Causal Path of EWE-SL Model in Improving Physics Problem-Solving Ability

Causal Path of EWE-SL Model in Improving Physics Problem-Solving Ability | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Causal Path of EWE-SL Model in Improving Physics Problem-Solving Ability Yohanes Kurniawan, I Nyoman Sudana Degeng, Dedi Kuswandi, I Made Duananda kartika Degeng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612991/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Physics education aims to develop advanced problem-solving skills. However, many students experience challenges due to high cognitive load. The gap between expert and novice performance often arises from instructional methods that do not align with cognitive learning processes. This study presents the Experiential-Worked Example-based Seamless Learning (EWE-SL) model as a solution to these challenges. The primary objective is to assess the impact of the EWE-SL model on problem-solving skills by examining the mediating roles of cognitive load and conceptual understanding. The research involved two phases: first, the EWE-SL model was developed using the Successive Approximation Model 2 (SAM 2); second, the model underwent experimental evaluation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships. Results show that the EWE-SL model significantly reduced cognitive load (β = -0.781) and directly improved both conceptual understanding (β = 0.637) and problem-solving skills (β = 0.364). Additional analysis revealed that lower cognitive load contributed to better conceptual understanding and problem-solving performance. In summary, the EWE-SL model, developed systematically and validated empirically, creates more effective learning conditions for conceptual mastery and advanced problem-solving. Experiential-worked example Seamless Learning Worked-example Cognitive Load Concept Understanding Problem-Solving ability Physics learning Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7612991","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":540020993,"identity":"dee85246-a2cb-476a-b0ec-71d16c12a253","order_by":0,"name":"Yohanes 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Ability","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Experiential-worked example, Seamless Learning, Worked-example, Cognitive Load, Concept Understanding, Problem-Solving ability, Physics learning","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612991/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612991/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePhysics education aims to develop advanced problem-solving skills. However, many students experience challenges due to high cognitive load. The gap between expert and novice performance often arises from instructional methods that do not align with cognitive learning processes. This study presents the Experiential-Worked Example-based Seamless Learning (EWE-SL) model as a solution to these challenges. The primary objective is to assess the impact of the EWE-SL model on problem-solving skills by examining the mediating roles of cognitive load and conceptual understanding. The research involved two phases: first, the EWE-SL model was developed using the Successive Approximation Model 2 (SAM 2); second, the model underwent experimental evaluation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships. Results show that the EWE-SL model significantly reduced cognitive load (β = -0.781) and directly improved both conceptual understanding (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.637) and problem-solving skills (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.364). Additional analysis revealed that lower cognitive load contributed to better conceptual understanding and problem-solving performance. In summary, the EWE-SL model, developed systematically and validated empirically, creates more effective learning conditions for conceptual mastery and advanced problem-solving.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Causal Path of EWE-SL Model in Improving Physics Problem-Solving Ability","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-17 15:34:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612991/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ef7dbee6-2076-4022-a3c9-92e1eb35218b","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-16T15:40:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-17 15:34:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7612991","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7612991","identity":"rs-7612991","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}