Reduce the Risk of Microbial activity and Cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract, grown under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan

Reduce the Risk of Microbial activity and Cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract, grown under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Reduce the Risk of Microbial activity and Cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract, grown under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan Rasha Khalid Abbas This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : - Sudan is rich country for natural products like Adansonia digitata is locally name Gongolase and Tabldy, this plant has gained an interest for study because have many therapeutic benefits and low side effects and have high demand in the world market and is expected tobe replace chemical products. Plant pulp extracts contain chemical constituents such as polyphenol, which are responsible for Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity. The current studied investigates of the edible parts of Adansonia digitata ethanoic pulp extract against bacteria, fungi and anticancer. Methodology :- HPLC used to identify the polyphenol compound, agar well diffusion method used to estimate the antimicrobial activity and to estimate anticancer of pulp edible parts of Adansonia digitata used MTT protocol. Results :- Polyphenol constituents of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts was examined by HPLC contained 18 compounds have antimicrobial activity to pathogenic bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888) compare with antibiotic for bacteria (Gentamicin) and for fungi (Fluconazole), also have high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell line such as Hela (The line is derived from cervical cancer), Hep G2 (a human liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer), A-431 (cells epidermis carcinoma), PC3 (a human prostate cancer) and T-47D (human breast cancer cell line). Biological sciences/Biotechnology Biological sciences/Cancer Biological sciences/Drug discovery Biological sciences/Microbiology Biological sciences/Plant sciences Adansonia digitata HPLC Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221) Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888) Antibiotics Gentamicin Fluconazole: cancer cell line Hela Hep G2 A549 A-431 Pc3 T-47D Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Introduction The secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds, alkaloids, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenoids of plant parts are effective against the disease-causing agents, which have high efficacy and lower toxicity as compared to synthetic drugs [1-3] . Since they are presently recognized as therapeutically useful molecules, which can be potential alternatives for the development of anticancer drugs and antimicrobial [4-5] .The variability in agro-climatic conditions in Sudan is characterized it wide range of different crops can be grown throughout the year, one of these crops is Adansonia digitata . Locally names “ Gongolase , Tabldy, Baobab, monkey-bread tree, the dead-rat tree (owing to its fruit shape), is a large iconic tree, majestic sub-tropical tree belongs to the family Malvaceae, known multipurpose tree, that grows and originates in the sub-Sahara areas of Africa it found in Sudan, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Kenya [6-13] . All different part parts of Adansonia tree (roots, trunk, bark, leaves, pulp and seeds) beneficial to human used for therapeutic purposes such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-trypanosome activity, against stomachaches and diarrhea [14-21] . Adansonia digitata tree Have high nutritional value and unique flavor Baobab leaves are good source of protein with essential amino acids vitamins (such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B6), minerals (such as calcium, iron, and potassium), dietary fibre, and as well as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids [21-30] . They also contain beneficial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to their potential health benefits. Baobab leaves used in the preparation of sauces, soups, stews, and other traditional dishes in Africa. They impart a tangy and slightly sour taste to the dishes, adding a unique flavor furthermore; baobab pulp extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant [30-35] The objective of this study:- To identify the polyphenol of Adansonia digitata pulp by HPLC that have potent activity against microorganism and cancer cells MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material : Mature fruits pulp of Adansonia digitata collected from west Sudan, AI-Obiad (north Kourdoufan State), they authenticated in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants National Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan (Supplementary Material) Extraction and Preparation of Extracts The powder separated from seeds manually and crushed using mortar and pestle to coarse powder then macerated with 80%ethanol at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and evaporated using rotary evaporator and kept in a dry brown container at refrigerator until used. High Performance Liquid Chromatography device. Microorganisms: In this study, a conventional biochemical method used to identify the microorganism in the three separate laboratories according to standard microbiology techniques. The pathogenic were, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539, fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 10221) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888) Methods Agar Well Diffusion method In this method used Nutrient agar for antibacterial activity and potato dextrose agar for antifungal activity, Agar well diffusion method is widely used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plants or microbial extracts, the agar plate surface was inoculated by spreading a volume of the microbial inoculum over the entire agar surface. Then, a hole with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm punched aseptically with a sterile cork borer or a tip, and a volume (20–100mL) of the antimicrobial agent or extract solution at desired concentration. Then, agar plates incubated under suitable conditions depending upon the test microorganism. the antimicrobial agent diffuses in the agar medium and inhibits the growth of the microbial strain tested [35-38] . Determination of sample cytotoxicity on cells (MTT protocol) To develop a complete monolayer sheet inoculated the 96 well tissue culture plate with 1 X 10 5 cells / ml (100 ul / well) and incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Growth medium was decanted from 96 well microliter plates after a confluent sheet of cells were formed, cell monolayer was washed twice. Two-fold dilutions of the tested sample were made in RPMI medium with 2% serum 0.1 ml of each dilution was tested in different wells leaving three wells as control; Plate was incubated at 37 ° C and examined. Cells checked for any physical signs of toxicity, e.g. partial or complete loss of the monolayer, rounding, shrinkage, or cell granulation. MTT solution was prepared (5mg/ml in PBS) (BIO BASIC CANADA INC). 20ul MTT solution added to each well. Place on a shaking table, 150rpm for 5 minutes, to mix thoroughly the MTT into the media. Incubate (37C, 5% CO2) for 4 hours to allow the MTT to be metabolized. Dump off the media. Suspend Formosan (MTT metabolic product) in 200ul DMSO. Place on a shaking table, 150rpm for 5 minutes, to mix thoroughly the Formosan into the solvent. Read optical density at 560nm and subtract background at 620nm. Optical density should be directly correlated with cell quantity [39] . Statistical analysis Minitab version 17 software used to analyze all data. The mean and Standard deviation were calculated. Regression analysis used to evaluate the significant difference. A linear regression equation was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 from the linear part of the sigmoid curve in order to analyze cell viability, i.e. y = mx + c, y = 50, M and C values were derived from the viability graph. R 2 values ≥ 0.95 were considered statistically significant. HPLC conditions (Supplementary Material)Using an Agilent 1260 series for HPLC analysis. Using Zorbax Eclipse plus C8 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm i.d., 5 μm) for the separation. The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate 0.9 ml/min. The programmed mobile phase was consecutively in a linear gradient as follows: 0 min (82% A); 0–1 min (82% A); 1-11 min (75% A); 11-18 min (60% A); 18-22 min (82% A); 22-24 min (82% A). The multi-wavelength detector monitored at 280 nm. The volume for injection was five μl for each of the sample solutions. The temperature of the column at 40 °C. Results and Discussion Table1 and (Supplementary Material). showed the Polyphenol constituents of Adansonia digitata pulp extract contained 18 compounds, 4 of them were major compound Ellagic acid (8.3624%), Coumaric acid (8.8411%), Rosmarinic acid (7.3747%), Cinnamic acid (8.5964%) these results agree with those who said that the primary bioactive constituents found in Adansonia digitata have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardio protective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activity [31,38] . Table 2. showed that moderate Inhibitions zones of Adansonia digitata ethanoic pulp extracts against pathogenic bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539).) with an inhibition diameter of 25±0.1 mm, 23±0.1mm and 26±0.2mm respectively, compare with antibiotic Gentamicin inhibition zones diameter to above pathogenic bacteria were 28±0.2mm, 32±0.1mm and 29±0.2mm respectively, as well as fungi (Candida albicans (ATCC 10221) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888)) 21±0.2mm and 11±0.1mm respectively compare with antibiotic fluconazole , inhibition diameter 26±0.2mm and 27±0.1 mm respectively. (Supplementary Material) showed Inhibitions zones (in mm) by Adansonia digitata ethanoic pulp extracts against pathogenic bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) respectively , (Supplementary Material) . showed the inhibitions zones (in mm) by Adansonia digitata ethanoic pulp extracts against fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16888) respectively, these finding are in agreement with that previously studies [2,12] . Table 3, in addition figure1 showed the cytotoxicity of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against Hela cell line (cervical cancer) at different concentrations, the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition was 104.45 ± 1.67, (Supplementary Material) Hela cell Control, (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against Hela cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed an excellent cytotoxicity at highest concentration 1000,500 and 250 ug/ml this due to widely distributed polyphenols in plants that possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer these finding are in agreement with that previously studies [39-43] . Table 4 and figure2. Showed the cytotoxicity of the Adansonia digitata pulp extract against HepG2 cell line (a human liver cancer) at different concentrations found the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) 205.66 ± 5.11(Supplementary Material) HepG2 cell Control (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against HepG2 cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), found cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml that main the plant contain beneficial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to their potential health benefits these results agree with those studies [44-47]. Table 5. In addition, Figure3 found that the cytotoxicity of the Adansonia digitata pulp extract were conducted using A549 cell line (lung cancer) at different concentrations found the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) 239.75 ± 2.32. (Supplementary Material) A549 cell Control. (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against A549 cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies [46-47] .Table 6 and figure 4. Showed the cytotoxicity of the pulp of Adansonia digitata were conducted using A431 cell line (cells epidermis carcinoma ) at different concentrations, the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) 327.82 ± 0.61. (Supplementary Material) A431 cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against A431 cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies [46-47] .Table 7 and figure 5. Showed that the cytotoxicity of the pulp of Adansonia digitata were conducted using Pc3 cell line ( prostate cancer ) at different concentrations, the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) 166.99 ± 2.15. (Supplementary Material) Pc3 cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against Pc3 cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000,500 and 250 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies [47].. Table 8 and figure 6 showed the cytotoxicity of Adansonia digitata pulp were conducted using T47D cell line (human breast cancer ) at different concentrations, the IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) 246.07 ± 4.97(Supplementary Material) T47D cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against T47D cell at different concentration (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), the pulp of Adansonia digitata showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies [45-47] . CONCLUSION This work comes to conclude that the Adansonia digitation pulp extracts contain polyphenol compound have potent activity against pathogenic microorganism Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888) compare with antibiotic for bacteria (Gentamicin) and for fungi (Fluconazole), also have high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell line such as Hela (The line is derived from cervical cancer), Hep G2 (a human liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer), A-431 (cells epidermis carcinoma), PC3 (a human prostate cancer) and T-47D (human breast cancer cell line). I hope that the research will encourage researcher to do more research to utilization of Adansonia digitata . Abbreviations HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Hela: cervical cancer . Hep G2: a human liver cancer . A549: lung cancer. A-431: cells epidermis carcinoma. PC3: a human prostate cancer. T-47D: human breast cancer. MTT: (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) is used to assess cell viability. Declarations ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to express their deepest thanks to the laboratories of Chemistry And Microbial products “National Research Centre- Cairo- Egypt.” for their help in Analyzing the samples. Funding No funding. Availability of data and materials We have already included all data in the manuscript collected from west Sudan, AI-Obiad (north Kourdoufan State and analyzed in National Research Centre- Cairo- Egypt. Authors’ contributions Only one author. Declaration Ethics statement This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author. Dual publication The results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere. Authorship The corresponding author has read the journal policies and submit this manuscript in accordance with those policies. 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Ramadan, Comparative analysis Adansonia digitata nanoparticle and encapsulation: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer assessment, Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 35(1): 2025, Page: 49-57. Bello, O.K., Oloyede, H.O.B., Salawu, M.O. and Yakubu, M.T. Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius Leaves-based Diet on Gamma-irradiation induced Genotoxicity and p53 Damage in Cellular System of Rats, Nig. J. Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 36 (Issue 2, 2023) : 4607-4623. Tables Table 1. Polyphenol constituents of Adansonia digitata pulp extract identified by HPLC. Name of the Poly phenol compound Ret. Time Area% Gallic acid 3.572 3.6540 Chlorogenic acid 4.183 5.7638 Catechin 4.423 4.8432 Methyl gallate 5.413 4.2906 Coffeic acid 5.823 3.2464 Syringic acid 6.313 4.2625 Rutin 6.722 6.0454 Ellagic acid 7.102 8.3624 Coumaric acid 8.542 8.8411 Vanillin 8.967 5.1506 Ferulic acid 9.574 5.2579 Naringenin 10.194 4.9199 Rosmarinic acid 11.610 7.3747 Daidzein 15.792 4.7034 Querectin 17.151 4.4204 Cinnamic acid 19.112 8.5964 Kaempferol 20.502 4.1067 Hesperetin 21.095 6.1607 Table 2. Inhibition zone (in mm) by Adansonia digitata pulp extract . Pathogenic microorganism Inhibition zone (in mm) Control Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) 25±0.1 28±0.2 Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) 23±0.1 32±0.1 Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) 26±0.2 29±0.2 Candida albicans (ATCC 10221) 21±0.2 26±0.2 Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888 11±0.1 27±0.1 * NA : No activity * Control for Bacteria was Gentamicin and for fungi was Fluconazole. Table 3. Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against Hela cell at different concentration ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD Hela ------ 0.663 0.658 0.656 0.659 0.002082 100 0.739 ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.018 0.017 0.02 0.018333 0.000882 2.781992919 97.21800708 104.45 ± 1.67 500 0.022 0.018 0.019 0.019667 0.001202 2.984319676 97.01568032 250 0.019 0.019 0.02 0.019333 0.000333 2.933737987 97.06626201 125 0.22 0.197 0.224 0.213667 0.008413 32.42286292 67.57713708 62.5 0.626 0.619 0.631 0.625333 0.00348 94.89124937 5.108750632 31.25 0.658 0.657 0.658 0.657667 0.000333 99.79767324 0.202326758 Table 4. Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against HepG2 cell at different concentration ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD HepG2 -------- 0.747 0.749 0.745 0.747 0.001155 100 0.739 ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.024 0.033 0.028 0.028333 0.002603 3.792949576 96.20705042 205.66 ± 5.11 500 0.074 0.052 0.044 0.056667 0.008969 7.585899152 92.41410085 250 0.24 0.274 0.263 0.259 0.010017 34.67202142 65.32797858 125 0.563 0.598 0.586 0.582333 0.010269 77.95626952 22.04373048 62.5 0.736 0.741 0.735 0.737333 0.001856 98.70593485 1.294065149 31.25 0.745 0.748 0.744 0.745667 0.001202 99.82150826 0.178491745 Table 5.Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against A549 cell at different concentration ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD A549 -------- 0.65 0.646 0.642 0.646 0.002309 100 0.739 Ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.034 0.031 0.028 0.031 0.001732 4.79876161 95.20123839 239.75 ± 2.32 500 0.084 0.099 0.075 0.086 0.007 13.3126935 86.6873065 250 0.3 0.294 0.307 0.300333 0.003756 46.49122807 53.50877193 125 0.56 0.556 0.537 0.551 0.007095 85.29411765 14.70588235 62.5 0.651 0.643 0.644 0.646 0.002517 100 0 31.25 0.649 0.644 0.645 0.646 0.001528 100 0 Table 6.Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against A431 cell at different concentration . ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD A431 -------- 0.734 0.731 0.737 0.734 0.001732 100 0.739 Ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.034 0.03 0.028 0.030667 0.001764 4.178019982 95.82198002 327.82 ± 0.61 500 0.116 0.103 0.118 0.112333 0.004702 15.30426885 84.69573115 250 0.438 0.45 0.441 0.443 0.003606 60.35422343 39.64577657 125 0.72 0.716 0.725 0.720333 0.002603 98.13805631 1.861943688 62.5 0.733 0.727 0.725 0.728333 0.002404 99.22797457 0.772025431 31.25 0.732 0.736 0.73 0.732667 0.001764 99.81834696 0.181653043 Table 7.Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against Pc3 cell at different concentration. ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD Pc3 -------- 0.549 0.55 0.545 0.548 0.001528 100 0.739 Ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.019 0.02 0.02 0.019667 0.000333 3.588807786 96.41119221 166.99 ± 2.15 500 0.024 0.023 0.026 0.024333 0.000882 4.440389294 95.55961071 250 0.045 0.038 0.049 0.044 0.003215 8.02919708 91.97080292 125 0.418 0.396 0.402 0.405333 0.006566 73.96593674 26.03406326 62.5 0.545 0.538 0.552 0.545 0.004041 99.45255474 0.547445255 31.25 0.549 0.551 0.542 0.547333 0.002728 99.8783455 0.121654501 Table 8. Effect of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts against T47D cell at different concentration. ID ug/ml O.D Mean O.D ±SE Viability % Toxicity % IC50 ± SD T47D ------- 0.765 0.763 0.767 0.765 0.001155 100 0.739 Ug Adansonia digitata pulp extracts 1000 0.021 0.029 0.025 0.025 0.002309 3.267973856 96.73202614 246.07 ± 4.97 500 0.024 0.028 0.027 0.026333 0.001202 3.442265795 96.5577342 250 0.358 0.385 0.366 0.369667 0.008007 48.32244009 51.67755991 125 0.752 0.739 0.748 0.746333 0.003844 97.55991285 2.440087146 62.5 0.766 0.758 0.762 0.762 0.002309 99.60784314 0.392156863 31.25 0.763 0.769 0.763 0.765 0.002 100 0 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 20 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7397839","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":503012497,"identity":"6aa4c5d8-023d-4975-bafc-6bee5f03e556","order_by":0,"name":"Rasha Khalid Abbas","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNgaGAwcY+JgZDA58qADymZkbiNPCxsxg+HDGGZAWRmK1MDAYG/O2gQQIaDFvP/7swY8zd+TZ2Jm3SfPOq43mbwdq+VGxDacWmTM55oY9N54ZtjGzlUnO3XY8d8ZhxgbGnjO3cWqRYMhhk+D5cJixjZnHTOLttmO5DUAtzIxteLTwP38m+efDYXuwFt45x3LnE9QikWAmzXPjcCJQi7Ehb0NN7gbCWt6YScucOZwM9EvhwxnHDuRuBGo5iNcv/OnPJN8cO2zbz394w4EPNXW5884fPvjgRwVuLejgMJg8QLR6IKgjRfEoGAWjYBSMEAAAmoZe5y07gjIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Al Baha University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rasha","middleName":"Khalid","lastName":"Abbas","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-18 09:08:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30536-x","type":"published","date":"2025-12-02T15:56:58+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89531193,"identity":"c7f2972f-b069-4d01-a664-8bb3c921b5f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":74183,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epulp extracts against Hela cell at different concentration.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/82f69ec3a682c569bb6ffd87.png"},{"id":89531196,"identity":"9e061bda-e521-489b-9317-832618eca33f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":78804,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e pulp extracts against HepG2 cell at different concentration.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/dd6fd1fb5b425160f1005c27.png"},{"id":89531195,"identity":"b4a661f4-9faa-4d9e-a244-a57e304a1e29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":79161,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e pulp extracts against A549 cell at different concentration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/e91f6daf9f03072f1f7aabbd.png"},{"id":89531207,"identity":"40c95a52-16e9-4e22-9ba3-9e95ca850fb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":77480,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epulp extracts against A431 cell at different concentration.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/94f6df117a66e217c23af67c.png"},{"id":89531206,"identity":"666c48ec-3776-4bff-aa15-0760d5d10b2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":68872,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epulp extracts against Pc3 cell at different concentration.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/8ebff1586c04866fd927d0ba.png"},{"id":89531611,"identity":"faa3969c-60ee-46c1-8d36-790eefd0e811","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:08:41","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75247,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdansonia\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edigitata\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epulp extracts against T47D cell at different concentration.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/745e47bb325a5279b209f463.png"},{"id":97723756,"identity":"afbb8c81-6fce-4600-958d-45c196f7b8bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:03:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1924701,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/c79d8e79-8adc-48d3-921e-0e2fabe2aed4.pdf"},{"id":89531205,"identity":"28cdc5d0-0cff-4fd0-8ab8-883db1ba18bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-21 04:00:41","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5841709,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7397839/v1/0a76ac8d7d4c8ccfe7230837.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Reduce the Risk of Microbial activity and Cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract, grown under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds, alkaloids, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenoids of plant parts are effective against the disease-causing agents, which have high efficacy and lower toxicity as compared to synthetic drugs \u003csup\u003e[1-3]\u003c/sup\u003e. Since they are presently recognized as therapeutically useful molecules, which can be potential alternatives for the development of anticancer drugs and antimicrobial\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;[4-5]\u003c/sup\u003e.The variability in agro-climatic conditions in Sudan is characterized it wide range of different crops can be grown throughout the year, one of these crops is\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e. Locally names \u0026ldquo; Gongolase , Tabldy, Baobab, monkey-bread tree, the dead-rat tree (owing to its fruit shape), is a large iconic tree, majestic sub-tropical tree belongs to the family Malvaceae, known multipurpose tree, that grows and originates in the sub-Sahara areas of Africa it found in Sudan, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Kenya\u003csup\u003e[6-13]\u003c/sup\u003e. All different part parts of Adansonia tree (roots, trunk, bark, leaves, pulp and seeds) beneficial to human used for therapeutic purposes such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-trypanosome activity, against stomachaches and diarrhea\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;[14-21]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e tree Have high nutritional value and unique flavor \u0026nbsp;Baobab leaves are good source of protein with essential amino acids vitamins (such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B6), minerals (such as calcium, iron, and potassium), dietary fibre, and as well as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids \u003csup\u003e[21-30]\u003c/sup\u003e. They also contain beneficial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to their potential health benefits. Baobab leaves used in the preparation of sauces, soups, stews, and other traditional dishes in Africa. They impart a tangy and slightly sour taste to the dishes, adding a unique flavor furthermore; baobab pulp extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;[30-35]\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe objective of this study:-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo identify the polyphenol of\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp by HPLC that have potent activity against microorganism and cancer cells\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant Material\u003c/strong\u003e: Mature fruits pulp of \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e collected from west Sudan, AI-Obiad (north Kourdoufan State), they authenticated in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants National Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan (Supplementary Material)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtraction and Preparation of Extracts \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe powder separated from seeds manually and crushed using mortar and pestle to coarse powder then macerated with 80%ethanol at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and evaporated using rotary evaporator and kept in a dry brown container at refrigerator until used. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography device.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003e Microorganisms:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, a conventional biochemical method used to identify the microorganism in the three separate laboratories according to standard microbiology techniques. The pathogenic were, \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eBacillus\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003esubtilis\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6633), \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eEscherichia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003ecoli\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 8739) and \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eSalmonella\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003etyphi\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6539, fungus \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eCandida\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003ealbicans\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 10221) and \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eniger\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 16888)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgar Well Diffusion \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emethod\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eIn this method used Nutrient agar for antibacterial activity and potato dextrose agar for antifungal activity, Agar well diffusion method is widely used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plants or microbial extracts, the agar plate surface was inoculated by spreading a volume of the microbial inoculum over the entire agar surface. Then, a hole with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm punched aseptically with a sterile cork borer or a tip, and a volume (20\u0026ndash;100mL) of the antimicrobial agent or extract solution at desired concentration. Then, agar plates incubated under suitable conditions depending upon the test microorganism. the antimicrobial agent diffuses in the agar medium and inhibits the growth of the microbial strain tested\u003csup\u003e [35-38]\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eDetermination of sample cytotoxicity on cells (MTT protocol) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTo develop a complete monolayer sheet inoculated the 96 well tissue culture plate with 1 X 10\u003csup\u003e5 \u003c/sup\u003ecells / ml (100 ul / well) and incubated at 37\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eC for 24 hours. Growth medium was decanted from 96 well microliter plates after a confluent sheet of cells were formed, cell monolayer was washed twice. Two-fold dilutions of the tested sample were made in RPMI medium with 2% serum 0.1 ml of each dilution was tested in different wells leaving three wells as control; Plate was incubated at 37\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eC and examined. Cells checked for any physical signs of toxicity, e.g. partial or complete loss of the monolayer, rounding, shrinkage, or cell granulation. MTT solution was prepared (5mg/ml in PBS) (BIO BASIC CANADA INC). 20ul MTT solution added to each well. Place on a shaking table, 150rpm for 5 minutes, to mix thoroughly the MTT into the media. Incubate (37C, 5% CO2) for 4 hours to allow the MTT to be metabolized. Dump off the media. Suspend Formosan (MTT metabolic product) in 200ul DMSO. Place on a shaking table, 150rpm for 5 minutes, to mix thoroughly the Formosan into the solvent. Read optical density at 560nm and subtract background at 620nm. Optical density should be directly correlated with cell quantity\u003csup\u003e [39]\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinitab version 17 software used to analyze all data. The mean and Standard deviation were calculated. Regression analysis used to evaluate the significant difference. A linear regression equation was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 from the linear part of the sigmoid curve in order to analyze cell viability, i.e. y = mx + c, y = 50, M and C values were derived from the viability graph. R 2 values \u0026ge; 0.95 were considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHPLC conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Supplementary Material)Using an Agilent 1260 series for HPLC analysis. Using Zorbax Eclipse plus C8 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm i.d., 5 \u0026mu;m) for the separation. The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate 0.9 ml/min. The programmed mobile phase was consecutively in a linear gradient as follows: 0 min (82% A); 0\u0026ndash;1 min (82% A); 1-11 min (75% A); 11-18 min (60% A); 18-22 min (82% A); 22-24 min (82% A). The multi-wavelength detector monitored at 280 nm. The volume for injection was five \u0026mu;l for each of the sample solutions. The temperature of the column at 40 \u0026deg;C. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eTable1 and (Supplementary Material). showed the Polyphenol constituents of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extract contained 18 compounds, 4 of them were major compound Ellagic acid (8.3624%), Coumaric acid (8.8411%), Rosmarinic acid (7.3747%), Cinnamic acid (8.5964%) these results agree with those who said that the primary bioactive constituents found in \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ehave antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardio protective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activity\u003csup\u003e[31,38]\u003c/sup\u003e. Table 2. showed that moderate \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eInhibitions zones of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eethanoic\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against pathogenic bacteria (\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eBacillus\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003esubtilis\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6633), \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eEscherichia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003ecoli\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 8739) and \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eSalmonella\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003etyphi\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6539).)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e with an inhibition diameter of 25\u0026plusmn;0.1 mm, 23\u0026plusmn;0.1mm and 26\u0026plusmn;0.2mm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003erespectively, compare with antibiotic \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eGentamicin\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e inhibition \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ezones\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e diameter to above pathogenic bacteria were 28\u0026plusmn;0.2mm, 32\u0026plusmn;0.1mm and 29\u0026plusmn;0.2mm respectively, as well as fungi \u003cem\u003e(Candida\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003ealbicans\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 10221) and \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAspergillus\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eniger\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 16888)) 21\u0026plusmn;0.2mm and 11\u0026plusmn;0.1mm respectively compare with antibiotic \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003efluconazole\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e, inhibition diameter 26\u0026plusmn;0.2mm and 27\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003emm \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003erespectively. (Supplementary Material) showed \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eInhibitions zones (in mm) by Adansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003edigitata\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eethanoic\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against pathogenic bacteria (\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eBacillus\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003esubtilis\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6633), \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eEscherichia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003ecoli\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 8739), \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eSalmonella\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003etyphi\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 6539) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003erespectively\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e(Supplementary Material)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e. showed the inhibitions zones (in mm) by \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eethanoic\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against fungi\u003cem\u003e Candida albicans (ATCC 10221)\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAspergillus\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eniger\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 16888) respectively, these finding are in agreement with that previously studies\u003csup\u003e [2,12]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eTable 3, in addition figure1 showed the cytotoxicity of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eagainst Hela\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line (cervical cancer) at different concentrations, the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition was 104.45 \u0026plusmn; 1.67, (Supplementary Material) Hela cell Control, (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against Hela\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed an excellent cytotoxicity at highest concentration 1000,500 and 250 ug/ml this due to widely distributed polyphenols in plants that possess anti-inflammatory and anticancer these finding are in agreement with that previously studies\u003csup\u003e[39-43]\u003c/sup\u003e. Table 4 and figure2. Showed the cytotoxicity of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003epulp extract against HepG2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e(a human liver cancer)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e at different concentrations found the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition) 205.66 \u0026plusmn; 5.11(Supplementary Material) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eHepG2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell Control (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eHepG2 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), found cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml that main the plant contain beneficial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to their potential health benefits these results agree with those studies\u003csup\u003e[44-47]. \u003c/sup\u003eTable 5. In addition, Figure3 found that the cytotoxicity of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003epulp extract were conducted using \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA549 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e(lung cancer)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e at different concentrations found the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition) 239.75 \u0026plusmn; 2.32. (Supplementary Material) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA549\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell Control. (Supplementary Material) showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA549 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies\u003csup\u003e[46-47]\u003c/sup\u003e.Table 6 and figure 4. Showed the cytotoxicity of the pulp of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e were conducted using \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA431 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e(cells \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eepidermis carcinoma\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e at different concentrations, the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition) 327.82 \u0026plusmn; 0.61. (Supplementary Material) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA431\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA431 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies\u003csup\u003e [46-47]\u003c/sup\u003e.Table 7 and figure 5. Showed that the cytotoxicity of the pulp of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e were conducted using \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ePc3 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eprostate cancer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e at different concentrations, the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition) 166.99 \u0026plusmn; 2.15. (Supplementary Material) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ePc3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ePc3 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), showed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000,500 and 250 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies\u003csup\u003e[47]..\u003c/sup\u003eTable 8 and figure 6 showed the cytotoxicity of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003epulp were conducted using \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eT47D cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e line (human breast cancer\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentrations, the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (50% growth inhibition) 246.07 \u0026plusmn; 4.97(Supplementary Material) \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eT47D\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e cell Control. (Supplementary Material) Showed the effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eT47D cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e (1000, 500, 250,125, 62.5 and 31.25 ug/ml), the pulp of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eshowed cytotoxicity at high concentration 1000 and 500 ug/ml these finding are in agreement with that previously reported studies\u003csup\u003e[45-47]\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis work comes to conclude that the \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAdansonia digitation\u003c/span\u003e pulp extracts contain polyphenol compound have potent activity against pathogenic microorganism \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eBacillus subtilis\u003c/span\u003e (ATCC 6633), \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/span\u003e (ATCC 8739), \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSalmonella typhi\u003c/span\u003e (ATCC 6539), fungi \u003cem\u003eCandida albicans\u003c/em\u003e (ATCC 10221), \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAspergillus niger\u003c/span\u003e ATCC 16888) compare with antibiotic for bacteria (Gentamicin) and for fungi (Fluconazole), also have high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell line such as Hela (The line is derived from cervical cancer), Hep G2 (a human liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer), A-431 (cells epidermis carcinoma), PC3 (a human prostate cancer) and T-47D (human breast cancer cell line). I hope that the research will encourage researcher to do more research to utilization of \u003cspan type=\"ItalicUnderline\" class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eAdansonia digitata\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eHPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Hela: cervical cancer\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eHep G2: a human liver cancer\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eA549: lung cancer. A-431: cells epidermis carcinoma. PC3: a human prostate cancer. T-47D: human breast cancer. \u0026nbsp;MTT: (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) is used to assess cell viability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to express their deepest thanks to the laboratories of Chemistry\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnd Microbial products \u0026ldquo;National Research Centre- Cairo- Egypt.\u0026rdquo; for their help in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalyzing the samples.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have already included all data in the manuscript collected from west Sudan, AI-Obiad (north Kourdoufan State and analyzed in National Research Centre- Cairo- Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly one author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDual publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthorship\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe corresponding author has read the journal policies and submit this manuscript in accordance with those policies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor details\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, AL-Baha University Saudi Arabia. P.O. Box 65931. AL-Baha city. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1. V.G. Georgiev, J. Weber, E.M. Kneschke Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of African baobab (\u003c/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e L.) pulp and seeds extracts Europ. Food Res. Technol., 243 (12) (2017), pp. 2283-2293.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbere, M., Yilma, Z., Tsegie, T., Eshete, A., \u0026amp; Alemu, A. (2023). 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Foods, 10(4), 716.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMusyoki, J.-K., Kaigongi, M.-M., Uchi, S.-M., Kiama, S.-M., Githiomi, J., Muthike, G.-M., Luvanda, A.-M. (2022), Distribution and population status of \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e L. (baobab) and its contribution to livelihood in Makueni County, Kenya, Trees, Forests and People, 8, 9p, 100270.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWan JN, Wang SW, Leitch AR, Leitch IJ, Wu ZY, Xin HP, et al. The rise of baobab trees in Madagascar. Nat. 2024;629(8014):1091\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSakr SS, Mohamed SH, Ali AA, et al.: Nutritional, physicochemical, microstructural, rheological, and organoleptical characteristics of ice cream incorporating \u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e pulp flour. Foods. 2023, 12:533. 10.3390/foods12030533\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB. Owolodun, S. Merten, Food security from the forest: the case of the commodification of baobab fruit (\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e L.) in Boundou Region, Senegal, Land 12 (7) (2023) 1423, https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071423.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eS. Monteiro, J. Dias, V. Louren\u0026ccedil;o, A. Partid\u0026acute; ario, M. Lageiro, C. Lampreia, J. Fernandes, F. Lidon, F. Reboredo, N. Alvarenga, Development of a functional dark chocolate with baobab pulp, Foods 12 (8) (2023), https://doi.org/10.3390/ foods12081711.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eS. Dossa, M. Negrea, I. Cocan, A. Berbecea, D. Obistioiu, C. Dragomir, E. Alexa, A. Rivis, Nutritional, physico-chemical, phytochemical, and rheological characteristics of composite flour substituted by baobab pulp flour (Adansonia digitata L.) for bread making, Foods 12 (14) (2023), https://doi.org/10.3390/ foods12142697.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eH. Bougatef\u003cem\u003e et al.\u003c/em\u003ePolysaccharides from baobab (\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e) fruit pulp: Structural features and biological properties South African Journal of Botany (2023)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eS. Magaldia, S. Mata-Essayaga\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e*, C. Hartung de Caprilesa, C. Pereza,M.T. Colella a, Carolina Olaizolaa, Yudith Ontiverosb: Well diffusion for antifungal susceptibility testing. International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2004) 8, 39\u0026mdash;45\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEspinel-Ingroff A, Arthington-Skaggs B, et al. Muticenter evaluation of a new disk agar diffusion method for susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi with voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin. Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:1811\u0026ndash;20.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEspinel-Ingroff A, Canton, E, Fothergill, A, et al.: Quality control guidelines for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole disk diffusion susceptibility tests with non-supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar (M51-A document) for nondermatophyte filamentous fungi. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:2568\u0026ndash;71.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). 2002. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003e37. van de Loosdrecht, A.A., et al. J. Immunol. Methods1994: 174: 311-320. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagashi AM, Abdulmalik U. GC-MS and HPLC analysis of crude extracts of stem bark of \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e. bayero j. pure appl. sci. 2017; 10:155-161.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFu Y, Zou T, Shen X, Nelson PJ, Li J, Wu C, Yang J, Zheng Y, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin L, Dong Q. Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. Med Comm 2021; 2(1):27-59.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTseteghoSokeng AJ, Sobolev AP, Di Lorenzo A, Xiao J, Mannina L, Capitani D, Daglia M. Metabolite characterization of powdered fruits and leaves from \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e L. (baobab): a multi-methodological approach. Food Chem. 2019; 272:93-108.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVo TK, Ta QTH, Chu QT, Nguyen TT, Vo VG. Anti-Hepatocellular-Cancer Activity Exerted by \u0026beta;-Sitosterol and \u0026beta;-Sitosterol-Glucoside from Indigoferazollingeriana Miq. Molecules. 2020; 25(13):3021.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMohammed B. Suliman* and Sanadelaslam El-Hddad Characterization of Chemical Constituents of Adansonia digitata L. using GC-MS and LC-MS/QTOF and their In Vitro Anti-cervical Cancer Effects Mohammed B. Suliman* and Sanadelaslam El-Hddad Trop J Nat Prod Res, June 2023; 7(6):3191-3197.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSharma, Shikha; Shukla, Vinay Janardan, Similarity and docking analysis of bioactive compounds from \u003cem\u003eAdansonia digitata\u003c/em\u003e L. against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor\u0026mdash;An \u003cem\u003ein silico\u003c/em\u003e approach, \u003cem\u003eJournal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences \u003c/em\u003e8(1):p 55-64, Jan\u0026ndash;Mar 2023. | \u003cem\u003eDOI: \u003c/em\u003e10.4103/jdras.jdras_60_21\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRouamba et al., IJPSR, 2022; Vol. 13(7): 2944-2950. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF FRUITS PULP EXTRACTS FROM ADANSONIA DIGITATA L. (BOMBACACEAE) AND ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAM. (RHAMNACEAE).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuiam Salah Eldeen IzzEldeenAbdAlaziz 1and Mona A M Mageed, Photochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Adansonia digitataL. Seeds Ethanol Extract, Excellence Journal for Medical Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, Dec 2019.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM. A. Awad , K. M. O. Ortashi , A. Hagmusa , B. Hagmusa , E. M. Ibrahim , G. Al-Sowygh , H. Al-Shehri5 and R. Ramadan, Comparative analysis \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e nanoparticle and encapsulation: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer assessment, Journal of Animal \u0026amp; Plant Sciences, 35(1): 2025, Page: 49-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBello, O.K., Oloyede, H.O.B., Salawu, M.O. and Yakubu, M.T. Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius Leaves-based Diet on Gamma-irradiation induced Genotoxicity and p53 Damage in Cellular System of Rats, Nig. J. Pure \u0026amp; Appl. Sci. Vol. 36 (Issue 2, 2023) : 4607-4623.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Polyphenol constituents of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e pulp extract\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e identified by HPLC. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Poly phenol compound\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRet. Time\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eGallic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e3.572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e3.6540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eChlorogenic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e5.7638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eCatechin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.8432\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eMethyl gallate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e5.413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.2906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eCoffeic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e5.823\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e3.2464\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eSyringic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e6.313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.2625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eRutin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e6.722\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e6.0454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eEllagic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e7.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e8.3624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eCoumaric acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e8.542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e8.8411\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eVanillin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e8.967\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e5.1506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eFerulic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e9.574\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e5.2579\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eNaringenin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e10.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.9199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eRosmarinic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e11.610\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e7.3747\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eDaidzein\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e15.792\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.7034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eQuerectin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e17.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.4204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eCinnamic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e19.112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e8.5964\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eKaempferol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e20.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e4.1067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eHesperetin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e21.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e6.1607\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 2. Inhibition zone (in mm) by\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extract\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"529\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003ePathogenic microorganism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eInhibition zone (in mm)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eBacillus subtilis\u0026nbsp;(ATCC 6633)\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e25\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e28\u0026plusmn;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eEscherichia coli (ATCC 8739)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e23\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e32\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eSalmonella typhi\u0026nbsp;(ATCC 6539)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e26\u0026plusmn;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e29\u0026plusmn;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eCandida albicans (ATCC 10221)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e21\u0026plusmn;0.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e26\u0026plusmn;0.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAspergillus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eniger\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 16888\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 303px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e11\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e27\u0026plusmn;0.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e* NA : \u0026nbsp; No activity\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e* Control for Bacteria was Gentamicin and for fungi was Fluconazole.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Effect of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;against\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHela cell\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eat different concentration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"644\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eHela\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.663\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.658\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.656\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.659\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002082\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.017\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.018333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.000882\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e2.781992919\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e97.21800708\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e104.45 \u0026plusmn; 1.67\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.022\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e2.984319676\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e97.01568032\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.000333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e2.933737987\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e97.06626201\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.197\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.224\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.213667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.008413\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e32.42286292\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e67.57713708\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e62.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.626\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.619\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.631\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.625333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.00348\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e94.89124937\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e5.108750632\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e31.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.658\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.657\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.658\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.657667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.000333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.79767324\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.202326758\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4. Effect of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003eAdansonia\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;against HepG2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;cell\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eat different concentration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"664\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eHepG2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e--------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.747\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.749\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.745\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.747\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001155\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.033\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.028\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.028333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002603\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e3.792949576\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e96.20705042\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e205.66 \u0026plusmn; 5.11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.074\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.052\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.044\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.056667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.008969\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e7.585899152\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e92.41410085\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.274\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.263\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.259\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.010017\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e34.67202142\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e65.32797858\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.563\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.598\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.586\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.582333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.010269\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e77.95626952\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e22.04373048\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e62.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.736\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.741\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.735\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.737333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001856\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e98.70593485\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1.294065149\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e31.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.745\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.748\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.744\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.745667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.82150826\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.178491745\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eTable 5.Effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA549 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"664\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA549\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e--------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.65\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.646\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.642\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.646\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002309\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eUg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.034\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.031\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.028\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.031\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001732\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e4.79876161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e95.20123839\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e239.75 \u0026plusmn; 2.32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.084\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.099\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.075\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.086\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e13.3126935\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e86.6873065\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.294\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.307\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.300333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.003756\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e46.49122807\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e53.50877193\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.556\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.537\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.551\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.007095\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e85.29411765\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e14.70588235\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e62.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.651\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.643\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.644\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.646\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002517\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e31.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.649\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.644\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.645\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.646\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001528\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eTable 6.Effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA431 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"664\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; ID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eA431\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e--------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.734\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.731\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.737\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.734\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001732\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eUg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.034\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.028\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.030667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001764\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e4.178019982\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e95.82198002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e327.82 \u0026plusmn; 0.61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.116\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.103\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.118\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.112333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.004702\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e15.30426885\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e84.69573115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.438\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.441\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.443\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.003606\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e60.35422343\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e39.64577657\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.716\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.725\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.720333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002603\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e98.13805631\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1.861943688\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e62.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.733\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.727\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.725\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.728333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002404\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.22797457\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.772025431\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e31.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.732\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.736\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.732667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001764\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.81834696\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.181653043\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7.Effect of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ePc3 cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"664\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003ePc3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e--------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.549\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.545\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.548\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001528\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eUg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.019667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.000333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e3.588807786\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e96.41119221\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e166.99 \u0026plusmn; 2.15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.023\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.026\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.024333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.000882\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e4.440389294\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e95.55961071\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.045\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.038\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.049\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.044\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.003215\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e8.02919708\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e91.97080292\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.418\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.396\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.402\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.405333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.006566\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e73.96593674\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e26.03406326\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e62.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.545\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.538\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.552\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.545\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.004041\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.45255474\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.547445255\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e31.25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.549\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.551\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.542\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.547333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002728\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e99.8783455\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.121654501\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eTable 8. Effect of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e against \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eT47D cell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eat different concentration. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"\" dir=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"652\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eug/ml\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eO.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eMean O.D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;SE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eViability %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eToxicity %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eIC50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026plusmn; SD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eT47D\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e-------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.765\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.763\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.767\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.765\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001155\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.739\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eUg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003eAdansonia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003cu\u003edigitata\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/em\u003e pulp extracts\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e1000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.029\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.025\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.025\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.002309\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e3.267973856\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e96.73202614\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e246.07 \u0026plusmn; 4.97\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.028\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.027\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.026333\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.001202\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e3.442265795\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e96.5577342\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e250\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.358\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.385\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.366\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.369667\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0.008007\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan 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dir=\"\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Adansonia digitata, HPLC, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888), Antibiotics Gentamicin, Fluconazole: cancer cell line Hela, Hep G2, A549, A-431, Pc3, T-47D","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e-\u003c/em\u003eSudan is rich country for natural products like \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e is locally name Gongolase and Tabldy, this plant has gained an interest for study because have many therapeutic benefits and low side effects and have high demand in the world market and is expected tobe replace chemical products. Plant pulp extracts contain chemical constituents such as polyphenol, which are responsible for Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity. The current studied investigates of the edible parts of \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e ethanoic pulp extract against bacteria, fungi and anticancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology\u003c/strong\u003e:- HPLC used to identify the polyphenol compound, agar well diffusion method used to estimate the antimicrobial activity and to estimate anticancer of pulp edible parts of \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003eused MTT protocol.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e:- Polyphenol constituents of \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdansonia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003edigitata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e pulp extracts was examined by HPLC contained 18 compounds have antimicrobial activity to pathogenic bacteria (\u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacillus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003esubtilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e (ATCC 6633), \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003ecoli\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e (ATCC 8739), \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003etyphi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e (ATCC 6539), fungi \u003cem\u003eCandida\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003ealbicans\u003c/em\u003e(ATCC 10221), \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e\u003cem\u003eniger\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/u\u003e ATCC 16888) compare with antibiotic for bacteria (Gentamicin) and for fungi (Fluconazole), also have high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell line such as Hela (The line is derived from cervical cancer), Hep G2 (a human liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer), A-431 (cells epidermis carcinoma), PC3 (a human prostate cancer) and T-47D (human breast cancer cell line).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Reduce the Risk of Microbial activity and Cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract, grown under the Semi-Arid Conditions of Sudan","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-21 04:00:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7397839/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-20T09:14:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-20T09:03:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-19T05:19:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-08-18T09:04:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f375eb48-24be-4f35-8e7e-d39c985fb478","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":53478103,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology"},{"id":53478104,"name":"Biological sciences/Cancer"},{"id":53478105,"name":"Biological sciences/Drug discovery"},{"id":53478106,"name":"Biological sciences/Microbiology"},{"id":53478107,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T15:59:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7397839","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30536-x","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-02 15:56:58","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 2nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-21 04:00:36","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-30536-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30536-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7397839","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7397839","identity":"rs-7397839","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}