Dedicated Edge-AI Single-Board Computer Systems for Ecological Monitoring in Protected Wetlands: Evidence from a Ramsar Site in India

Dedicated Edge-AI Single-Board Computer Systems for Ecological Monitoring in Protected Wetlands: Evidence from a Ramsar Site in India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dedicated Edge-AI Single-Board Computer Systems for Ecological Monitoring in Protected Wetlands: Evidence from a Ramsar Site in India Swapin Vidya This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8553049/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ecological monitoring in protected wetlands increasingly requires continuous, high-resolution data acquisition under conditions of limited power availability and unreliable network connectivity. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced ecological data analysis, many existing approaches rely on cloud-centric architectures that are poorly suited to sensitive and infrastructure-constrained environments. This study evaluates the role of dedicated single-board computer (SBC) systems with on-device AI capabilities for ecological monitoring in protected wetlands.Field deployments were conducted at Sasthamcotta Lake, Kerala, India, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance and the largest freshwater lake in the state. Two purpose-built, solar-powered edge-AI systems were deployed between August and December 2025 to perform autonomous monitoring under real-world monsoonal conditions. System One focused on real-time validation and anomaly detection of physico-chemical sensor data, including turbidity, pH, and nitrogen levels. System Two integrated periodic biological sampling with AI-assisted image analysis and correlation models to estimate biological indicators, including E. coli presence and Chaoborus spp. (locally referred to as cavaborus larvae), which contribute to the lake’s natural bacterial regulation.The results demonstrate that edge-AI systems achieved high operational reliability ( \((>98%)\) uptime), low inference latency (120--180 ms), minimal data loss ( \((<1%)\) ), and sustained operation using solar power alone. By separating data validation and ecological interpretation across two edge-AI systems, continuous monitoring was maintained without reliance on cloud infrastructure. These findings establish dedicated edge-AI SBC systems as essential infrastructure for ecological research and conservation monitoring in protected and resource-constrained wetland environments. Edge artificial intelligence Ecological monitoring Single-board computer systems Ramsar wetlands Environmental monitoring Conservation technology Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 23 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 20 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 08 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8553049","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":571582251,"identity":"9fc5daf6-b514-4ef5-9039-b368983d6b8b","order_by":0,"name":"Swapin 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India","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Edge artificial intelligence, Ecological monitoring, Single-board computer systems, Ramsar wetlands, Environmental monitoring, Conservation technology","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8553049/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8553049/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEcological monitoring in protected wetlands increasingly requires continuous, high-resolution data acquisition under conditions of limited power availability and unreliable network connectivity. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced ecological data analysis, many existing approaches rely on cloud-centric architectures that are poorly suited to sensitive and infrastructure-constrained environments. This study evaluates the role of dedicated single-board computer (SBC) systems with on-device AI capabilities for ecological monitoring in protected wetlands.Field deployments were conducted at Sasthamcotta Lake, Kerala, India, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance and the largest freshwater lake in the state. Two purpose-built, solar-powered edge-AI systems were deployed between August and December 2025 to perform autonomous monitoring under real-world monsoonal conditions. System One focused on real-time validation and anomaly detection of physico-chemical sensor data, including turbidity, pH, and nitrogen levels. System Two integrated periodic biological sampling with AI-assisted image analysis and correlation models to estimate biological indicators, including \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e presence and \u003cem\u003eChaoborus\u003c/em\u003e spp. (locally referred to as cavaborus larvae), which contribute to the lake\u0026rsquo;s natural bacterial regulation.The results demonstrate that edge-AI systems achieved high operational reliability (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\((\u0026gt;98%)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e uptime), low inference latency (120--180 ms), minimal data loss (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\((\u0026lt;1%)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), and sustained operation using solar power alone. By separating data validation and ecological interpretation across two edge-AI systems, continuous monitoring was maintained without reliance on cloud infrastructure. These findings establish dedicated edge-AI SBC systems as essential infrastructure for ecological research and conservation monitoring in protected and resource-constrained wetland environments.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Dedicated Edge-AI Single-Board Computer Systems for Ecological Monitoring in Protected Wetlands: Evidence from a Ramsar Site in India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-09 06:24:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8553049/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-23T21:28:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-20T11:43:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-20T11:39:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","date":"2026-01-08T15:14:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-monitoring-and-assessment","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"emas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](http://link.springer.com/journal/10661)","snPcode":"10661","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10661/3","title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e01c265b-bd77-446d-873e-d91dfa9160ca","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-14T10:53:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-09 06:24:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8553049","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8553049","identity":"rs-8553049","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}