Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system

Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system Deepak Kumar Singh, B B Tiwari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Mar, 2023 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A less-complex and efficient time-hysteresis (TH)-switching algorithm assisted hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/millimeter wave (mm)-radio frequency (RF) system is presented in the paper. For improving the long-haul communication efficiency we blend a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme in the proposed hybrid FSO/RF system along with maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) at receiver end for signal reconstruction.TH-switching is utilized for link transient between FSO and RF links. The exact closed-form expressions for average symbol-error-rate (ASER) and outage-probability (OP) have been derived for the performance evaluation of the system. We also present asymptotic-analysis of the ASER and OP with lower computational-complexity of the proposed system and obtain the diversity-order. To achieve target-SER value for the proposed TH-switching, the optimum-threshold-SNR value has been obtained numerically. It is observed that the proposed switching technique assisted selective-DF-relaying scheme based hybrid system along with MRC outperforms a cooperative single-FSO system as well as single-hop (SH) switching-assisted hybrid system on account of diversity as well as switching technique benefits. The proposed hybrid system achieves SER of 10 − 7 in the lower SNR regimes. Selective decode-and-forward relaying Time-hysteresis-switching Optimum-threshold Maximal ratio combining Hybrid FSO/RF Gamma-Gamma distribution Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Mar, 2023 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2106074","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":140358132,"identity":"5687aab8-3e91-4325-b8fb-c4411f5a3963","order_by":0,"name":"Deepak Kumar Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"VBS Purvanchal University Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deepak","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":140358133,"identity":"563be3a0-c44b-4483-8143-5f03f471c456","order_by":1,"name":"B B Tiwari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"VBS Purvanchal University Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"B","middleName":"B","lastName":"Tiwari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-09-26 20:44:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04606-1","type":"published","date":"2023-04-01T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":27277409,"identity":"100a29eb-4ca2-46c6-ab30-06d3897a7f79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-03 14:39:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":857496,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"HybridFSORFPhotonicNetworkCommunications.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2106074/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-2106074/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Selective decode-and-forward relaying, Time-hysteresis-switching, Optimum-threshold, Maximal ratio combining, Hybrid FSO/RF, Gamma-Gamma distribution","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA less-complex and efficient time-hysteresis (TH)-switching algorithm assisted hybrid free-space optics (FSO)/millimeter wave (mm)-radio frequency (RF) system is presented in the paper. For improving the long-haul communication efficiency we blend a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme in the proposed hybrid FSO/RF system along with maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) at receiver end for signal reconstruction.TH-switching is utilized for link transient between FSO and RF links. The exact closed-form expressions for average symbol-error-rate (ASER) and outage-probability (OP) have been derived for the performance evaluation of the system. We also present asymptotic-analysis of the ASER and OP with lower computational-complexity of the proposed system and obtain the diversity-order. To achieve target-SER value for the proposed TH-switching, the optimum-threshold-SNR value has been obtained numerically. It is observed that the proposed switching technique assisted selective-DF-relaying scheme based hybrid system along with MRC outperforms a cooperative single-FSO system as well as single-hop (SH) switching-assisted hybrid system on account of diversity as well as switching technique benefits. The proposed hybrid system achieves SER of 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/sup\u003e in the lower SNR regimes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Time hysteresis-switching algorithm assisted dual-hop relaying for hybrid FSO/RF system","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-10-03 14:34:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2106074/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8cf04fc6-7178-4a37-92c9-50b6d472df06","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 3rd, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-07-05T17:06:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2106074","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04606-1","journal":{"identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics"},"publishedOn":"2023-04-01 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 1st, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-10-03 14:34:46","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11082-023-04606-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04606-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2106074","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2106074","identity":"rs-2106074","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}