Effect of porosity and pore size on the corrosion and compression behaviour of biomedical porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering

Effect of porosity and pore size on the corrosion and compression behaviour of biomedical porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of porosity and pore size on the corrosion and compression behaviour of biomedical porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering Isaac M Makena, Mxolisi B Shongwe, Glenda T Motsi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4894297/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Titanium alloys' exceptional mechanical qualities, remarkable corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility have made them popular choices for use as metallic materials in medical applications. Since solid titanium alloys have a larger elastic modulus than real human bones, porous titanium alloys are used in place of solid titanium alloys to get results that are comparable to those of human bones and meet orthopedic requirements. In this work, porous titanium was fabricated using powder metallurgy processes to study the effects of porosity and pore size on the compressive strength and electrochemical response. To obtain foams with varying pore features, the content of NaCl was varied between 0–80 vol. %. Furthermore, NaCl particles of varying sizes between 100 and 600 µm were employed. Subsequently, specimens underwent preparations for analysis using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to examine the microstructure. Additionally, 3D X-ray micro-CT scanning was used to provide detailed information on the foam porosities. The pore size of the sample affects its corrosion resistance against the 0.9 wt.%. NaCl solution and the lowest corrosion rate were recorded with the sample having the finest pores. Instead, with compressive strength the trend goes the other way round, i.e., strength increases with pore size. As expected, the compressive strength of the porous titanium was found to be showing a linear relationship with porosity. Porous titanium spark plasma sintering corrosion compressive strength Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 20 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 14 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Aug, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 14 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 11 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4894297","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":352067805,"identity":"5b6143ee-73af-4023-b556-69f4df198ce0","order_by":0,"name":"Isaac M Makena","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNhAhASIYHzAwHCBNC7MBKVogLAmitOi2H0t8XFBjYc/ffvhZNU/NHTl+BuaHDxj+2OHUYnYm7bDxjGMSiTPOpJnd5jn2zFiygc3YgIEnGbeWA+lt0jxsEgkMB3LYbvOwHU7ccADIZZBgxq3l/PP23zz/JOzlz79hK+b5B9NiUI9by420Y8y8bRKMG27ksAEZMC0Jh/FoeZYszdsnkbjxBtAbc/sOG0s2A/2ScOA4HoelGX7m+VZnL3c++eGHN98Oy/GzNz988OFPNU4tKICJB0SCPJ5AnAZgivlBrMpRMApGwSgYUQAAq1ZRqf6srYgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Tshwane University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Isaac","middleName":"M","lastName":"Makena","suffix":""},{"id":352067806,"identity":"75b8f574-921c-4db7-8354-416cef2913c7","order_by":1,"name":"Mxolisi B Shongwe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tshwane University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mxolisi","middleName":"B","lastName":"Shongwe","suffix":""},{"id":352067807,"identity":"0724ada9-94f7-4c23-a942-931b55505487","order_by":2,"name":"Glenda T Motsi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Johannesburg","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Glenda","middleName":"T","lastName":"Motsi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-11 08:13:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4894297/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4894297/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-025-00989-8","type":"published","date":"2025-05-13T15:57:04+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83067698,"identity":"528854f4-b8df-4de4-bab6-b396898cc258","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-19 16:04:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2468317,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4894297/v1_covered_ab1d52e6-3cfd-4ed2-9de7-bde685d7b291.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of porosity and pore size on the corrosion and compression behaviour of biomedical porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-bio--and-tribo-corrosion","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jbtc","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion](http://link.springer.com/journal/40735)","snPcode":"40735","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40735/3","title":"Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Porous titanium, spark plasma sintering, corrosion, compressive strength","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4894297/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4894297/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTitanium alloys' exceptional mechanical qualities, remarkable corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility have made them popular choices for use as metallic materials in medical applications. 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