Multi-stage Black-Start Strategy for Pure New Energy Power Grid Based on Grid-Forming Energy Systems

Multi-stage Black-Start Strategy for Pure New Energy Power Grid Based on Grid-Forming Energy Systems | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Multi-stage Black-Start Strategy for Pure New Energy Power Grid Based on Grid-Forming Energy Systems Ying Wang, Junbo Fu, Shuanbao Niu, Yonggang Liu, Meng Wang, Penghan Li, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6964544/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The current development trend in the power sector is the utilization of grid-forming energy systems (GF-ESs) in renewable energy black-start. Potential issues when utilizing GF-ESs as power sources for black-start include significant voltage fluctuations, imbalanced state of charge (SOC) among energy storage units, and substantial grid connection impacts. Hence, this study proposes three key solutions: first, an improved V/f control strategy is developed to rapidly smooth drastic voltage variations caused by wind power during the initial black-start phase. Second, an SOC control method for GF-ESs is introduced to modify active power droop coefficients to enable real-time adjustments of power change rates based on current SOC statuses. This adjustment prevents SOC limit violations caused by an unreasonable power distribution among distributed energy storage units. Third, a virtual capacitor-based phase angle control method is proposed to mitigate grid connection impacts. Simulations were performed, and the results demonstrated that the proposed GF-ES strategy effectively suppresses voltage fluctuations, maintains balanced SOC statuses across distributed energy storage units, and improves the success rate of black-start operations in renewable energy grids. GF-ES renewable energy grid black start V/f control SOC balancing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6964544","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":485613197,"identity":"4cf47a7f-556b-441d-b9d4-6ba3791bc78e","order_by":0,"name":"Ying 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Potential issues when utilizing GF-ESs as power sources for black-start include significant voltage fluctuations, imbalanced state of charge (SOC) among energy storage units, and substantial grid connection impacts. Hence, this study proposes three key solutions: first, an improved V/f control strategy is developed to rapidly smooth drastic voltage variations caused by wind power during the initial black-start phase. Second, an SOC control method for GF-ESs is introduced to modify active power droop coefficients to enable real-time adjustments of power change rates based on current SOC statuses. This adjustment prevents SOC limit violations caused by an unreasonable power distribution among distributed energy storage units. Third, a virtual capacitor-based phase angle control method is proposed to mitigate grid connection impacts. 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