ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS. QUESTIONS OF ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

Endometrial polyps are a fairly common type of pathological endometrial hyperplastic process, but the molecular and pathogenetic mechanism underlying their formation and progression remains unclear. However, today their development is explained by a change in the level of normally hormonal reception and secretion of women more often in the premenopausal period or a dysregulation of mitotic activity in endometrial cells. The aim of our study is to study the etiology and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps among women of different age groups using general scientific and morphological research methods. According to histological studies of biopsy samples (scrapings) from the uterine cavity, taken from the archive of the pathological anatomical department of the 442nd military district hospital named after Z.P. Soloviev for the period 2017-2019, revealed pathomorphological features of endometrial polyps among women of different age groups with metrorrhagia and associated pathologies: uterine fibroids, cervical canal polyps (of the same etiology), adenomyosis, infertility. More often, endometrial polyps are combined with uterine myoma (54%) and adenomyosis (43%), which emphasizes the similarity of premorbid background, the same clinical manifestations of diseases and their clinical and pathological features. The main factor in the development of endometrial polyps among women of reproductive age and the premenopausal period in age is a change in hormonal levels, namely, an increase in the secretion and reception of estrogen and a decrease in the reception and secretion of progesterone. And among postmenopausal women undergoing hormonal and antitumor therapy against the background of endometrial atrophy, the formation of endometrial polyps is associated with a change in the regulation of mitotic activity in endometrial cells, which is detected by the expression of Ki-67 protein.