Flapping Wing Energy Harvesting, Experiences with Modified Time Variations at high Re-Number

Flapping Wing Energy Harvesting, Experiences with Modified Time Variations at high Re-Number | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Flapping Wing Energy Harvesting, Experiences with Modified Time Variations at high Re-Number Wolfgang Geißler This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264333/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in CEAS Aeronautical Journal → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Wind energy converters with rotating blades are most common for energy harvesting. In special cases a system of flapping wings may be of interest where the wings are oscillating in combined flapping (plunging) and pitching modes respectively. Then the ratio of plunging and pitching amplitudes is of main concern: for animal flight the thrust production and its optimization as well as the sufficient lift force are important, for energy harvesting the maximum energy extraction from the oncoming flow and a minimized energy input into the system are of main importance. If one looks into the details of energy flows it is obvious that for animal flight the energy input via muscles is dominating whereas for energy harvesting main energy flow is transferred from the fluid into the oscillating system i.e., the direction of energy flow is reversed in both cases. With these fundamental aspects in mind, it is of interest to increase and optimize the energy input from the fluid. One important measure may be the modification of the time variation: usually the time varies harmonically within one period of oscillation. In the present paper modified time variations are investigated in detail. Phase variation between modes as well as dynamic deformation of the airfoil are of further concern and will be discussed in the present paper. Flapping wing aerodynamic optimization of energy harvesting variation of time functions Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in CEAS Aeronautical Journal → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4264333","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":291442425,"identity":"f9512fb3-9d2d-4bb3-b593-b0fc12fff9e0","order_by":0,"name":"Wolfgang Geißler","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFElEQVRIie2RsUoDQRCG5zi4NCvbTjAkr7BHQIVI8ip7BExjYZlCyC4Hl0asz9oX0De4ZUGbA1tBGzlInYDIFSHk9kDQYpeUgvtVU8zH/D8D4PH8SUKx/h4LgDOAjoibIXQogcx/KAhACna4Aq2C3K2wZynl5/X7WNB7peot9k/vqgc9h1HfqpRKpr2n1VTgiuujDIe9t4srVcJsaFNOXpNlhZGeApZMBwKT/PiSKQE6EXZFprgzysvaBFvk3bJVFi5FbjI9BnoDBYmQI5JW4bZgE9MluNU8woiZLnFOmi6CzWLble4yVbL+0hNKdbWpt+cD7OjHDzEfDWxXDCEBSDL8lYS5hOaZdRMQaOHe8ng8nv/LHpO0Y+tUg7ivAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wolfgang","middleName":"","lastName":"Geißler","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-14 09:14:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264333/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264333/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-024-00775-1","type":"published","date":"2024-10-24T15:58:11+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":67681986,"identity":"80aed0a4-e3f8-457b-a5e3-aedffbe3f577","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-28 16:12:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1555246,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paper.Geissler.10.4.2024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4264333/v1_covered_821d85bb-a1f0-4e87-9aa7-8bbec558a9ab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Flapping Wing Energy Harvesting, Experiences with Modified Time Variations at high Re-Number","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Flapping wing aerodynamic, optimization of energy harvesting, variation of time functions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264333/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264333/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWind energy converters with rotating blades are most common for energy harvesting. In special cases a system of flapping wings may be of interest where the wings are oscillating in combined flapping (plunging) and pitching modes respectively. Then the ratio of plunging and pitching amplitudes is of main concern: for animal flight the thrust production and its optimization as well as the sufficient lift force are important, for energy harvesting the maximum energy extraction from the oncoming flow and a minimized energy input into the system are of main importance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf one looks into the details of energy flows it is obvious that for animal flight the energy input via muscles is dominating whereas for energy harvesting main energy flow is transferred from the fluid into the oscillating system i.e., the direction of energy flow is reversed in both cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith these fundamental aspects in mind, it is of interest to increase and optimize the energy input from the fluid. 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