A Low-Complexity M-Shaped Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface for Mitigating Pathloss in Wireless Systems

A Low-Complexity M-Shaped Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface for Mitigating Pathloss in Wireless Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Low-Complexity M-Shaped Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface for Mitigating Pathloss in Wireless Systems Maira Khafagy, Sherief Fathi, Ahmed Magdy This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6335926/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The 6G wireless communication systems demand innovative solutions to overcome severe path loss challenges, especially in mm-wave applications. This paper introduces a low-complexity, M-shaped Reconfigurable Intelligent Meta-surface (LCM-RIM) designed for indoor applications, such as wall-mounted installations in office environments. Our proposed design employs a compact 1-bit meta-surface, realized as a 32 × 32 unit cell array with 1024 phase shift states operating at 24.12 GHz, ensuring an optimal size of 0.5 λ for effective signal conveyance and optimized signal reflection and coverage. We integrate AlGaAs PIN diodes for control, which mitigate mm-wave signal attenuation. This work presents an improved path loss model for RIM-aided wireless communications, including electromagnetic factors such as LCM-RIM unit cell gain patterns and effective received power. A MATLAB-based model is presented to validate the LCM-RIM design for indoor 6G communications, demonstrating that the M-shaped meta-surface can enhance mmWave signals by approximately 15dB. This result offers a more accurate performance evaluation of RIM-assisted in 6G networks. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Path loss meta-surfaces mm-wave 6G indoor application Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 14 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 10 Apr, 2025 Editor invited by journal 10 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6335926","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":436114589,"identity":"47c0ad11-87cb-4135-97b4-d034462b3205","order_by":0,"name":"Maira Khafagy","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"American University in Cairo","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maira","middleName":"","lastName":"Khafagy","suffix":""},{"id":436114590,"identity":"a47fa3bd-125a-44a2-888e-2e202ea77e42","order_by":1,"name":"Sherief Fathi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Suez Canal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sherief","middleName":"","lastName":"Fathi","suffix":""},{"id":436114591,"identity":"699bf4bf-4ea7-4de9-8a65-6ce13e036552","order_by":2,"name":"Ahmed Magdy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Suez Canal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmed","middleName":"","lastName":"Magdy","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-29 21:23:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6335926/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6335926/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09741-1","type":"published","date":"2025-07-08T15:57:59+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80140214,"identity":"d688c866-b0ba-45ab-a9b2-7b199bb0d577","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-08 11:15:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3869665,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ALowComplexityMShapedReconfigurable.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6335926/v1_covered_b43385eb-a1eb-4163-ae52-19bbf2bda45f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Low-Complexity M-Shaped Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface for Mitigating Pathloss in Wireless Systems","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Path loss, meta-surfaces, mm-wave, 6G, indoor application","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6335926/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6335926/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":" The 6G wireless communication systems demand innovative solutions to overcome severe path loss challenges, especially in mm-wave applications. 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