Ciprofloxacin Release Behaviour From Gamma-irradiated Dextran-poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel and Its Kinetic Fitting Models

Ciprofloxacin Release Behaviour From Gamma-irradiated Dextran-poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel and Its Kinetic Fitting Models | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Ciprofloxacin Release Behaviour From Gamma-irradiated Dextran-poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel and Its Kinetic Fitting Models Deudeu Lasmawati, Farah Nurlidar, Dien Puji Rahayu, Fajar Lukitowati, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8050143/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Polymer Research → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Currently, hydrogels prepared from naturally sourced polymers are frequently utilized as matrices in drug delivery systems, owing to their favorable interaction with biological environments and their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents effectively. However, these hydrogels often exhibit low mechanical properties, enabling premature degradation and ineffective drug release. In this study, we developed hybrid hydrogels synthesized from dextran, a natural polymer, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a synthetic polymer, to create a biocompatible and mechanically stable matrix for controlled drug release. The dextran–PEGDA hydrogels were successfully synthesized using gamma rays at irradiation doses of 15 and 25 kGy. Gel fraction test showed a high gel fraction of more than 90% for both 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, indicating successful formation of a three-dimensional network within the dextran-PEGDA hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the disappearance of vinyl groups from PEGDA, further confirming the successful formation of crosslinking between the polymers in the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the 25 kGy hydrogel has denser pore structures compared to the 15 kGy hydrogel. Interestingly, the drug release study showed that the 15 kGy hydrogel can release the ciprofloxacin up to 84% after 24 hours of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Furthermore, the Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order kinetic models provided a strong fit to the experimental data for 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, with the R 2 values higher than 0.95, indicating the ciprofloxacin release is mainly determined by the ability of the drug to diffuse through the densely cross-linked polymer network. Antibacterial test showed that both hydrogels exhibited pronounced antibacterial properties toward E. coli and S. aureus , implying that the ciprofloxacin incorporated into the network remained pharmacologically active following crosslinking by gamma radiation. Overall, the study revealed that dextran–PEGDA hydrogels exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability and enable a controlled release pattern, suggesting their suitability for future development of drug delivery systems. Hydrogels gamma irradiation simultaneous drug encapsulation drug delivery dextran PEGDA Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Polymer Research → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 09 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8050143","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544879398,"identity":"4c1cb047-7a3e-4839-8c72-150d80ddd19f","order_by":0,"name":"Deudeu Lasmawati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deudeu","middleName":"","lastName":"Lasmawati","suffix":""},{"id":544879399,"identity":"ebf6b780-c455-44d2-a3b0-8a6bcaac9787","order_by":1,"name":"Farah 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Models\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymer-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jpol","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymer Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/10965)","snPcode":"10965","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jpol/","title":"Journal of Polymer Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Hydrogels, gamma irradiation, simultaneous drug encapsulation, drug delivery, dextran, PEGDA","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8050143/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8050143/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCurrently, hydrogels prepared from naturally sourced polymers are frequently utilized as matrices in drug delivery systems, owing to their favorable interaction with biological environments and their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents effectively. However, these hydrogels often exhibit low mechanical properties, enabling premature degradation and ineffective drug release. In this study, we developed hybrid hydrogels synthesized from dextran, a natural polymer, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a synthetic polymer, to create a biocompatible and mechanically stable matrix for controlled drug release. The dextran\u0026ndash;PEGDA hydrogels were successfully synthesized using gamma rays at irradiation doses of 15 and 25 kGy. Gel fraction test showed a high gel fraction of more than 90% for both 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, indicating successful formation of a three-dimensional network within the dextran-PEGDA hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the disappearance of vinyl groups from PEGDA, further confirming the successful formation of crosslinking between the polymers in the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the 25 kGy hydrogel has denser pore structures compared to the 15 kGy hydrogel. Interestingly, the drug release study showed that the 15 kGy hydrogel can release the ciprofloxacin up to 84% after 24 hours of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Furthermore, the Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order kinetic models provided a strong fit to the experimental data for 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, with the R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e values higher than 0.95, indicating the ciprofloxacin release is mainly determined by the ability of the drug to diffuse through the densely cross-linked polymer network. Antibacterial test showed that both hydrogels exhibited pronounced antibacterial properties toward \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eS. aureus\u003c/em\u003e, implying that the ciprofloxacin incorporated into the network remained pharmacologically active following crosslinking by gamma radiation. Overall, the study revealed that dextran\u0026ndash;PEGDA hydrogels exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability and enable a controlled release pattern, suggesting their suitability for future development of drug delivery systems.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Ciprofloxacin Release Behaviour From Gamma-irradiated Dextran-poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel and Its Kinetic Fitting Models","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-25 04:31:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8050143/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-11-17T07:58:16+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-14T05:47:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Journal of Polymer Research","date":"2025-11-11T20:42:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T12:59:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Polymer Research","date":"2025-11-09T12:19:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymer-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jpol","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymer Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/10965)","snPcode":"10965","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jpol/","title":"Journal of Polymer Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"789db3ac-041a-4dd7-b532-1be2e3795aa2","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T16:01:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8050143","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-04906-6","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-polymer-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Polymer Research"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-23 15:57:35","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 23rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-25 04:31:27","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04906-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-04906-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8050143","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8050143","identity":"rs-8050143","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}