of polypoid endometriosis occurring in conjunction with adenomyosis in an immunocompromised host.

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Abstract

Yaan Song,1– 5,* Yiqing Lin,1– 5,* Ming Yuan,1– 5 Ye Cao,1– 5 Guoyun Wang1– 5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3JiNan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynaecological Disease, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Gynecology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 5Gynecology Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guoyun Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18560081729, Email [email protected]: Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder that can be considered in two major categories based on whether the endometrium invades the myometrium: adenomyosis, in which the endometrial glands and mesenchyme migrate into the myometrium, and endometriosis, in which the endometrial glands and mesenchyme migrate into organs other than the myometrium. Polypoid endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis with imaging features of malignancy. In this article, we present a case of polypoid endometriosis in which a large amount of endometrium climbed to the abdominal surface of the plasma membrane layer of the uterus and grew toward the abdominal cavity, and we review the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of polypoid endometriosis and its association with autoimmune diseases, may provide a new idea for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of polypoid endometriosis in the future.Keywords: polypoid endometriosis, endometriosis, adenomyosis, immunosuppression, autoimmune disease
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International Journal of Women's Health (Mar 2026) An Immunodeficient Patient with Adenomyosis of the Uterus Complicated by Polyp-Like Endometriosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Abstract Yaan Song,1– 5,* Yiqing Lin,1– 5,* Ming Yuan,1– 5 Ye Cao,1– 5 Guoyun Wang1– 5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3JiNan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynaecological Disease, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Gynecology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 5Gynecology Laboratory, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guoyun Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18560081729, Email [email protected]: Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder that can be considered in two major categories based on whether the endometrium invades the myometrium: adenomyosis, in which the endometrial glands and mesenchyme migrate into the myometrium, and endometriosis, in which the endometrial glands and mesenchyme migrate into organs other than the myometrium. Polypoid endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis with imaging features of malignancy. In this article, we present a case of polypoid endometriosis in which a large amount of endometrium climbed to the abdominal surface of the plasma membrane layer of the uterus and grew toward the abdominal cavity, and we review the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of polypoid endometriosis and its association with autoimmune diseases, may provide a new idea for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of polypoid endometriosis in the future.Keywords: polypoid endometriosis, endometriosis, adenomyosis, immunosuppression, autoimmune disease

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