The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone

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Silicone elastomers are the primary materials employed for maxillofacial prostheses due to their physical properties, which allow for adaptation to the movement of soft tissue. They also exhibit exceptional tensile and tear strength across a broad temperature range. Silicone elastomers can be classified according to the vulcanization process: High-temperature vulcanization (HTV) silicones, and Room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicones. The addition of nanoparticle enhances thermal and tear strength of maxillofacial silicon. This study estimates the influence of addition tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. Method Tantalum oxide nanoparticles were added into VST-50F platinum silicone elastomer at two weight percentages: 1wt% and 1.5wt%. 60 specimens were prepared and classified into two groups: one control group for each property and two experimental groups. All collected data underwent statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Bartlett’s test were employed to assess the normality and homogeneity of the data, respectively. Result The one-way ANOVA test found a very significant difference between all groups, while Bonferroni’s test revealed a highly significant difference between the control and experimental groups. Thermal conductivity test found no significant difference between the 1wt% and 1.5wt% groups, however the tear strength test was highly significant. Conclusions The addition tantalum oxide nano particles improve tear strength and thermal conductivity. 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F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] saif Ali Mousa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4201-1909 1 , Zainab Saleh Abdullah 1 saif Ali Mousa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4201-1909 1 , Zainab Saleh Abdullah 1 PUBLISHED 22 Apr 2025 Author details Author details 1 Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, 10011, Iraq saif Ali Mousa Roles: Data Curation, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing Zainab Saleh Abdullah Roles: Supervision OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Nanoscience & Nanotechnology gateway. Abstract Background Maxillofacial prosthetic materials exhibit a range of qualities that vary considerably, including the hardness and stiffness of alloys and polymers, as well as the flexibility of elastomers and soft polymers. Silicone elastomers are the primary materials employed for maxillofacial prostheses due to their physical properties, which allow for adaptation to the movement of soft tissue. They also exhibit exceptional tensile and tear strength across a broad temperature range. Silicone elastomers can be classified according to the vulcanization process: High-temperature vulcanization (HTV) silicones, and Room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicones. The addition of nanoparticle enhances thermal and tear strength of maxillofacial silicon. This study estimates the influence of addition tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. Method Tantalum oxide nanoparticles were added into VST-50F platinum silicone elastomer at two weight percentages: 1wt% and 1.5wt%. 60 specimens were prepared and classified into two groups: one control group for each property and two experimental groups. All collected data underwent statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, with significance set at p < 0.05. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Bartlett’s test were employed to assess the normality and homogeneity of the data, respectively. Result The one-way ANOVA test found a very significant difference between all groups, while Bonferroni’s test revealed a highly significant difference between the control and experimental groups. Thermal conductivity test found no significant difference between the 1wt% and 1.5wt% groups, however the tear strength test was highly significant. Conclusions The addition tantalum oxide nano particles improve tear strength and thermal conductivity. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), VST-50F silicone elastomer, thermal conductivity, tear strength. Corresponding Author(s) saif Ali Mousa ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: saif Ali Mousa Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Ali Mousa s and Abdullah ZS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author(s) is/are employees of the US Government and therefore domestic copyright protection in USA does not apply to this work. The work may be protected under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions when used in those jurisdictions. How to cite: Ali Mousa s and Abdullah ZS. The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.3 ) First published: 11 Feb 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.1 ) Latest published: 22 Apr 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 Re-written the Discussion with more details. Made addition to the Conclusion. Explained why choose the 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. of tantalum oxide to the maxillofacial silicon. Adding more details to the Discussion of the tear and thermal conductivity test. Re-written the Discussion with more details. Made addition to the Conclusion. Explained why choose the 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. of tantalum oxide to the maxillofacial silicon. Adding more details to the Discussion of the tear and thermal conductivity test. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Radhwan H. Hasan See the authors' detailed response to the review by Dr.Manar E. Al-Samaray READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction The branch of prosthodontics known as maxillofacial prosthetics is concerned with replacing and restoring both stomatognathic and related facial features with artificial replacements that may or may not be removed. 1 Using maxillofacial prostheses for facial restoration, these patients could improve their functional rehabilitation, restore their appearance, correct speech difficulties, and support their mental health, allowing them to resume their social connections. 2 , 3 Over time, when the maxillofacial prosthesis touches human skin, it might absorb sweat and sebum. 4 The efficiency of maxillofacial prosthesis materials used for facial defect reconstruction is restricted by appropriate mechanical and physical properties, as well as the capacity to maintain these features over the prosthesis’s service life, as they must not be inflammatory or carcinogenic. Maxillofacial prostheses used to rehabilitate individuals with face deformities can deteriorate and discolor due to ambient exposure to ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation, air pollution, and increases in humidity. 5 The translucency of silicone is the primary advantage, facilitating color matching with the patient’s missing structure. Silicone exhibits biocompatibility, color stability, and controllability. Silicone exhibits exceptional thermal stability and maintains color fidelity when subjected to ultraviolet light, is aesthetically pleasing, biologically inert, and maintains physical and chemical qualities across a broad temperature range. 6 The primary disadvantage of silicon is its early deterioration due to a variety of variables, including handling, hygiene, air pollution, and temperature changes, even though VST-50 (R.T.V.) maxillofacial silicone has several promising qualities. Additionally, when different disinfection techniques are used as part of the prosthesis maintenance regimen, silicone’s extremely porous nature may cause discoloration. Additionally, when different disinfection techniques are used as part of the prosthesis maintenance regimen, silicone’s extremely porous nature may cause discoloration. 7 , 8 Silicone prostheses can be cleaned using a variety of methods, including mechanical cleaning with manual brushing or hand washing with neutral soap and chemical cleaning with nontoxic disinfectants. 9 The main drawback of silicone material is the significant risk of early deterioration, which might manifest as lower tear strength, a reasonably fitting margin, material discoloration, and a modified texture. As a result, silicone elastomers are typically reinforced with fillers to improve their mechanical qualities. The efficiency of fillers is connected to their features, such as particle form and size, as well as the strength of filler-polymer interaction, which enhances the degree of crosslinking. 10 While materials with low heat conductivity are referred to as insulators, those with high thermal conductivity are considered good conductors. Elastomers’ mechanical qualities and thermal stabilities are enhanced by the fillers in addition to their thermal conductivity. 11 – 13 The clinically significant tear strength property is paramount for achieving aesthetic results, precise marginal adaptation, and integrity, all of which are essential for maxillofacial prostheses to integrate seamlessly with surrounding tissues; thus, specialized margins are required to connect the prosthesis with the patient’s tissues. Nonetheless, slender edges yield exceedingly delicate margins that can fracture during processing. Insufficient tear strength may lead to margin degradation during the removal of facial prostheses for maintenance. Improved tear strength signifies that the prosthesis can be fabricated with a refined finishing line that blends naturally with the skin, concealing the prosthesis’s edge. 14 , 15 The addition of nanoparticle-like tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) may improve the maxillofacial silicon’s tear strength, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. Apatite has formed and nucleated on the surface of tantalum metal due to its bioactivity and affinity for phosphate groups. Furthermore, it has been discovered that tantalum oxide is bioactive, encouraging the formation of hydroxyapatite and the attachment of osteoblasts. Because of their great workability and fracture toughness, tantalum oxide and metal alloys containing tantalum have been used in the medical and dentistry fields. Because of these characteristics, tantalum is being researched for potential application in dentistry and has been added to materials made of polymers. 16 , 17 Hypothesis of study : Thermal conductivity and tear strength do not vary by the addition of Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles, according to the null hypothesis (H0). Thermal conductivity and tear strength may be varied by the addition of Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles, according to the alternative hypothesis (H1). Methods Tantalum oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) (Sky Spring Nanomaterials, U.S.A.) and VST-50F room temperature vulcanized silicone (Factor II Inc., U.S.A.) were used. The Ta 2 O 5 particles were confirmed to be at the nanoscale using a particle size analyzer, and the effective diameter was (70.2 nm). Pilot study A pilot study was conducted on various percentages of nanoparticles incorporated into maxillofacial silicone to evaluate their effects, after which the optimal percentage enhancing tear strength and thermal conductivity will be determined. Following the identification of the two most suitable percentages of modified maxillofacial silicone from the pilot study, new specimens will be fabricated for utilization in the main investigation, employing the tests of tear strength and thermal conductivity. Specimen grouping A total of 60 specimens (other than that utilized in the pilot study) were produced and classified into two groups according to the tests (tear strength and thermal conductivity), with each group comprising 30 specimens. Group A, designated as the control group, contained 0% Ta 2 O 5 nanofiller, while groups B and C, referred to as experimental groups, contained 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% Ta 2 O 5 nanofiller, respectively. Mold fabrication Three transparent acrylic sheets (the matrix, bottom, and cover) with a thickness of 2 ± 0.05 mm were produced. The matrix sheet for the tear strength test was constructed with an unticked edge and a 90° angle on one side, featuring tab ends. In contrast, the thermal conductivity test matrix was designed with disco-shaped perforations measuring 40 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness. These were affixed to the bottom sheet using chloroform as an adhesive to prevent movement during the silicone pouring process. Utilizing CorelDraw 2020 software for mold design and employing a C.N.C. machine for fabrication. Clamps, screws, and nuts were additionally used for enhanced tightness at the peripheries. 18 Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens The specimens of the control subgroup were prepared and combined at a base-to-catalyst ratio of 10:1 (w/w), following the manufacturer’s guidelines. A vacuum mixer was employed to blend the mixture for 5 minutes at a speed of 140 ± 10 rpm at a vacuum of -10 bar (-28 inches Hg). All specimens from the experimental subgroup were mixed in a manner analogous to the control subgroups, with the same mixing ratio but incorporating nano Ta 2 O 5 filler with a clean spatula. The silicone elastomer base was incorporated and mixed without vacuum for three minutes to prevent powder suction, followed by activation of the vacuum mixer for seven minutes at a speed of 140 ± 10 rpm with a vacuum pressure of -10 bar to eliminate air bubbles. The mixture was subsequently permitted to cool for 5 minutes. The catalyst was subsequently incorporated into the base-filler combination and blended for five minutes. The mixture was put into the mold, and the cover was secured over it. The mold was secured using screws, nuts, and G-clamps. The mixture was allowed to cure at (23°C ± 2°C) for 4 hours per the manufacturer’s guidelines. The specimens were maintained at 20-25°C with 50 ± 10% humidity for 16 hours before testing, in accordance with ISO 23529:2016. 18 , 19 , 29 Experimental tests Test for tear strength The specimens, constructed in accordance with ISO 34-1 (2022) specifications, featured an unticked design with a 90° angle on one side and tab ends. They were subjected to testing using a universal testing machine to evaluate tear initiation at a stress concentration point positioned at the 90° apex. The thickness is 2 ± 0.2 mm. 20 The tear strength, measured in N/mm, was determined using the subsequent equation. (ISO 34-1, 2022): Ts ( Tear strength ) = f / d − − − − − − − − − − − − ( 2 − 2 ) Where: f: The maximum force required for complete rupturing of the sample at the apex (N). d: The average thickness of the tested specimen in (millimeters). 20 Test for thermal conductivity All samples were prepared with the Hot Disc apparatus. The specimen must exhibit a flat and smooth surface, with disc samples measuring 40 mm in radius and 6 mm in thickness (ISO 22007-2, 2022). The transient plane heat source (T.P.S.) thermal conductivity tester device (model: Skz1061C) was used to perform the test (ISO 22007-2, 2022). This apparatus employs a double helical plane probe inscribed with alloy sheets. The plane probe must be positioned between two specimens and secured with a fastening. The probe functions as both a heat source and a sensor. The power bridge technique is employed to measure the specimen by detecting voltage variations on the probe. The acquired data is subsequently transmitted to computer software for analysis and processing, ultimately yielding thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity was assessed in (W/m.k.) . 21 Where: W represents watt. m is meter. k is kelvin. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) FTIR (IRAffinity-1 laser product, Shimadzu, Japan) was employed to ascertain whether there was a chemical interaction between the silicone substance and the Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles. Three samples, one from each group, were examined. (Control, 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%). The resolution was at 400-4000 cm −1 . Statistical analysis The study’s results were assessed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 24) software, employing one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to compare the mean values of the examined groups. The significance of the difference between the two tested groups was assessed using Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess the normality of data distribution, while Bartlett’s test was utilized to evaluate the homogeneity of variances. P values of >0.05 were considered statistically non-significant (N.S.), P values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant (S), and P values of ≤0.01 were considered highly significant. Results FTIR Results: The addition of Ta 2 O 5 did not alter the spectral range of VST-50F silicone, indicating no chemical interaction, as shown in Figure 3 . One test sample was evaluated in order to compare it with the control group; the FTIR was simply utilized to verify whether or not there was a chemical reaction. Figure 1. Particle size analyzer for tantalum oxide nanoparticle. Figure 2. A: Samples poured in tear Mold. B: Sample tested in Universal testing machine. C: Material ready for poured in thermals mold. D: Samples for thermal test. E: The mold is secured with screws, nuts, and G-clamps after pouring the mixed silicone inside. Figure 3. A, FTIR of control specimen; B, FTIR of 1.5 wt% Ta 2 O 5 specimen, revealing there is no chemical interaction. The X-axis refers to Wavenumber cm-1, Y-axis refers to Transmittance %. Figure 4. Bar chart of the mean and standard deviation of tear strength for studied groups. Figure 5. Bar chart of the mean and standard deviation of thermal conductivity for studied groups. Tear strength test results The Shapiro-Wilk test revealed a normal distribution of data around the mean (P value > 0.05) ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Shapiro-wilk test of normality. Shapiro-wilk Control 1 wt% Ta 2 O 5 1.5 wt% Ta 2 O 5 W 0.9510 0.9400 0.9514 P value 0.6803 0.5533 0.6850 Sig ns ns ns The descriptive statistic revealed an increase in the mean value as the concentration of Ta 2 O 5 increased, as shown in Table 2 . Table 2. Descriptive statistics of tear strength test. Groups No. Min. Max. Mean ± SD ± SE Lower 95% confidence interval of mean Upper 95% confidence interval of mean Control 10 22.00 24.00 23.17 0.6165 0.1950 22.73 23.61 1 wt% Ta 2 O 5 10 24.30 26.80 25.23 0.7747 0.2450 24.68 25.78 1.5 wt% Ta 2 O 5 10 25.50 27.30 26.25 0.5817 0.1839 25.83 26.67 One-way ANOVA test revealed a highly significant difference in the mean values among all groups (P < 0.01) ( Table 3 ). Table 3. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance among groups. Sum of squares D.F. Mean squares F P value Between groups 49.23 2 24.62 56.01 P<0.0001Hs Within groups 11.87 27 0.4395 Total 61.10 29 To choose the type of multiple comparisons, Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test was used to assess the homogeneity of variances, and Bartlett’s test was used ( Table 4 ). Table 4. Bartlett’s test for tear strength test. Bartlett’s statistic P value P value summary 0.8184 0.6642 ns Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests revealed a highly significant difference between groups (P < 0.01) ( Table 5 ). Table 5. Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test for tear strength test. M.D. P value control vs. 1% Ta 2 O 5 -2.060 <0.0001 H. sig control vs. 1.5% Ta 2 O 5 -3.080 0.05) ( Table 6 ). Table 6. Shapiro-wilk test of normality. Shapiro-wilk Control 1 wt% Ta 2 O 5 1.5 wt% Ta 2 O 5 W 0.9318 0.8944 0.8880 P value 0.4656 0.1901 0.1612 Sig ns ns Ns The descriptive statistic revealed an increase in the mean value as the concentration of Ta 2 O 5 increased, as shown in Table 7 . Table 7. Descriptive statistics of the thermal conductivity test. Groups No. Min. Max. Mean ± SD ± SE A lower 95% confidence interval of the mean Upper 95% confidence interval of mean Control 10 0.2110 0.2300 0.2214 0.006851 0.002166 0.2165 0.2263 1 wt% Ta 2 O 5 10 0.2180 0.2410 0.2333 0.006567 0.002077 0.2286 0.2380 1.5 wt% Ta 2 O 5 10 0.2220 0.2530 0.2408 0.009887 0.003126 0.2337 0.2479 One-way ANOVA test revealed a highly significant difference in the mean values among all groups (P < 0.01) ( Table 8 ). Table 8. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance among groups. Sum of squares D.F. Mean squares F P value Between groups 0.001918 2 0.0009588 15.32 P<0.0001Hs Within groups 0.001690 27 6.260e-005 Total 0.003608 29 Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test was used to assess the homogeneity of variances, and Bartlett’s test was used to choose the type of multiple comparisons ( Table 9 ). Table 9. Bartlett’s test for thermal conductivity test. Bartlett’s statistic P value P value summary 1.846 0.3974 Ns Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons tests revealed a highly significant difference between the control and experimental groups (P 0.05) ( Table 10 ). Table 10. Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test for thermal conductivity test. M.D. P value control vs. 1% Ta 2 O 5 -0.01190 0.0070 Hs control vs. 1.5% Ta 2 O 5 -0.01942 <0.0001 Hs 1% Ta 2 O 5 vs. 1.5% Ta 2 O 5 -0.007520 0.1286 ns Discussion The results of the pilot study The decision to choose the 1% and 1.5% tantalum oxide groups for the main study was based on the understanding that higher elastic modulus contributes to greater material stiffness, which is associated with stronger interatomic and intermolecular forces. 22 Additionally, previous research by Meththananda et al. (2009) has shown that silicone elastomers with higher elastic modulus tend to demonstrate higher mechanical properties. 23 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Both before and after the addition of Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles, FTIR analyses were carried out. There was no chemical reaction since the spectral range did not change before or after the addition. Fillers and silicone interact to produce the main interaction in this instance, which is characterized as a physical reaction (hydrogen bond or Van der Waals bond). This interaction showed up as a modest alteration in the light transmittance of the silicone matrix and a change in the vibration of preexisting bonds. This demonstrates that since no novel chemical substance was created. This interaction manifested as a slight change in the peaks’ vibration of preexisting bonds and a change in the silicone matrix’s light transmittance. This agrees with Ahmed and Ali. 24 Tear strength test As compared to the control group, the results of the tear strength test showed improvements in tear strength for both experimental groups (1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% Ta 2 O 5 ), and its proportion raised in direct proportion to the percentage increase (highly significant). Thus, the alternate theory was approved. By forming three-dimensional networks inside the polymer matrix, nanoparticles can physically trap certain polymer chains, resulting in filler meshes inside the polymer matrix. The contact between the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix prevents the polymer chains from moving against the nanoparticles or against each other. Consequently, the density and tear strength increase. 19 Rubber materials possess the capability to dissipate strain energy at the point of crack development. Consequently, when the break propagates, nanoparticles may distribute their energy, so enhancing the material’s resistance to rupture. The results agree with Tukmachi et al., 2021; Al-Obaidi and Moudhaffer, 2019; Fatihallah and Alsamaraay, 2017 7 , 25 , 26 as they found improvement in tear strength. The findings were consistent with previous studies that investigated the addition of different particles to silicone elastomers and reported an increase in tear strength and include: The results disagreed with those of Nobrega et al., 2016 27 who revealed inconsistent outcomes of increases and decreases in tear strength values with the addition of ZnO, TiO 2 , and BaSO 4 nanoparticles to the silicone MDX4-4210. Different silicones and nanoparticles used at various ratios may be the cause of the variations. These discrepancies in results could be attributed to various factors, including the specific types of silicone used, the characteristics of the particles added, and the different percentages of particle incorporation. Each study might have employed different materials and experimental conditions, leading to variations in the observed effects on tear strength. 24 Thermal conductivity test The thermal conductivity test findings indicated improvements in thermal conductivity for both experimental groups (1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% Ta 2 O 5 ) relative to the control group, with the proportionate increase corresponding directly to the percentage increase. The null hypothesis was dismissed. The substantial rise in thermal conductivity values may result from the progressive interaction of particles forming a network arrangement termed heat conductive pathways. This channel facilitates heat flow from one side of the specimen to the other, overcoming the insulating properties of the polymer. Additionally, the compact structure of composites may be used to explain this phenomenon. As the particles are added to the matrix, they take on the position of gaps and decrease the free volume (air-filled voids), creating a compact structure of composites that has better heat conductivity than pure polymers. Consequently, the polymer will exhibit elevated heat conductivity. As the concentration increases, a large number of nanoparticles of the same mass begin to pack together within the matrix, making it thicker and stiffer while also providing heat conduction pathways. However, the rise in filler loading is accompanied with increased contact of nanoparticles. In order to improve thermal characteristics, filler diffusion must take place in an optimal environment, and filler units must be cohesive enough to form a continuous heat conduction route. The lack of the nanoparticles to establish a perfect thermally conductive channel likely explains why, at lower concentrations, the packed silicone rubber displays relatively limited thermal conductivity compared to what is predicted. However, due to their nanoscale size, extreme smallness, and increased surface energy, it is challenging to achieve a uniform scattering of these particles in a silicone rubber medium. As a result, most nanoparticles are degraded upon passing through silicon rubber and fail to generate conductive channels This result agrees with Al-Naser and AbdulAmeer, 2022 18 as they found an increase in the thermal conductivity of VST-50HD after the addition of Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y 2 O 3 ). 28 Furthermore, this phenomenon could be explained by the compact structure of composites. A compact structure of composites with superior heat conductivity over pure polymers is produced as the particles are added to the matrix, taking on the role of gaps and reducing the free volume (air-filled voids). The findings were consistent with previous studies that investigated the addition of different particles to silicone elastomers and reported an increase in tear strength and include: This result agrees with AL Naser and Abdul-Ameer, 2022 18 as they found an increase in the thermal conductivity of VST-50HD after the addition of Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y 2 O 3 ). 28 Conclusions Based on the results of the pilot study, it was determined that the optimal weight percentages of Tantalum oxide for addition into RTV VST-50F maxillofacial silicone are 1 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%. The addition of Ta 2 O 5 powders to VST50F maxillofacial silicon elastomer will improve the tear strength and heat conductivity of silicon, and this improvement appears to be concentration-dependent, according to the study’s limits. Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles could be added to colored VST-50F RTV silicone elastomers to investigate their effects and assess how they affect the bacterial biofilm’s adherence to the silicones in the maxillofacial region. Another idea that might be investigated is assessing the artificial aging of VST-50F RTV maxillofacial silicone following the inclusion of Ta 2 O 5 Nano powder. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. Data availability Underlying data figshare: “ The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone”. Doi: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28060640.v1 . 29 This project contains the following underlying data: • FTIR • Particle size analyzer of Ta 2 O 5 • raw data of thermal conductivity and tear strength • pictures Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). References 1. G.P.T. Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms: Ninth Edition. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2017; 117 (5s): e1–e105. 2. Goiato MC, Pesqueira AA, da Silva CR , et al. : Patient satisfaction with maxillofacial prosthesis. Literature review. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 2009; 62 (2): 175–180. Publisher Full Text 3. Cevik P: Effects of the addition of titanium dioxide and silaned silica nanoparticles on the color stability of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer submitted to artificial aging. Cumhur. Dent. J. 2016; 19 (1): 9–15. 4. Gandhi DS, Sethuraman R: Comparative evaluation of tensile strength, tear strength, color stability and hardness of conventional and 1% trisnorbornenylisobutyl polyhedralsilsesquioxane modified room temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone after a six-month artificial aging period. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 2022; 22 (4): 328–337. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Fouad M, Moudhaffer M: Effect of Disinfection on Some Properties of Heat- Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Reinforced by Nano Silicone Dioxide. J. Baghdad Coll. Dent. 2016; 28 (4):16–21. Publisher Full Text 6. Dubey SG, Balwani TR, Chandak AV, et al. : D. Material in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics. J. J. o. E. o. M. & Sciences, -A Review. 2020; 9 (44): 3319–3325. 7. Alsamaraay ME, Fatihallah AA: Effect of Polyamide (Nylon 6) Micro-Particles Incorporation into RTV Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer on Tear and Tensile Strength. J. Baghdad Coll. Dent. 2017; 29 (4):7–12. Publisher Full Text 8. 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Al-Naser ZH, Abdul-Ameer FM: Effect-of-addition-of-the-intrinsic-pigment-on-the-some-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-modified-silicone-elastome. J. Res. Med. Dent. Sci. 2022; 10 (3):180–187. Reference Source 19. Kareem YM, Hamad TI: Assessment of the antibacterial effect of Barium Titanate nanoparticles against Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion after addition to maxillofacial silicone. F1000Res. 2023; 12 : 385. Publisher Full Text 20. ISO 34-1: Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tear strength -- Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces.2022 21. ISO 22007-2 Plastics – Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity – Part 2: Transient plane heat source (Hot disk) method.2022; 1–16. 22. Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM: Craig’s restorative dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012. 23. Meththananda IM, Parker S, Patel MP, et al. : The relationship between Shore hardness of elastomeric dental materials and Young's modulus. Dent. Mater. 2009; 25 (8):956–959. Publisher Full Text 24. Ahmed AS, Ali MM: Effect of Strontium Titanate Nano Powder Addition on Some Mechanical Properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone. J. Res. Med. Dent. Sci. 2021 Dec; 9 (12): 59–65. 25. Tukmachi MS, Safi IN, Ali MM: Evaluation of mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of maxillofacial silicone material after incorporation of zirconia nanopowder. Mater. Today: Proc. 2021 Jan; 42 : 2209–2217. Publisher Full Text 26. Al-Obaidi KA, Ali MM: The Influence of Halloysite Nanotube Addition on Some Properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone before and after Simulated Aging.Indian J. Public Health Res. Dev.2019 Oct 1; 10 (10): 1770–1775. Publisher Full Text 27. Nobrega AS, Andreotti AM, Moreno A, et al. Influence of adding nanoparticles on the hardness, tear strength, and permanent deformation of facial silicone subjected to accelerated aging.J. Prosthet. Dent.2016 Oct 1; 116 (4): 623–629.e1. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 28. Agarwal S, Saxena NS, Kumar V: Study on effective thermal conductivity of zinc sulphide/poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites. Appl. Nanosci. 2015 Aug; 5 : 697–702. Publisher Full Text 29. Hablalmateen S: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. figshare. [Dataset]. 2024. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 11 Feb 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate, 10011, Iraq saif Ali Mousa Roles: Data Curation, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing Zainab Saleh Abdullah Roles: Supervision Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 22 Apr 2025, 14:189 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.3 version 2 Revised Published: 17 Mar 2025, 14:189 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.2 version 1 Published: 11 Feb 2025, 14:189 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159001.1 Copyright © 2025 Ali Mousa s and Abdullah ZS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author(s) is/are employees of the US Government and therefore domestic copyright protection in USA does not apply to this work. The work may be protected under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions when used in those jurisdictions. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. 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F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.180408.r379778 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v3#referee-response-379778 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 02 May 2025 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.180408.r379778 The researchers made all the suggestions that ... Continue reading READ ALL The researchers made all the suggestions that aim to raise the level of research. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hasan RH. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.180408.r379778 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v3#referee-response-379778 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 17 Mar 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Hasan RH. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179064.r371388 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v2#referee-response-371388 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 21 Mar 2025 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179064.r371388 The researcher did not complete all ... Continue reading READ ALL The researcher did not complete all the points mentioned in the previous report. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hasan RH. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179064.r371388 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v2#referee-response-371388 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 26 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 26 Mar 2025 Author Response Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Reviewer Response 09 Apr 2025 RADHWAN HIMMADI , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq 09 Apr 2025 Reviewer Response You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 26 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 26 Mar 2025 Author Response Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Reviewer Response 09 Apr 2025 RADHWAN HIMMADI , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq 09 Apr 2025 Reviewer Response You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 11 Feb 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Al-Samaray DME. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366042 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366042 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 24 Feb 2025 Dr.Manar E. Al-Samaray , Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366042 Dear Editor This study is conducted to estimate the influence of addition tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. The manuscript entitled " The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity ... Continue reading READ ALL Dear Editor This study is conducted to estimate the influence of addition tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. The manuscript entitled " The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone " contains indexable content and may be accepted after revision by the respected authors: Abstract Kindly mention the type of silicone, i.e.: RTV in the abstract. Please report the numbers in Ta2O5 as subscripted numbers (Ta 2 O 5 ). Introduction The paragraphs should be written coherently. Previous research is missing. Kindly report the abbreviation meaning when its mentioned the first time, then, it can be written as an abbreviation. Please mention the advantages/disadvantages as paragraphs not as separated not organized sections. Kindly discuss the effect of apatite layer formation on tear strength. Materials and Methods Kindly report the model, design, and manufacturer for each device or machine used in the study. Regarding the tear strength test, is the force unit N/mm or KN/mm? Abbreviations can not be reported at the beginning of the sentence. Results Kindly report the change in peak intensity in the FTIR results. Discussion Kindly begin the discussion section with the aim of your study. Try to rewrite the discussion as one section with multiple paragraphs Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Prosthodontist I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Al-Samaray DME. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366042 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366042 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 26 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 26 Feb 2025 Author Response Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation ... Continue reading Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation we write all it with complete meaning 4- About the design the device i send all the figure and detail in figshare document Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation we write all it with complete meaning 4- About the design the device i send all the figure and detail in figshare document Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 17 Mar 2025 Author Response Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning ... Continue reading Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning 5- Mentioned all advantages or disadvantages as paragraph 6- All design, and details about machine or device I mentioned in during the paragraphs 7- N/mm the unite of force in the tear strength 8- Not begin with abbreviations 9- There is no chemical change in the FTIR 10- Start the discussion with the aim of study and write it as on section Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning 5- Mentioned all advantages or disadvantages as paragraph 6- All design, and details about machine or device I mentioned in during the paragraphs 7- N/mm the unite of force in the tear strength 8- Not begin with abbreviations 9- There is no chemical change in the FTIR 10- Start the discussion with the aim of study and write it as on section Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 26 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 26 Feb 2025 Author Response Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation ... Continue reading Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation we write all it with complete meaning 4- About the design the device i send all the figure and detail in figshare document Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation we write all it with complete meaning 4- About the design the device i send all the figure and detail in figshare document Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 17 Mar 2025 Author Response Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning ... Continue reading Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning 5- Mentioned all advantages or disadvantages as paragraph 6- All design, and details about machine or device I mentioned in during the paragraphs 7- N/mm the unite of force in the tear strength 8- Not begin with abbreviations 9- There is no chemical change in the FTIR 10- Start the discussion with the aim of study and write it as on section Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning 5- Mentioned all advantages or disadvantages as paragraph 6- All design, and details about machine or device I mentioned in during the paragraphs 7- N/mm the unite of force in the tear strength 8- Not begin with abbreviations 9- There is no chemical change in the FTIR 10- Start the discussion with the aim of study and write it as on section Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Hasan RH. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366037 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366037 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 14 Feb 2025 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366037 1. **Strengths of the Study**: - The study exhibits strong clarity in its methodology, which is crucial for reproducibility and credibility. Detailed explanations of material selection, experimental setups, and testing procedures make the study transparent. - ... Continue reading READ ALL 1. **Strengths of the Study**: - The study exhibits strong clarity in its methodology, which is crucial for reproducibility and credibility. Detailed explanations of material selection, experimental setups, and testing procedures make the study transparent. - Incorporating statistical tests such as one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons enhance the validity of the findings. By using rigorous statistical methods, the study ensures that the results are not due to random chance, which adds robustness to the conclusions. 2. **Weaknesses of the Study**: - **Lack of Discussion**: The paper falls short in offering an in-depth discussion of the results. This omission prevents readers from understanding how the findings fit into the broader context of existing research. For instance, if previous studies on similar nanoparticle composites show consistent or conflicting results, this comparison should be highlighted. - **Sample Size Justification**: Although the paper includes 60 specimens, it neglects to justify this sample size or present a power analysis. Sample size justification is crucial for determining whether the study could adequately detect significant effects. Without this, the results could be questioned for not having enough statistical power. - **Insufficient Interpretation**: The conclusion that tantalum oxide nanoparticles enhance tear strength and thermal conductivity is made without enough depth. The practical implications for maxillofacial prosthetics or the mechanisms underlying the enhanced properties are not thoroughly explored. Discussing potential applications or limitations would strengthen the argument. 3. **Validity of Arguments**: - **Hypothesis Testing**: The study sets out with clear null and alternative hypotheses, important for guiding research. Nonetheless, the discussion fails to re-evaluate these hypotheses in light of the results, weakening the paper’s narrative arc. Explicitly stating how the findings support or refute the hypotheses would have added clarity and strength. - **Experimental Design**: The study’s design appears robust with appropriate control and experimental groups. However, the paper would benefit from an explanation of why 1wt% and 1.5wt% were chosen as the specific weight percentages for the nanoparticles to ensure the rationale behind these concentrations is sound and relevant. 4. **Recommendations**: - **Expand Discussion Section**: Enhancing the discussion to interpret findings deeply and link them to previous research will offer a richer context. For example, comparing this study’s results with others that used different nanoparticles or weight percentages could provide insights into the specific role of tantalum oxide. - **Justification of Sample Size**: Including a power analysis or rationale behind choosing 60 specimens will reinforce the study’s credibility. Providing outcomes from a pilot study could also substantiate the chosen sample size. - **Addressing Practical Implications**: Discussing how the improved tear strength and thermal conductivity affect the usability and performance of maxillofacial silicone prosthetics can make the paper more impactful. It could explore potential benefits for patients or manufacturing processes, making the results more relevant for practical applications. **Concrete Examples**: - **Lack of Discussion**: A similar study on alumina nanoparticles showed increased tear strength in maxillofacial silicones (reference: Elmorsy et al., 2019). Comparing findings could provide insights into whether tantalum oxide offers unique advantages or if any observed differences are due to specific properties of the nanoparticles used. - **Sample Size Justification**: For example, a power analysis in a related study on biomaterials may have shown that a minimum sample size of 50 is required to detect a 10% difference in material properties with 80% power. Stating such specifics strengthens the study's design. By addressing these points, the paper can enhance the validity of its arguments and contribute more effectively to the field of maxillofacial prosthetics. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hasan RH. Reviewer Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366037 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366037 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 18 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 18 Feb 2025 Author Response I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of ... Continue reading I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of the article besides the Reference number 18,19 that indicate the number of sited reference. We are in talks with the copy editing team to update the same at the earliest I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of the article besides the Reference number 18,19 that indicate the number of sited reference. We are in talks with the copy editing team to update the same at the earliest Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 17 Mar 2025 Author Response thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each ... Continue reading thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each test and from pilot study we choose the best percent of tantalum oxide nanoparticle 2- about the discussion we mention briefly about the improvement on the tear and thermal test thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each test and from pilot study we choose the best percent of tantalum oxide nanoparticle 2- about the discussion we mention briefly about the improvement on the tear and thermal test Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 18 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 18 Feb 2025 Author Response I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of ... Continue reading I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of the article besides the Reference number 18,19 that indicate the number of sited reference. We are in talks with the copy editing team to update the same at the earliest I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of the article besides the Reference number 18,19 that indicate the number of sited reference. We are in talks with the copy editing team to update the same at the earliest Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen , Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq 17 Mar 2025 Author Response thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each ... Continue reading thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each test and from pilot study we choose the best percent of tantalum oxide nanoparticle 2- about the discussion we mention briefly about the improvement on the tear and thermal test thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each test and from pilot study we choose the best percent of tantalum oxide nanoparticle 2- about the discussion we mention briefly about the improvement on the tear and thermal test Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 11 Feb 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 3 (revision) 22 Apr 25 read Version 2 (revision) 17 Mar 25 read Version 1 11 Feb 25 read read Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Dr.Manar E. Al-Samaray , Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 02 May 2025 | for Version 3 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The researchers made all the suggestions that aim to raise the level of research. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Hasan RH. Peer Review Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.180408.r379778) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v3#referee-response-379778 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 21 Mar 2025 | for Version 2 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (2) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The researcher did not complete all the points mentioned in the previous report. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (2) Author Response 26 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen, Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq Thanks for you Dr. can you mentioned which points didn't complete View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Reviewer Response 09 Apr 2025 RADHWAN HIMMADI, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq You can read the report carefully and apply its paragraphs. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Hasan RH. Peer Review Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179064.r371388) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v2#referee-response-371388 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Al-Samaray D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 24 Feb 2025 | for Version 1 Dr.Manar E. Al-Samaray , Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq 0 Views copyright © 2025 Al-Samaray D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (2) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Dear Editor This study is conducted to estimate the influence of addition tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone. The manuscript entitled " The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone " contains indexable content and may be accepted after revision by the respected authors: Abstract Kindly mention the type of silicone, i.e.: RTV in the abstract. Please report the numbers in Ta2O5 as subscripted numbers (Ta 2 O 5 ). Introduction The paragraphs should be written coherently. Previous research is missing. Kindly report the abbreviation meaning when its mentioned the first time, then, it can be written as an abbreviation. Please mention the advantages/disadvantages as paragraphs not as separated not organized sections. Kindly discuss the effect of apatite layer formation on tear strength. Materials and Methods Kindly report the model, design, and manufacturer for each device or machine used in the study. Regarding the tear strength test, is the force unit N/mm or KN/mm? Abbreviations can not be reported at the beginning of the sentence. Results Kindly report the change in peak intensity in the FTIR results. Discussion Kindly begin the discussion section with the aim of your study. Try to rewrite the discussion as one section with multiple paragraphs Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Prosthodontist I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (2) Author Response 26 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen, Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq Dear Dr. Manar E. Al-Samaray, Thanks for your comments 1- About the Ta 2 o 5 we write it as this formolation 2- The unite of tear is kn/m 3- About the abbreviation we write all it with complete meaning 4- About the design the device i send all the figure and detail in figshare document View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen, Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq Dear Dr. 1- I mention the type of silicone 2- I type tantalum oxide in this formula (ta 2 O 5 ) 3- The paragraphs written coherently 4- All abbreviation firstly write the meaning 5- Mentioned all advantages or disadvantages as paragraph 6- All design, and details about machine or device I mentioned in during the paragraphs 7- N/mm the unite of force in the tear strength 8- Not begin with abbreviations 9- There is no chemical change in the FTIR 10- Start the discussion with the aim of study and write it as on section View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Al-Samaray DME. Peer Review Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366042) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366042 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 14 Feb 2025 | for Version 1 Radhwan H. Hasan , Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq 0 Views copyright © 2025 Hasan R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (2) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions 1. **Strengths of the Study**: - The study exhibits strong clarity in its methodology, which is crucial for reproducibility and credibility. Detailed explanations of material selection, experimental setups, and testing procedures make the study transparent. - Incorporating statistical tests such as one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons enhance the validity of the findings. By using rigorous statistical methods, the study ensures that the results are not due to random chance, which adds robustness to the conclusions. 2. **Weaknesses of the Study**: - **Lack of Discussion**: The paper falls short in offering an in-depth discussion of the results. This omission prevents readers from understanding how the findings fit into the broader context of existing research. For instance, if previous studies on similar nanoparticle composites show consistent or conflicting results, this comparison should be highlighted. - **Sample Size Justification**: Although the paper includes 60 specimens, it neglects to justify this sample size or present a power analysis. Sample size justification is crucial for determining whether the study could adequately detect significant effects. Without this, the results could be questioned for not having enough statistical power. - **Insufficient Interpretation**: The conclusion that tantalum oxide nanoparticles enhance tear strength and thermal conductivity is made without enough depth. The practical implications for maxillofacial prosthetics or the mechanisms underlying the enhanced properties are not thoroughly explored. Discussing potential applications or limitations would strengthen the argument. 3. **Validity of Arguments**: - **Hypothesis Testing**: The study sets out with clear null and alternative hypotheses, important for guiding research. Nonetheless, the discussion fails to re-evaluate these hypotheses in light of the results, weakening the paper’s narrative arc. Explicitly stating how the findings support or refute the hypotheses would have added clarity and strength. - **Experimental Design**: The study’s design appears robust with appropriate control and experimental groups. However, the paper would benefit from an explanation of why 1wt% and 1.5wt% were chosen as the specific weight percentages for the nanoparticles to ensure the rationale behind these concentrations is sound and relevant. 4. **Recommendations**: - **Expand Discussion Section**: Enhancing the discussion to interpret findings deeply and link them to previous research will offer a richer context. For example, comparing this study’s results with others that used different nanoparticles or weight percentages could provide insights into the specific role of tantalum oxide. - **Justification of Sample Size**: Including a power analysis or rationale behind choosing 60 specimens will reinforce the study’s credibility. Providing outcomes from a pilot study could also substantiate the chosen sample size. - **Addressing Practical Implications**: Discussing how the improved tear strength and thermal conductivity affect the usability and performance of maxillofacial silicone prosthetics can make the paper more impactful. It could explore potential benefits for patients or manufacturing processes, making the results more relevant for practical applications. **Concrete Examples**: - **Lack of Discussion**: A similar study on alumina nanoparticles showed increased tear strength in maxillofacial silicones (reference: Elmorsy et al., 2019). Comparing findings could provide insights into whether tantalum oxide offers unique advantages or if any observed differences are due to specific properties of the nanoparticles used. - **Sample Size Justification**: For example, a power analysis in a related study on biomaterials may have shown that a minimum sample size of 50 is required to detect a 10% difference in material properties with 80% power. Stating such specifics strengthens the study's design. By addressing these points, the paper can enhance the validity of its arguments and contribute more effectively to the field of maxillofacial prosthetics. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise prosthodontics , dental material I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (2) Author Response 18 Feb 2025 saif hablalmateen, Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq I wish to let the reviewer know that we also want to add only reference number 24 at the end of the Fabrication and conditioning of the specimens section of the article besides the Reference number 18,19 that indicate the number of sited reference. We are in talks with the copy editing team to update the same at the earliest View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Author Response 17 Mar 2025 saif hablalmateen, Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq thanks dear dr. for your comments 1- about the sample size we use 10 sample for control group and 10 sample for 1% and 10 samples for 1.5% for each test and from pilot study we choose the best percent of tantalum oxide nanoparticle 2- about the discussion we mention briefly about the improvement on the tear and thermal test View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Hasan RH. Peer Review Report For: The influence of tantalum oxide nanoparticle on thermal conductivity and tear strength after addition on maxillofacial silicone [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :189 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174668.r366037) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-189/v1#referee-response-366037 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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