Cool GTL SM for the Conversion of Biogas and CO2 to Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Cool GTL SM for the Conversion of Biogas and CO2 to Sustainable Aviation Fuel | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cool GTL SM for the Conversion of Biogas and CO2 to Sustainable Aviation Fuel Terry L. Marker, pedro prtiz-toral, Soheil Hussain, Jim Wangerow This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9076574/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This article describes the development and testing of a new low cost, streamlined gas to liquids(GTL) process named Cool GTL TM to make drop in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from bioderived gas or carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This system uses an improved catalyst in the reformer, Fischer Tropsch and upgrading reactor and an electric reformer. The Cool GTL system is simplified compared to the commercial state of the art. The Cool GTL system requires no membranes to adjust the compositions of synthesis gas and the vapor product from the Fischer Tropsch reactor goes directly to the upgrading reactor without removing the CO. The liquid hydrocarbon product made from this streamlined system is 50% high quality SAF meeting all SAF specification including freeze point. Trace levels of wax are produced which can be recycled to extinction. A novel electrically heated reformer was tested in the integrated system which uses internal resistive heaters in a bed of catalyst. This design eliminates the need for a pre-reformer for C2+ since the feed enters the catalyst bed at 537 °C and the temperature is increased in the reformer reactor through the internal heaters to reach the 808°C. The electric reformer is 10 percent of the size of a reformer using a furnace. By using bi-reforming catalyst both methane, C2+ and carbon dioxide can be converted to synthesis gas with a H2/CO ratio of 2.0-2.5 which can be fed directly to the Fisher Tropsch reactor without membranes to adjust the H2/CO ratio. More than 24 gallons of SAF was made using this integrated, simple, low cost, compact system. Statement of Industrial Relevance: This testing demonstrated a simplified streamlined GTL process which can be used to make SAF at small scales. Novelty or Significance : The Cool GTL is a new streamlined approach to converting biogas, bioderived gas or CO2 to SAF. E-reformer Fischer Tropsch upgrading Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 13 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9076574","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618653881,"identity":"fed82ae0-9711-42e5-9890-92d1c5338d09","order_by":0,"name":"Terry L. 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This system uses an improved catalyst in the reformer, Fischer Tropsch and upgrading reactor and an electric reformer. The Cool GTL system is simplified compared to the commercial state of the art. The Cool GTL system\u0026nbsp; requires no membranes to adjust the compositions of synthesis gas and the vapor product from the Fischer Tropsch reactor goes directly to the upgrading reactor without removing the CO. The liquid hydrocarbon product made from this streamlined system is 50% high quality SAF meeting all SAF specification including freeze point. Trace levels of wax are produced which can be recycled to extinction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA novel electrically heated reformer was tested in the integrated system which uses internal resistive heaters in a bed of catalyst. This design eliminates the need for a pre-reformer for C2+ since the feed enters the catalyst bed at 537 °C and the temperature is increased in the reformer reactor through the internal heaters to reach the 808°C. The electric reformer is 10 percent of the size of a reformer using a furnace. By using bi-reforming catalyst both methane, C2+ and carbon dioxide can be converted to synthesis gas with a H2/CO ratio of 2.0-2.5 which can be fed directly to the Fisher Tropsch reactor without membranes to adjust the H2/CO ratio. 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