Advances in the Study of Pathological Histology and Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps

Aihua Dao, Chunhong Pan
In: Current Research in Medical Sciences · 2023 · vol. 2(4) , pp. 47–53 · doi:10.56397/crms.2023.12.06 · W4388433383
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This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathological histology, and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps to clarify their mechanisms and characteristics.

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This review paper summarizes what is known about the epidemiology, pathological histology, and proposed pathogenesis of endometrial polyps, which are common in women of reproductive age and are characterized by proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue within the endometrium. It describes typical morphology and clinical presentation, noting that irregular vaginal bleeding is a first manifestation and that endometrial polyps can be associated with infertility; it also cites an estimated prevalence of about 25.0% in the female population. The paper emphasizes that although hysteroscopy has improved knowledge and diagnosis, pathological examination remains the gold standard for final diagnosis, and it frames its purpose as guiding further research and treatment by clarifying mechanisms and characteristics. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age. They are formed by the proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue in a portion of the endometrium, resulting in the formation of a polyp-like mass that protrudes into the uterine cavity and varies in size and number. Typically, the body of the uterus is the site of implantation of these polyp-like growths, which are attached to the medial wall of the uterine cavity by a long, thin tip. Irregular vaginal bleeding is the first clinical manifestation of endometrial polyps, and it can often lead to infertility. Studies have shown that the prevalence of endometrial polyps in the female population is approximately 25.0%. With the widespread use of hysteroscopic techniques in clinical practice, knowledge and diagnosis of endometrial polyps have significantly improved. However, pathological examination remains the “gold standard” for final diagnosis in clinical practice. This article aims to review the epidemiology, pathological histology, and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps to reveal their mechanisms and characteristics more accurately and guide further clinical research and treatment. The relevant progress in recent years in this field, both domestically and internationally, is reviewed below.
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Advances in the Study of Pathological Histology and Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps Keywords: endometrial polyps, epidemiology, pathological histology, pathogenesis, research progressAbstract Endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age. They are formed by the proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue in a portion of the endometrium, resulting in the formation of a polyp-like mass that protrudes into the uterine cavity and varies in size and number. Typically, the body of the uterus is the site of implantation of these polyp-like growths, which are attached to the medial wall of the uterine cavity by a long, thin tip. Irregular vaginal bleeding is the first clinical manifestation of endometrial polyps, and it can often lead to infertility. Studies have shown that the prevalence of endometrial polyps in the female population is approximately 25.0%. With the widespread use of hysteroscopic techniques in clinical practice, knowledge and diagnosis of endometrial polyps have significantly improved. However, pathological examination remains the “gold standard” for final diagnosis in clinical practice. This article aims to review the epidemiology, pathological histology, and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps to reveal their mechanisms and characteristics more accurately and guide further clinical research and treatment. The relevant progress in recent years in this field, both domestically and internationally, is reviewed below.

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