Harnessing Polyphenols From Pulp Industry Residues of Juvenile Eucalyptus Wood: Potential for Adhesive Applications

Harnessing Polyphenols From Pulp Industry Residues of Juvenile Eucalyptus Wood: Potential for Adhesive Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Harnessing Polyphenols From Pulp Industry Residues of Juvenile Eucalyptus Wood: Potential for Adhesive Applications Lucía Xavier, Rodrigo Coniglio, Fabián Bermúdez, Diego Passarella, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Bioresources and Bioprocessing → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Approximately 1-2% of the wood processed for pulp production is converted into sawdust and pinchips, which are commonly burned for energy in industries that already produce excess power. This material, juvenile wood only containing sapwood, poses challenges for its valorization. This study explores the extraction of polyphenols from Eucalyptus wood residues generated by a pulp industry in Uruguay, aiming to evaluate their suitability as partial replacements in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. Using solid-liquid extraction with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite, the extractions conditions were optimized through an experimental design considering sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite charges, along with temperature as variables. The extracts were characterized based on phenolic content, condensed tannins content, antioxidant activity, and Stiasny number, to assess the adhesive potential. Adhesives formulated with 10%, 20%, and 30% PF resin substitution demonstrated a progressive reduction in tensile shear strength, with the 10% substitution achieving acceptable strength. While higher substitution levels compromised adhesive performance, the results suggest that formulation adjustments may improve performance at moderate substitution ratios. Furthermore, the high antioxidant content of the extracts suggests an additional valorization pathway for these compounds beyond adhesives. Eucalyptus polyphenols adhesives valorization biorefineries Full Text Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.png Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Bioresources and Bioprocessing → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6171813","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":430780031,"identity":"0e4c7ea9-bcf7-4f04-98a1-7a5bd382cd46","order_by":0,"name":"Lucía Xavier","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de la Republica Uruguay","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lucía","middleName":"","lastName":"Xavier","suffix":""},{"id":430780032,"identity":"30d17a40-baf6-44d6-8bd8-a8a91915129d","order_by":1,"name":"Rodrigo Coniglio","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de la Republica Uruguay","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rodrigo","middleName":"","lastName":"Coniglio","suffix":""},{"id":430780033,"identity":"d0da0fcf-57d0-452b-8238-93b777f876be","order_by":2,"name":"Fabián Bermúdez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de la Republica Uruguay","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fabián","middleName":"","lastName":"Bermúdez","suffix":""},{"id":430780034,"identity":"ba1254fc-da81-4162-863f-0a98d42b0ebb","order_by":3,"name":"Diego Passarella","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de la Republica Uruguay","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diego","middleName":"","lastName":"Passarella","suffix":""},{"id":430780035,"identity":"9ece3e8e-4e13-4e59-99b8-b74e25be0be1","order_by":4,"name":"Leonardo Clavijo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIie3OPQrCMBTA8Rci6RLsmuLHGQIB6SCexSA4Cy4ODpVC3Jz1FhXBWSnEK7iJi3NBBwVB0+pc4yaY//Agj/xIAFyuH6wKOALgBHy8jfIFij4RUtwxJFDyK2LiuguWxNtOznRQbQqN1fEC7UayoS1WSqiMa5QT0dJoKurQF58JQ1Ew50SuDxNVY5BKGxLfcrJSKCcPK6JYZkhCkAoy2FgQKlVoiGDavAK8JxYpGYZlxPfSdN+966avvFNwHXUas1283JeRd7qYmPJ8QqX0Y+/GxUTX1wlnFsTlcrn+pyfcukK85gWzrgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-6531","institution":"Universidad de la Republica Uruguay","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leonardo","middleName":"","lastName":"Clavijo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-06 15:12:43","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00914-4","type":"published","date":"2025-07-11T15:56:53+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86699235,"identity":"e1f731b0-67ad-46ab-a6e1-4f83eaf2d081","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-14 16:03:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":800304,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticlePolyphenols2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6171813/v1_covered_907dd63e-6c35-46e2-acfa-22133a242e8f.pdf"},{"id":78896090,"identity":"c6755e80-aea2-498d-9263-917f415c53b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 12:27:06","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":884090,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6171813/v1/874d304184d80383ad972e8a.png"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eHarnessing Polyphenols From Pulp Industry Residues of Juvenile Eucalyptus Wood: Potential for Adhesive Applications\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bioresources-and-bioprocessing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"biob","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bioresources and Bioprocessing](http://bioresourcesbioprocessing.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/biob/default.aspx","title":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Eucalyptus, polyphenols, adhesives, valorization, biorefineries","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Approximately 1-2% of the wood processed for pulp production is converted into sawdust and pinchips, which are commonly burned for energy in industries that already produce excess power. This material, juvenile wood only containing sapwood, poses challenges for its valorization. This study explores the extraction of polyphenols from Eucalyptus wood residues generated by a pulp industry in Uruguay, aiming to evaluate their suitability as partial replacements in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. Using solid-liquid extraction with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite, the extractions conditions were optimized through an experimental design considering sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite charges, along with temperature as variables. The extracts were characterized based on phenolic content, condensed tannins content, antioxidant activity, and Stiasny number, to assess the adhesive potential. Adhesives formulated with 10%, 20%, and 30% PF resin substitution demonstrated a progressive reduction in tensile shear strength, with the 10% substitution achieving acceptable strength. While higher substitution levels compromised adhesive performance, the results suggest that formulation adjustments may improve performance at moderate substitution ratios. Furthermore, the high antioxidant content of the extracts suggests an additional valorization pathway for these compounds beyond adhesives.","manuscriptTitle":"Harnessing Polyphenols From Pulp Industry Residues of Juvenile Eucalyptus Wood: Potential for Adhesive Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-20 12:27:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6171813/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T22:00:26+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-19T03:21:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-14T13:27:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","date":"2025-03-12T13:18:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bioresources-and-bioprocessing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"biob","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bioresources and Bioprocessing](http://bioresourcesbioprocessing.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/biob/default.aspx","title":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f59ba467-fd65-45c4-b7aa-7fed5240ec38","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-14T15:58:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6171813","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00914-4","journal":{"identity":"bioresources-and-bioprocessing","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-11 15:56:53","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 11th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-20 12:27:01","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00914-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00914-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6171813","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6171813","identity":"rs-6171813","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}