Agricultural initiatives leading to social change: Role of Social Entrepreneurs a Case Study

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Agriculture addresses crucial issues such as poverty, resource scarcity, and degradation of the environment while promoting inclusive growth and resilience. This study looks at the convergence between social entrepreneurship and agriculture in India, using two case studies from rural districts of Karnataka. The study uses case study approaches to assess their business models, social effects, and sustainability strategies. The exclusive interview followed by observation is part of the study. The findings highlight the transformative impact of agri-social entrepreneurship on achieving sustainable growth and rural empowerment through rural employment generation, prevention of migration, and supportive income generation to rural women. Social Entrepreneurship Sustainability Agriculture Rural empowerment Case study Figures Figure 1 Figure 4 1. Introduction Agriculture has been the spine of civilization and forms the economic back of any global economy. All will fail if agriculture fails, as the pioneer of India's Green Revolution, M.S. Swaminathan says. It has also been pointed out that failure in agriculture itself has emerged as a forerunner warning of disaster for a country like India where it is constituting roughly half its GDP. Historically, India has been characterized as an agrarian economy, where agriculture constitutes 18.6% of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and engages 49.6% of the labor force, a significant portion of whom face underemployment and inadequate remuneration [ 29 , 32 , 34 ]. The pivotal role of agriculture within India's economic and social structure renders it a crucial sector for fostering economic development, addressing extreme poverty, and promoting inclusive prosperity. Nonetheless, the increasing intricacy of this sector necessitates an innovative strategy that considers economic, environmental, and social factors [ 2 , 33 , 50 ]. India, which is the most populous nation globally, urgently requires a harmonious integration of agricultural advancement and sustainable development, especially considering a projected global population reaching 10 billion by the year 2050 [ 28 ]. Despite its importance, the agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, and market stability variability [ 4 ]. These urgent concerns require innovative strategies to sustain food security, enhance economic resilience, and ensure social inclusion, thus requiring a careful implementation process. Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant means of meeting the contemporary problems that define the agricultural sector. In the development of rural areas, social entrepreneurship is used with other innovative tools aimed at fulfilling social goals with elements of ecology. Agri-enterprises demonstrate sustainable agriculture practices, which are mainly focused on counteracting some problems, such as restricted space for cultivation and lack of water supply. This ensures the sustainability and resilience of agricultural systems for a long time [ 5 , 14 , 36 ]. Social entrepreneurship promotes collaboration between local actors and resources, creating an entrepreneurial climate responsive to local needs and services. This method is important for regional development and keeping up with activities that might be [ 31 ]. The initiative aspires to bring social worth by upgrading livelihoods and empowering vulnerable people and sustainable practices rather than simply increasing production and money. In developed economies, social entrepreneurs have an important role in reducing socioeconomic problems such as unemployment, poverty, and exclusion of society; this social entrepreneur raises economic returns and impacts at the same time against critical social issues [ 3 , 35 , 43 ]. Social entrepreneurship in the agriculture sector has a much broader meaning than profit generation. It is a holistic structure of social, economic, and environmental sustainability [ 1 ]. Thus, with an increased importance on SDGs such as "No Poverty" and "Zero Hunger," the collaboration of social entrepreneurship and agriculture is required for sustainable success. Based on the analysis of strategies and methodologies used by agri-entrepreneurs, this research provides critical perspectives for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners and a framework for improving the agricultural sector through the prism of social enterprise. Despite increased interest in social entrepreneurship, relatively little research has been conducted on its relationship with agriculture. This study addresses this gap by investigating how agricultural entrepreneurial ventures can be classified as social entrepreneurship. This study examined two case studies from Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India - Eco Bliss , a manufacturer of eco-friendly areca leaf products, and Ananya Firm , a producer of cattle feed products to highlight the role of agri-entrepreneurs in promoting sustainable agricultural growth, economic resilience, and social inclusion. The exploration of these case studies not only highlights the positive impact of social entrepreneurship in agriculture but also sheds light on the enabling elements and difficulties that drive the expansion of agribusiness. The convergence of these sectors is critical for developing inclusive, long-term growth models capable of addressing some of the world's most pressing concerns in food security, rural development, and environmental protection. Understanding and promoting these creative ideas is critical for the future agriculture and well-being of millions worldwide. This article seeks to answer the following research questions by examining these firms' innovative methods and social impact: (i) Can agricultural entrepreneurship be considered social entrepreneurship? (ii) What role do social entrepreneurs play in tackling societal issues? (iii) What role do these activities promote sustainable rural development? This study adds to the literature in this field by discussing the convergence of social entrepreneurship and agriculture, hence giving insights on how agri-entrepreneurs can contribute to sustainable development. The research is done using case studies that describe the positive impacts of social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, yet simultaneously taking note of the challenges and support factors that improve the proliferation of this model in rural India. This convergence should be understood and promoted for achieving broader developmental objectives, ensuring food security, and dealing with the social and economic challenges of rural communities in contemporary society. Agri-social entrepreneurs involve persistent efforts that are aimed at addressing environmental issues, such as the constraints imposed by limited arable land and water scarcity. Such an approach ensures that agricultural systems remain enduringly viable and robust [ 5 , 14 ], since they link local stakeholders and resources to promote an entrepreneurial culture that caters to local demands and services. This is key for regional development and conserving activities that would otherwise disappear [ 31 , 37 , 49 ]. 2. Literature Review Social entrepreneurship within the agricultural sector has the potential to enhance rural economies by facilitating sustainable development, mitigating social exclusion, alleviating poverty, and fostering technological integration [ 15 , 41 ]. Emphasizing grassroots initiatives bolsters rural communities and encourages inclusive economic advancement by generating employment opportunities and supporting local entrepreneurial efforts [ 1 , 44 ]. This industry not only gives basic services to agricultural producers but also promotes technology and information dissemination while providing for their spiritual, material, and cultural needs. What distinguishes social entrepreneurship is that it can involve farmers in the value chain by determining social potential and leveraging that social potential. This helps agricultural producers take up procurement, manufacturing, marketing, and service or consumer roles, thereby promoting economic inclusivity [ 6 , 38 ]. Agri-social entrepreneurship is critical for sustainable regional development as it addresses social as well as economic challenges. It promotes rural youth and farmers to adopt social entrepreneurship as a way to tackle these problems and further enhance community development [ 9 , 40 ]. Its significance in the agricultural sector is increasing as a means to fight poverty and social issues, developing the rural sector through new technology and efficient use of resources [ 3 , 45 ]. Low-cost, quick, and accessible credit distribution strategies should be encouraged to make investments in this sector attractive [ 7 ] The importance of social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector is because it has the ability to promote economic and social equity, especially in rural communities. The goal is to eradicate poverty, improve community welfare, enhance quality of life and literacy, eliminate social inequities, and ensure environmental sustainability for future generations [ 8 , 47 ]. Agri-social entrepreneurship enhances the competitiveness and sustainability of rural communities by providing an innovative factor that allows them to adjust to global economic progress. Social entrepreneurship is a way of achieving sustainable development in globalization by enabling rural communities to address social and economic problems while ensuring sustainable growth and resilience. It therefore offers an effective framework in revitalizing rural economies with necessary societal objectives. The World Bank suggests that agricultural growth remains one of the most successful approaches to eradicate extreme poverty, promote inclusive prosperity, and meet the goal of feeding an expected 10 billion people by 2050. The agricultural sector remains a dominant segment in India, accounting for 47% of the population [ 7 ] and accounts for approximately 17% of the country's GDP [ 16 ]. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in generating global income [ 12 , 48 ]. Nevertheless, the productivity of agriculture in India lags behind that of Brazil, China, and the United States. Factors such as insufficient access to essential agricultural resources, including land, water, and fertilizers, alongside limited financial services, such as agricultural loans and crop insurance, contribute to the observed productivity disparity [ 10 ]. Technological innovations such as sensors, artificial intelligence, and integration of GPS have the capacity to transform agricultural outputs and address productivity challenges [ 13 , 42 , 46 ]. In addition to taking advantage of these breakthroughs, there is a need for documenting and recognition of inventions by farmers because institutional support and networking among stakeholders play a critical role in bringing about agricultural transformation [ 14 ]. Moreover, the policy for agricultural expansion needs to be all-inclusive. This is because there has to be a comprehensive social and economic consideration. Poverty reduction is possible through sustainable and inclusive farming practices by social entrepreneurs [ 15 ]. The agriculture industry can break productivity barriers with the help of technological progress combined with social entrepreneurship to have balanced economic and social development. Long-term growth and food security over the next few decades call for a holistic approach combining technological, social, and economic components. Investment in agriculture, especially through creative entrepreneurship, is vital for long-term rural development and for addressing the socioeconomic problems of rural regions [ 6 ]. Social entrepreneurship based on agri requires complex social factors, including community interaction, economic constraints, and cultural influence. Case studies are necessary in researching these problems as it gives detailed information regarding the operations of social enterprises within agricultural contexts [ 1 ]. This forms critical background material for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in promoting sustainable agriculture methods by exploring environmental, economic, and social concerns [ 25 ]. Recording detailed cases of agri-based social entrepreneurship becomes fundamental in knowledge sharing and learning through real-world applications. Successful case studies are useful in giving future entrepreneurs a pattern of how to handle their similar problems, showing successful methods and solutions [ 26 ]. This deep insight is important for the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices and stimulating innovation in the industry. Case studies offer in-depth insights into the administration of agricultural firms; hence, they help in creating appropriate management tools and strategies that would encourage sustainable development [ 27 ]. Social entrepreneurship in agriculture plays a crucial role in sustainable development by tackling issues like poverty, social exclusion, and economic challenges in rural areas. It empowers these communities through innovative solutions, the distribution of technology, and grassroots initiatives, fostering resilience, inclusive economic growth, and environmental sustainability. Agri-social entrepreneurship links farmers to value chains, enhances community well-being, and supports long-term regional development. This approach addresses social, economic, and environmental dimensions, bridging productivity gaps through technological advancements, institutional backing, and farmer-led innovations. Social entrepreneurship is driven by a mission to apply entrepreneurial strategies to address social issues, focusing on long-term benefits for society, particularly for disadvantaged or marginalized groups. It encourages resilience and equitable growth in agriculture by promoting innovation, community involvement, and environmental care, all of which are essential for meeting pressing societal needs. 3. Study design 3.1 Methods 3.1.1 Research design It involved applying a multiple-case study process to gather even deeper knowledge about agricultural social entrepreneurship. This approach is considered one of the effective ones to support findings drawn from analyses and in establishing illumination about the existing context, as has been made evident in this study as well [ 18 , 17 ] 3.1.2 Case selection This study uses agri-entrepreneurship groups as samples. Purposive sampling was used to gather exemplars by intentionally choosing those most appropriate to fully respond to the research questions and accounts for the phenomenon being examined [ 17 , 19 ]. Essential sources for this study consisted of the founders and the top management of two responsible agribusiness enterprises in Karnataka, India, Eco Bliss and Ananya Firm . Participants for this study were selected based on the following criteria: (i) active participation in social entrepreneurship in rural India, (ii) focus on issues related to social and environmental concerns through sustainable agriculture practices, and (iii) willingness to participate in this research. These two ventures provide a range of perspectives on agri-entrepreneurship, thereby yielding significant insights into how social entrepreneurship can address social issues in the agricultural industry. 3.1.3 Data Collection Given the purpose of this research, a case study approach to data collection was deemed appropriate. Two methods of data gathering were used, semi-structured interviews and document analysis, with the interviews serving as the primary data source. The interviews were conducted in the organization based on convenient dates and times. The interviews were aimed at eliciting thorough information about firms' backgrounds, objectives, and governance structures. In addition, valuable insights into the firm’s strategies, social responsibility, community engagement, and sustainable practices were gathered. All interviews were conversational, allowing for more in-depth questions. These interviews were conducted in person on the respondents' premises. The interviews were recorded with the participants' permission using a digital audio and video device and then transcribed verbatim. The interviews lasted for 30 to 50 minutes and were conducted in August 2024. 3.1.4 Data Analysis Qualitative data were analysed using the following approaches [ 21 , 20 , 18 ]. According to [ 18 ], case study data can be evaluated using one of four main analytical strategies: developing case descriptions, relying on theoretical prepositions, working with data from the ground up, and examining plausible rival explanations. This study aimed to explore and characterize the approach to impact investment; hence case description was used as an analytical tool. This study used case description as an analytical tool because the goal was to investigate and describe the approach to impact investment. [ 20 ] conducted three rounds of study to construct a case description, followed by [ 21 ]. The first phase began with data condensation, which involved coding the interview transcripts. More precisely, through careful reading and iterative processes, [ 22 ] coded parts of the data capturing the qualitative richness of the phenomenon. During this procedure, we used [ 23 ] peer review technique to address researcher bias. This peer review procedure is critical for ensuring the rigor and trustworthiness of the study findings [ 24 ]. The second phase of the investigation involved data display, with a focus on providing extensive descriptions of each case via within-case analysis. These instances were divided into the following categories: history, business model, funding channel, social impact, and sustainability practices. To confirm the accuracy and reliability, of the findings the informants reviewed the case descriptions. The final section consists of drawing and verifying the findings. Cross-case analysis was performed to determine similarities and differences between the two situations. Combining these data led to a consensus on key themes concerning the role of agri-entrepreneurs as social entrepreneurs. 4. Theoretical Model Source: Authors 4.1 Impact of Social Entrepreneurship Highlights social entrepreneurship's transformative role in tackling socioeconomic and environmental issues in agriculture. 4.2 Impact measurement Focuses on assessing social entrepreneurship's effects from an economic, environmental, and social standpoint. 4.3 Social performance It refers to the moral behavior of businesspeople who support sustainable techniques, fair trade, and treating rural communities fairly. 4.4 Social Impact Represents the benefits of social entrepreneurship in terms of revenue, well-being, and community development. 4.5 Environmental Impact To safeguard the environment, it is necessary to implement sustainable agriculture methods, use efficient resources, and conserve biodiversity. 4.6 Social Value creation Involves innovation and stakeholder involvement to promote inclusive growth and mutual benefits for communities. 4.7 Environmental Performance Measures the effectiveness of resource use and pollution control activities to reduce environmental degradation. 4.8 Environmental Efficacy Reflects faith in the ability of sustainable methods to dramatically minimize environmental harm while also achieving tangible ecological benefits. 5. Results and Discussion 5.1 Results Case A - Eco Bliss - A Rural Enterprise Combining Business and Social Impact Eco Bliss , an innovative rural enterprise situated in Vitla Padnoor village, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India shows the possibility of combining financial success with social benefits. Mr. Rajarama founded a firm, that makes and exports a variety of eco-friendly areca leaf items, most notably areca leaf plates, as an alternative to single-use plastic products. This firm supports environmental sustainability while addressing major social concerns such as poverty, unemployment, and ecological deterioration. Eco Bliss is a brilliant example of how a rural firm can benefit local communities while promoting growth and environmental balance. The process that led to the establishment of Eco Bliss stemmed from a personal desire to address the issues confronting his neighborhood. Mr. Rajarama's scholastic background in mechanical engineering and packaging, together with his work experience at CAMPCO's chocolate facility, provided him with the technical understanding required to start a business. However, his visit to a trade expo in Switzerland displaying eco-friendly items prompted him to make something sustainable and financially feasible out of the enormous resources of areca leaves in his region. After returning home, he began experimenting with different methods of using areca leaves, eventually constructing a machine capable of generating 10,000 plates in three months. The success of this machine established the product's commercial feasibility, clearing the door for the launch of Eco Bliss . Eco Bliss began with the goal of not just building a lucrative business but also making a beneficial social impact. At the time of its founding, Vitla Padnoor’s economy was highly reliant on low-wage jobs in the beedi (tobacco roll) business, which primarily employed women under arduous and unpleasant working conditions. The compensation was low, and the work was physically demanding. Eco Bliss presented a viable alternative by providing jobs that are both respectable and sustainable. The firm offers countless work opportunities, particularly for women, which allows them to have a positive impact on the local economy. Currently, Eco Bliss employs more than 500 people, most of whom are women. These employees receive various advantages, including transportation, housing, and meals, which considerably improve their quality of life. The beneficial impact extends beyond job creation; Eco Bliss has directly impacted over 1,200 households in the neighbourhood by providing a support system that goes far beyond wages. The firm's mission is cantered on environmental sustainability. Bliss produces biodegradable plates from areca leaves that have naturally fallen from areca palm plants. These leaves are a renewable resource because they shed annually, meaning no harm is caused to the tree or surrounding ecology during the harvesting process. This approach enables Eco Bliss to produce environmentally friendly and economically viable products. Bliss has turned to fallen leaves as a solution to the global plastic pollution crisis, reducing the need for harmful single-use plastics. The firm also embraces a closed-loop model by sourcing raw materials from local farmers and providing them with financial support. This approach not only minimizes waste but also promotes sustainable agricultural practices. In addition to the ecological advantages of using areca leaves, Eco Bliss has established a comprehensive waste management system to ensure that no materials go to waste during production. Any leftover materials from the manufacturing process can be repurposed in various ways, such as transforming unsuitable leaf remnants into valuable products like gardening compost, grow bags for plants, livestock feed, and even materials for mushroom cultivation. By adopting a zero-waste policy, Eco Bliss has significantly lessened its environmental footprint, showcasing how a manufacturing business can operate sustainably. This method not only fosters environmental responsibility but also creates new economic opportunities within the local community by turning waste into a valuable resource. Eco Bliss faces challenges because the availability of areca leaves varies, they are plentiful during the monsoon season but scarce in the dry season. To address this issue, the firm partnered with local farmers to ensure a steady supply of raw materials while also offering them extra income. Additionally, Eco Bliss promoted sustainable farming practices, fostering environmental responsibility within the community. Eco Bliss initially struggled to receive funding due to the firm's unique and environmentally focused character; nevertheless, it was able to secure the necessary money with the assistance of the Karnataka State Financial Corporation. This assistance allowed the firm to establish a manufacturing facility and hire local workers, resulting in much-needed job creation in economically depressed areas. Eco Bliss continues to support rural development by providing a stable source of income for the local population, particularly in places where economic opportunities are limited. Beyond employment, Eco Bliss has always strived to be socially impactful. The firm started to empower young people in the region towards entrepreneurship. Eco Bliss , with the aid of other NGOs, has implemented several projects aimed at offering technical education and support to would-be businesses. The group provides a buyback guarantee when buying products from up-and-coming entrepreneurs, thereby giving them a market to sell their goods and a way to success. So far, over 100 young people have been supported through the firm in setting up their own micro-enterprises, which enables the small business ecosystem within the region to be self-sustaining. This initiative has helped to instil entrepreneurial skills among youths, many of whom, in the absence of this effort, would have no easy opportunity to start and grow their businesses. Eco Bliss supports young entrepreneurs by collaborating with NGOs and banks to provide funding and mentorship, fostering a network of local businesses that enhance the local economy. Its holistic approach addresses environmental and social challenges by substituting plastic waste with biodegradable options, generating employment, aiding farmers, and promoting youth entrepreneurship. Eco Bliss exemplifies sustainable rural enterprises, delivering lasting advantages to both the community and the environment. Although a desire for commercial success drives the firm, it has never lost sight of its core goal of improving the lives of its community members and protecting the environment. Eco Bliss demonstrated that it is possible to run a profitable business while also benefiting society and the environment. A firm’s innovative business plan, which combines sustainable practices with social responsibility, is a useful road map for other firms in rural areas to make changes in their communities. Case B - Ananya Firm Empowering Rural Agriculture with Sustainable Solutions Mr. Govinda Bhat Divana is from an agricultural family and hence has a very good understanding of the problems rural farming areas face. Early exposure to agrarian culture has inspired a very strong desire to help farmers, particularly in rural Karnataka, India . His entrepreneurial initiative, based on his passion for agriculture and the motive of improving the lifestyle of the farmers in the locality, created Ananya Firm . This firm was into supplying quality cow feed and organic fertilizers. Upon completing his Bachelor of Commerce, he became a Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) agent. However, his commercial ambitions expanded more than what his position with LIC allowed. While working as a LIC agent, Mr. Bhat came to know that the agro-based sector, cow feed, was in tremendous growth. In 1998, he became the trader of a cow feed manufacturer in North Karnataka , India the biggest step towards his entrepreneurship dreams. This relationship allowed him to deliver up to 200 metric tons of cow feed monthly, and he acquired great knowledge in the bovine feed business and its channels. Mr. Bhat, being a dealer, experienced supply chain interruptions due to irregular operations by the manufacturer, thus affecting timely feed delivery to farmers and cattle health. Seeing an opportunity in the market, he took the bold step of opening his own cattle feed production unit to ensure that there was always a steady supply of quality feed. Despite the financial crunch, he mortgaged his car and borrowed from his relatives to finally start Ananya Firm in 1999, revolutionizing the local cow feed industry. Mr. Bhat could have, for strategic reasons selected Hubli as the location in which a production facility must be put up. That place facilitated easy access of essential raw materials such as jowar or sorghum, and maize, which, together compose an essential complement to cattle feed. That town was also well-distributed to easily feedback remote towns. The availability of raw resources along with the northern part of the Karnataka connection made it an ideal place to develop a manufacturing facility. Ananya Firm started working from a shed on lease. However, as demand for its products developed, the firm expanded and moved to a permanent location to meet the growing demands of production. ‘Chende’ a popular musical instrument among coastal Karnataka culture, brand for Ananya Firm's cattle feed sold under the tag soon garnered popularity for their quality consistency. The firm prepared specifically designed nutritionally balanced feeds suited for the cattle, therefore farmers need not worry about any disturbance in the production of such quality feed with constant flow. In a market filled with unreliable and low-quality feed, Chende stands out for its superior nutritional value and constant availability. Consequently, the brand became popular in rural areas, and farmers depended on Ananya Firm to supply them with feed for their livestock. A firm's dedication to quality and customer satisfaction significantly contributes to its rapid growth. Mr. Bhat's hands-on management style, focus on ethical practices, and commitment to understanding the needs of farmers distinguish Ananya Firm from its competitors. He consistently highlighted the importance of business ethics, stating, "If we follow ethics in business, people will remember us." This ethical foundation has fostered consumer trust and enhanced the company's reputation as a dependable supplier of cow feed in the region. Beyond cow feed, Ananya Firm has expanded its product line to adapt to the changing demands of the agricultural sector. As concerns about soil health and sustainability have increased, the company has introduced organic fertilizers. Organic agriculture is often seen as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers. These fertilizers, made from natural ingredients, enhance soil fertility and promote overall soil health. By developing organic fertilizers, Ananya Firm has effectively responded to the growing demand for eco-friendly farming solutions to support local farmers. The choice to enter the organic fertilizer sector was both a smart financial move and a step towards environmental responsibility. Organic fertilizers play a crucial role in reducing reliance on chemicals that can harm soil health over time. Ananya Firm has made a significant contribution to the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the area by offering farmers an eco-friendly alternative. The firm’s expansion into organic fertilizers aligns with its overarching mission to enhance agricultural technologies and promote sustainable farming practice Ananya Firm's growth has had a profound effect on the local economy and agricultural landscape. The firm has generated employment opportunities in the northern region of Karnataka, India , and nearby rural areas, hiring individuals for various roles in production, distribution, sales, and administration. By sourcing raw materials from local farmers, the firm has fostered a mutually beneficial relationship with the agricultural community. As Ananya Firm expanded, its network of suppliers and partners also grew, contributing to the overall development of the region. Mr. Bhat's vision for Ananya Firm has always been rooted in community development. He recognized that the economic success of the firm was intertwined with the well-being of the farmers he served. By providing high-quality cow feed and organic fertilizers, Mr. Bhat has empowered farmers to increase their agricultural output and profitability, leading to the growth of rural economies. Additionally, Ananya Firm's ethical business practices and commitment to quality have established it as a reliable partner for farmers, strengthening its position in the market. The business model of Ananya Firm illustrates how entrepreneurship can drive positive change in rural communities. By prioritizing the needs of farmers and delivering consistent, high-quality products, Mr. Bhat has created a company that not only meets agricultural demands but also fosters rural development. The firm’s focus on ethics, sustainability, and community growth is a testament to its mission. 5.2 Summary of findings Criteria Case A Case B Sector Manufacturing and exporting of areca leaf products Manufacturing of cattle feed Primary Business Production and sale of eco-friendly areca leaf products such as plates, cups, mugs, decorative items, etc. Production and sale of cattle feeds Social entrepreneurship focus • Employment creation • Rural development • Poverty alleviation • Societal development • Employment creation • Rural development • Addressing livestock malnutrition • Ethical business practices Innovation • Invented machine to produce areca plates • Innovative waste management techniques • Customized cattle feed production, based on the recommendation of veterinary doctors • Expansion of business into organic fertilizer Impact towards environment • Reduces plastic use • Sustainable agriculture promotion • Sustainable agriculture support Employment generation • Created employment for more than 500 people • Creation of livelihood for1200 families • Created employment opportunities for rural people • Supporting local agriculture Community Impact • Infrastructure improvement • Improvement in standard of living • Women empowerment • Improvement of livestock health and farmer income • Rural development • Reduction in Unemployment Sustainability focus • Eco-friendly products • Waste recycling • Promoting environmental conservation • Sustainable farming practice • Eco-friendly products • Promoting environmental conservation Business Philosophy • Offering good quality products without harming the environment during that process generation income. • Following ethics in business that results people to believe in the business Training and empowerment • Offers training to youth for start-ups • 100% buyback guarantee • Supply of machinery and technologies • Offers training to youths • Ethical business approach SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities. The firm works towards overall community development with an intention to uplift the community in general, household income in Particular The firm intends to maintain animal husbandry as an Income generating activity. In turn intending to be withheld dilution of community-based living. SDG17 Partnerships for the goals. A Mr. Rajaram has established a network of entrepreneurs who are guaranteed with their sales through Eco bliss. In a way with Intrapreneuership. Mr. Rajaram creates a partnership model for sustainable development Source: the authors 6. Discussion Social entrepreneurship is an aim-oriented strategy using new concepts of firms to tackle the problems of society. It focuses on both social and economic values that are created, most often focusing on areas of deprived population and issues such as poverty, inequality, and environmental disasters. It is described as a social business where profit is irrelevant, and the best thing is service to society. Agriculture's social entrepreneurship aims to empower rural communities, integrate farmers into value chains, and provide inclusive growth. It promotes long-term growth by utilizing technology, boosting resource availability, and cultivating grassroots innovation. Social entrepreneurs address economic and social concerns by providing critical services, disseminating technology, and advocating for community welfare. The cases of the Eco Bliss and Ananya Firms are referred to, to identify their characteristics and contribution to the field of agriculture equating them as social entrepreneurial ventures. It has been demonstrated that agricultural entrepreneurs embrace social entrepreneurship concepts by addressing economic, social, and environmental concerns in rural communities through both Mr. Rajarama and Mr. Bhat . These businesses are examples of how agri-entrepreneurship, focusing on social impacts, can create sustainable development in rural and urban areas. An agripreneurs contribute significantly to societal development by creating jobs, stewarding the environment, and empowering communities, thus, achieving several “Sustainable Development Goals” . 6.1 Social mission Mr. Rajarama and Mr. Govinda Bhat have the primary objective of providing service to the community. Both hail from an agricultural background have seen the ups and downs of agricultural communities. Having seen the problems from various angles, they have made up their minds to settle in the field of agriculture and show their talent to benefit the community through initiatives like areca leaf plates and cattle feed, respectively. Thus, it is evident that both demonstrate how social objectives play a significant role in solving agricultural problems through social entrepreneurship. 6.1.1 Eco-Bliss and Environmental Sustainability Mr. Rajarama leads Eco Bliss, by addressing rural poverty and environmental degradation through the innovative production of eco-friendly areca leaf plates. This initiative is more focused on the utilization of resources otherwise, it goes to waste. On the other hand, it also be a source of revenue to the producer in addition to scraping out single-use plastics as a biodegradable alternative, which contributes to worldwide efforts to reduce plastic pollution. The firm’s social impact goes beyond environmental sustainability; it provides dignified employment to both rural men and women residing in the same region who traditionally relied on low-wage labour such as coolie, beedi rolling and other unskilled jobs. Eco Bliss sustainably harnesses local resources by converting what would otherwise be agricultural waste fallen areca leaves into marketable items, providing economic value and fostering an environmental stewardship culture in the community. 6.1.2 Ananya Firm focuses on rural livelihoods : Mr. Bhat , addresses the critical demand for nutritious livestock feed in rural India, boosting animal health and, as a result, boosting the revenue potential of small-scale farmers. This enables farmers to boost productivity by assuring a consistent supply of high-quality cow feed, which has a direct impact on their economic well-being. Beyond cattle feed, the firm’s expansion into organic fertilizers displays its commitment to environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This enterprise promotes the spirit of social mission of uplifting the community’s revenue indirectly through its product as well as using of agricultural waste as raw material. In a way the idea behind is to develop sustainable agriculture. Both entrepreneurs go beyond the standard profit-driven business model by incorporating social and environmental aims into their firms. Their emphasis on creating jobs, increasing agricultural output, and encouraging sustainable methods demonstrates their agreement with the key values of social entrepreneurship. These companies serve as models for socially responsible agri-preneurship by combining economic viability with social and environmental responsibilities. 6.2 Rural Development mission The rural economy primarily inhibits India. The development of rural areas basically equated to the development of agriculture as well as a support system. It is understood that 60% of rural India depends upon the agricultural economy and the contribution to the GDP is 12% – 14%. It, is literally, a situation wherein lots of funding is being pooled to develop an underdeveloped economy without equivalent benefits out of it. Thus, this calls for individual effort at the community level to come out with new initiatives that can address multiple problems. Social entrepreneurship in agriculture has the potential to alter rural development by tackling socioeconomic difficulties, creating jobs, and alleviating poverty. The majority of rural inhabitants globally rely on agriculture for a living, yet many face challenges such as low productivity, poverty, and restricted job possibilities [ 12 ]. Both firm s have exhibited how an entrepreneur can translate rural resources into a tool for rural development. In the case of Mr. Rajarama , the area of operation is limited to a small village. Currently the standard of living of the people has increased considerably due to their employment with Eco Bliss. The per capita income has gone up as they formed the middle-class labourers in Eco Bliss instead of low-paid workers or the unemployed. It is also noted that approximately 300 families benefited due to the operation of Eco Bliss in their region. To commute the road facilities, show improvement over last 10 years. The surrounding areas are equipping themselves to embrace trading activities to cater to the needs of society. Theoretically, this can be recorded as community development or rural development (SDG 11). Mr. Bhat's goal for rural development centres on empowering farmers by producing and providing chemical-free cow feed, while also promoting sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices. As a result of his program, farmers have experienced increased milk production and healthier livestock, which has positively impacted their income and overall quality of life. His initiative has directly aided farming families by offering them affordable, high-quality feed, reducing their dependence on expensive, chemical-laden options. Over the last ten years, the region has witnessed a rise in agricultural output and a growing awareness of organic farming techniques. Additionally, the project has encouraged local farmers to collaborate, leading to the formation of small cooperatives and self-help groups that strive for collective progress and financial security. This initiative exemplifies rural development by fostering sustainable livelihoods and enhancing the socio-economic fabric of the community. 6.3 Empowering Local Economies Through Job Creation Eco Bliss provides ample job opportunities to both skilled and unskilled. It is observed that the local youth and household women are beneficiaries of this opportunity. The industry has provided such a work culture wherein the labourers have the option of working as per their capacity. The wage payment model as described by F.W.Taylor in his scientific management principles, Mr.Rajaram arranges wage payment as per the contribution of workers to the production site. The establishment of Eco Bliss in the village area has not only provided gainful employment to approximately 500 families but also could avoid the migration of skilled and unskilled labourers to the city. Thus, Eco Bliss acts as a change agent in the local community. This is consistent with the literature, which shows that social entrepreneurship can play an important role in promoting local economic stability by creating jobs, lowering poverty, and minimizing urban migration [ 9 ]. Ananya Firm has played a significant role in promoting rural development by sourcing local agricultural labour and creating job opportunities in the area. By concentrating on boosting local agricultural production and reducing input costs using cattle feed and organic fertilizers, the firm supports the long-term livelihoods of the community. This customized approach reflects the principles of social entrepreneurship, which aims to empower rural communities by utilizing local resources and tackling specific socioeconomic challenges in the region. 6.4 Environmental Sustainability Motto Mr. Rajaram a and Mr. Govinda Bhat are committed to promoting environmental sustainability. Eco Bliss specializes in creating biodegradable products from naturally fallen areca leaves, which would otherwise be discarded. Meanwhile, Ananya Firm focuses on producing chemical-free cattle feed, ensuring that the milk people consume is pure and healthy. They source various raw materials from local farmers to create their cattle feed. This method not only meets the demand for eco-friendly products but also enhances soil health and decreases dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Ananya Firm champions a system where environmental health contributes to the economic prosperity of rural farmers, highlighting the connection between social and environmental objectives in social entrepreneurship. Environmental sustainability plays a crucial role in social entrepreneurship within agriculture, especially regarding resource management and resilience to climate change. Agricultural companies tackle issues like rural poverty and unemployment while also providing solutions to environmental degradation and unsustainable farming methods. The study underscores the importance of agriculture in promoting environmental sustainability, with social enterprises viewed as vital to achieving this aim [ 8 ]. 6.5 Eco Bliss and Circular Economy Eco Bliss takes an eco-conscious approach by using a closed-loop production process. The company produces sustainable plates from areca leaves that would otherwise be discarded. Additionally, during the manufacturing of these plates, the natural byproducts of the raw material are repurposed for various uses, including manure, livestock feed, and mushroom cultivation. This not only minimizes waste but also fosters a circular economy. This approach demonstrates how social entrepreneurship in agriculture can address both environmental and social challenges while supporting the principles of a circular economy and promoting long-term sustainability. 6.6 Innovative and Technological Adaptation in Agri-Social Enterprises (SDG 9) Innovation plays a crucial role in social entrepreneurship within agriculture, as it allows entrepreneurs to tackle intricate social problems while boosting productivity. By adopting new production techniques and business management strategies, agri-social enterprises can enhance their viability and scalability [ 13 ]. Both firm’s examples highlight how vital innovation is in delivering sustainable solutions to the challenges faced in rural and agricultural settings. 6.6.1 Product innovation at Eco Bliss Firm uses a machinery-driven method of production of areca plates. It has both manual and automatic machines to produce various kinds of areca plates. These machines initially were not available and was in a very crude form. Being an engineer, Mr. Rajaram spent time in modifying machines for the customization of products. Modification or refinement in the existing concept is also referred as innovation. This breakthrough enabled the firm to expand its manufacturing and fulfil market demand, while also offering an environmentally beneficial alternative to single-use plastic. The technology-driven strategy not only increased production efficiency but also helped the firm to achieve its aim of being a sustainable, socially responsible enterprise. The firm demonstrates the importance of innovation in expanding social impact in agriculture by establishing a product that is both ecologically friendly and commercially profitable. 6.6.2 Operational Innovation at Ananya Firm Ananya Firm has pursued a twofold strategy for innovation, increasing its product line to include organic fertilizers. This initiative meets the increasing demand for sustainable farming inputs while prioritizing soil health, essential for long-term agricultural productivity. It employs organic fertilizers not only to tackle the immediate needs of the community but also to encourage eco-friendly practices that will support future generations. This illustrates how agri-social entrepreneurs can leverage innovation to enhance their product offerings and align with broader environmental and economic objectives. 6.7 Financial Challenges in the Role of Institutional Support Social entrepreneurship in agriculture frequently faces unique financial challenges, as many rural-focused enterprises struggle to secure consistent financing. The stories of Eco Bliss and Ananya Firm demonstrate the relevance of institutional assistance and inexpensive loans for the growth of social entrepreneurs in agriculture. 6.7.1 Funding Issues and Financial Institutions' Role: Eco Bliss heavily depended on the Karnataka State Financial Corporation for financial support during its initial stages, highlighting the challenges that ethical entrepreneurs often face in securing funding. In a similar vein, Govinda Bhat , the founder of Ananya Firm , had to tap into personal savings and informal loans to launch his business. This situation reveals a significant lack of formal financing options for agri-social enterprises, underscoring the need for targeted institutional support and inclusive financial policies. The study stresses the importance of providing affordable, timely, and inclusive credit to foster social entrepreneurship in agriculture [ 9 ]. Enhancing access to funding for agricultural social enterprises is vital for driving growth, amplifying social impact, and empowering social entrepreneurs to tackle pressing rural development challenges. 6.7.2 Empowering Rural Communities with Social Entrepreneurship Both the firms demonstrate the potential of social entrepreneurship to uplift rural communities by generating employment, enhancing skills, and fostering entrepreneurial initiatives. In agriculture, social entrepreneurship not only enhances economic growth but also builds social capital, strengthening the resilience of rural areas against socioeconomic challenges. Eco Bliss’s efforts to train local youth in micro-entrepreneurial activities highlight the potential of social entrepreneurship to enhance capacity in rural areas. The firm collaborates with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to support youth-led businesses through buy-back guarantees, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem of entrepreneurs that benefits the local economy. This serves as a strong motivator for aspiring entrepreneurs who often struggle with their ventures due to poor market research and challenges in reaching their customer base. The buyback scheme offered by Eco Bliss is a significant advantage for young entrepreneurs, allowing them to concentrate on producing quality goods while Eco Bliss manages the sales aspect. In a similar vein, Ananya Firm's ethical practices and dedication to sustainable agriculture resonate with its mission to empower rural farmers, contributing to the larger goal of community upliftment. Both firms illustrate how agricultural social entrepreneurship can enhance local social capital and foster equitable growth by integrating community empowerment into their fundamental business strategies. These examples align with research that underscores the importance of social entrepreneurship in tackling rural issues by utilizing local resources and fostering resilient communities [ 3 , 39 ] 7. Conclusion and Implications The cases of Eco Bliss and Ananya Firm illustrate how agripreneurs, guided by the principles of social entrepreneurship, can create a significant societal impact. Both firms emphasize that agricultural entrepreneurship transcends mere profit-making; it serves to tackle pressing social and environmental issues. These agripreneurs demonstrate that businesses can be profitable while also being socially responsible by focusing on job creation, poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability, and community empowerment. Eco Bliss addresses global environmental challenges while simultaneously generating sustainable economic opportunities for rural women. In a similar vein, Ananya Firm enhances cattle nutrition and advocates for organic farming, contributing to food security and sustainable agricultural practices. Both enterprises exemplify how agripreneurs can leverage local resources and respond to specific community needs, playing a vital role in fostering inclusive and sustainable economic growth in rural regions. This study underscores the significance of agri-entrepreneurship in facilitating long-term development. These agripreneurs illustrate that economic activities can extend beyond mere profit maximization to create societal value through innovation, environmental responsibility, and social inclusion. The findings suggest that agripreneurs are indeed social entrepreneurs, as their business models align with global initiatives aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable cities and communities.)12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 13 (Climate Action) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals) This research carries important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars in the fields of agri-entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. 7.1 For Policymakers Governments and financial institutions need to recognize the economic and social achievements of agripreneurs by offering more funding, training, and access to markets. These enterprises show that, with the right government backing, agri-social businesses can create lasting socioeconomic benefits in rural areas. Providing grants, tax incentives, and access to low-interest loans can significantly enhance the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship in agriculture. 7.2 For Agripreneurs and Practitioners The success of E co Bliss and Ananya firm proves that social and environmental goals can coexist with business objectives. Agriculture entrepreneurs should be encouraged to include social and environmental considerations while developing their business strategy. Agripreneurs can increase their influence by applying sustainable practices, cooperating with local communities, and reinvesting income in social programs. This ensures that their firms contribute to long-term social development. 7.3 For researchers and academics This study emphasizes the need for additional empirical research into the impact of social entrepreneurship in agriculture, particularly in rural development contexts. Future research should look into the scalability of these business models, as well as the specific mechanisms that Agri-social companies use to promote community resilience and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, frameworks for adequately assessing the social and environmental implications of agribusiness are required to guide both practitioners and policymakers. Development organizations and NGOs can use the success of agripreneurs such as Mr. Rajarama and Mr. Govinda Bhat to create initiatives that promote social entrepreneurship in agriculture. By providing training, technology, and market access, NGOs and development agencies may help more rural entrepreneurs embrace sustainable and socially responsible business practices. This work provided a strong empirical foundation for future research, although significant shortcomings must be addressed. First, because the study was based on two cases, the generalizability of our findings is limited. However, the cases revealed insights that thoroughly explained social entrepreneurship in agriculture and its significance in rural areas. Indeed, this is a start, and future studies should employ a larger sample size and possibly broaden the geographical reach to include other Asian countries to improve knowledge and create conclusive evidence. Second, the access to a few informants from each of the organizations involved in the study, the informants are owners or managers, employees, and residents who are actively involved in the operations of their organizations. Although they offered valuable information, future studies should include several informants to accomplish the triangulation of different perspectives. Finally, this study reveals that agripreneurs, when matched with social entrepreneurship principles, can be important drivers of rural and urban development. By concentrating on both economic growth and social impact, these businesses help to create a more sustainable and equitable future, while also providing vital lessons for stakeholders from all sectors. Eco Bliss offers a wide range of products, including plates and mugs as well as ornamental pieces. All of these goods are biodegradable, which means they break down naturally after use without harming the environment. This makes them an excellent alternative to plastic objects, which frequently wind up in landfills or oceans, contributing to global pollution. Eco Bliss is important in tackling the worldwide environmental crisis by providing eco-friendly alternatives to daily products. Both cases demonstrate how rural entrepreneurs can be change agents by using rural sentiments as resources. It is to be noted that both entrepreneurs, even after opportunities, have stressed the need to stay back in their village wherein their skills and capabilities can be exhibited for the village development. Their risk-taking propensity and an urge for achievement are highly noticed in their decision to stay back and work for the rural community. This aligns with the theory of social entrepreneurship, which rightly defines that they are responsible for social changes as their motto itself is social development. Declarations Clinical trial statement There is no clinical trial conducted in this study. Data availability The data for analysis in the study was based on personal interviews through audio recordings. The interviewer had a declaration mentioning maintaining the privacy of the participants and therefore, the data cannot be made public to protect study participant privacy. Acknowledgements We acknowledge the contribution of the expert panel for their reviews and feedback that enabled us to optimize the items in the instrument. Funding Open access funding is provided by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. This study has not received any funding from any institutions or agencies Author’s Contribution Suresh K M contributed to the conceptualization of the study, methodology design, and initial drafting of the manuscript. Harish G Joshi was responsible for data curation, formal analysis, and critical revision of the manuscript. Jyeshtaraja Joisa led the investigation, interpretation of results, and contributed significantly to manuscript editing and final approval. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Consent to Publish The authors confirm that they have given their consent for the publication of this manuscript. All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve its submission for publication. Where applicable, informed consent has been obtained from individuals involved in the study or case report. Ethics approval and Consent Statement This research has been conducted in strict accordance with existing ethical criteria due to its involvement with human interactions. It has obtained the necessary ethical clearance(Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) at Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India- issued on 14th December, 2021, indicating that “project comes seems to come under pure economic, social and managerial research. If there are no health-related aspects involved, then you may proceed without IEC clearance” from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) at Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India. In addition, during the implementation of this non-experimental research, the researcher collected written informed consent from all participants, assuring them that their personal information would be handled with the highest level of confidentiality. Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant Information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. References E. Hudcová, T. Chovanec, and J. Moudrý, “Social Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, a Sustainable Practice for Social and Economic Cohesion in Rural Areas: The Case of the Czech Republic,” European Countryside, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 377–397, Sep. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0022. W. Khan, M. Jamshed, and S. Fatima, “Contribution of agriculture in economic growth: A case study of West Bengal (India),” Journal of Public Affairs, vol. 20, no. 2, Nov. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2031. N. Bencheva, T. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6380080","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":458130071,"identity":"63d9e924-f8cd-41d4-b0b2-73914bcf1766","order_by":0,"name":"K M Suresha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"K","middleName":"M","lastName":"Suresha","suffix":""},{"id":458130072,"identity":"31041af6-f687-4d72-90c6-968af0e5b0c6","order_by":1,"name":"Harisha G Joshi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDUlEQVRIie3PsUoDMRzH8V8ItMudt55Y3yHQQUq1z3LHwd1yFsFFUPBAiIvuBQefweVw/B+BuqR07ViXzud4SzGnHeqQ09EhXwgkIR+SAC7XP0yYQawABzxQbVY9gBHajb+QavZN8CuBIWgJ93a7neSkv3ivmlf0g2BRqbN8Mj04ulsTrsZxYSGjh0woX4MfzqaROi+Ty95gLgg6sxJBKRST4GLlCUN4LMNIEJPKTpYbVE1LllqoUXlrSFYT23aQVQryW0K5UKxUhuTmlqKLbKB8GZq/5KJ6LN9iOdAXFM2zof1hKf9o5GkSBHpYN+V1/Px0/7Kub8bHNrIrTPbmZkTdx7+a/CQul8vl2usTk+dgX1AYWlAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Harisha","middleName":"G","lastName":"Joshi","suffix":""},{"id":458130073,"identity":"c670a6bd-34c6-4499-84bc-eec6c56de21e","order_by":2,"name":"Jyeshtaraja Joisa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jyeshtaraja","middleName":"","lastName":"Joisa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-05 06:08:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6380080/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6380080/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01886-3","type":"published","date":"2025-09-30T15:57:31+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83199089,"identity":"7b0686e8-2ee8-4716-b4a9-b0f6e5f9eac1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-21 06:07:05","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":268534,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheoretical Model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource: Authors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6380080/v1/7492203783b9eb0e84fac6d3.jpeg"},{"id":83199091,"identity":"89017726-44d6-43af-ac14-ab141ab86a50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-21 06:07:05","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":268534,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTheoretical Model\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource: Authors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6380080/v1/f5c3240e72043dff4707eed7.jpeg"},{"id":92884920,"identity":"db9c8bdd-131d-4101-aaee-62f7be471482","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:14:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1708269,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6380080/v1/a5fbf653-b99d-441a-931a-71b395b2c95e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Agricultural initiatives leading to social change: Role of Social Entrepreneurs a Case Study","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAgriculture has been the spine of civilization and forms the economic back of any global economy. All will fail if agriculture fails, as the pioneer of India's Green Revolution, M.S. Swaminathan says. It has also been pointed out that failure in agriculture itself has emerged as a forerunner warning of disaster for a country like India where it is constituting roughly half its GDP. Historically, India has been characterized as an agrarian economy, where agriculture constitutes 18.6% of the nation\u0026rsquo;s gross domestic product (GDP) and engages 49.6% of the labor force, a significant portion of whom face underemployment and inadequate remuneration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pivotal role of agriculture within India's economic and social structure renders it a crucial sector for fostering economic development, addressing extreme poverty, and promoting inclusive prosperity. Nonetheless, the increasing intricacy of this sector necessitates an innovative strategy that considers economic, environmental, and social factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e]. India, which is the most populous nation globally, urgently requires a harmonious integration of agricultural advancement and sustainable development, especially considering a projected global population reaching 10\u0026nbsp;billion by the year 2050 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite its importance, the agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, and market stability variability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. These urgent concerns require innovative strategies to sustain food security, enhance economic resilience, and ensure social inclusion, thus requiring a careful implementation process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant means of meeting the contemporary problems that define the agricultural sector. In the development of rural areas, social entrepreneurship is used with other innovative tools aimed at fulfilling social goals with elements of ecology. Agri-enterprises demonstrate sustainable agriculture practices, which are mainly focused on counteracting some problems, such as restricted space for cultivation and lack of water supply. This ensures the sustainability and resilience of agricultural systems for a long time [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. Social entrepreneurship promotes collaboration between local actors and resources, creating an entrepreneurial climate responsive to local needs and services. This method is important for regional development and keeping up with activities that might be [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe initiative aspires to bring social worth by upgrading livelihoods and empowering vulnerable people and sustainable practices rather than simply increasing production and money. In developed economies, social entrepreneurs have an important role in reducing socioeconomic problems such as unemployment, poverty, and exclusion of society; this social entrepreneur raises economic returns and impacts at the same time against critical social issues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. Social entrepreneurship in the agriculture sector has a much broader meaning than profit generation. It is a holistic structure of social, economic, and environmental sustainability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, with an increased importance on SDGs such as \"No Poverty\" and \"Zero Hunger,\" the collaboration of social entrepreneurship and agriculture is required for sustainable success. Based on the analysis of strategies and methodologies used by agri-entrepreneurs, this research provides critical perspectives for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners and a framework for improving the agricultural sector through the prism of social enterprise.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite increased interest in social entrepreneurship, relatively little research has been conducted on its relationship with agriculture. This study addresses this gap by investigating how agricultural entrepreneurial ventures can be classified as social entrepreneurship. This study examined two case studies from Dakshina Kannada, \u003cem\u003eKarnataka, India\u003c/em\u003e - \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e, a manufacturer of eco-friendly areca leaf products, and \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e, a producer of cattle feed products to highlight the role of agri-entrepreneurs in promoting sustainable agricultural growth, economic resilience, and social inclusion. The exploration of these case studies not only highlights the positive impact of social entrepreneurship in agriculture but also sheds light on the enabling elements and difficulties that drive the expansion of agribusiness. The convergence of these sectors is critical for developing inclusive, long-term growth models capable of addressing some of the world's most pressing concerns in food security, rural development, and environmental protection. Understanding and promoting these creative ideas is critical for the future agriculture and well-being of millions worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis article seeks to answer the following research questions by examining these firms' innovative methods and social impact: (i) Can agricultural entrepreneurship be considered social entrepreneurship? (ii) What role do social entrepreneurs play in tackling societal issues? (iii) What role do these activities promote sustainable rural development? This study adds to the literature in this field by discussing the convergence of social entrepreneurship and agriculture, hence giving insights on how agri-entrepreneurs can contribute to sustainable development. The research is done using case studies that describe the positive impacts of social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, yet simultaneously taking note of the challenges and support factors that improve the proliferation of this model in rural India. This convergence should be understood and promoted for achieving broader developmental objectives, ensuring food security, and dealing with the social and economic challenges of rural communities in contemporary society.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgri-social entrepreneurs involve persistent efforts that are aimed at addressing environmental issues, such as the constraints imposed by limited arable land and water scarcity. Such an approach ensures that agricultural systems remain enduringly viable and robust [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], since they link local stakeholders and resources to promote an entrepreneurial culture that caters to local demands and services. This is key for regional development and conserving activities that would otherwise disappear [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Literature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship within the agricultural sector has the potential to enhance rural economies by facilitating sustainable development, mitigating social exclusion, alleviating poverty, and fostering technological integration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. Emphasizing grassroots initiatives bolsters rural communities and encourages inclusive economic advancement by generating employment opportunities and supporting local entrepreneurial efforts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. This industry not only gives basic services to agricultural producers but also promotes technology and information dissemination while providing for their spiritual, material, and cultural needs. What distinguishes social entrepreneurship is that it can involve farmers in the value chain by determining social potential and leveraging that social potential. This helps agricultural producers take up procurement, manufacturing, marketing, and service or consumer roles, thereby promoting economic inclusivity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Agri-social entrepreneurship is critical for sustainable regional development as it addresses social as well as economic challenges. It promotes rural youth and farmers to adopt social entrepreneurship as a way to tackle these problems and further enhance community development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. Its significance in the agricultural sector is increasing as a means to fight poverty and social issues, developing the rural sector through new technology and efficient use of resources [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Low-cost, quick, and accessible credit distribution strategies should be encouraged to make investments in this sector attractive [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of social entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector is because it has the ability to promote economic and social equity, especially in rural communities. The goal is to eradicate poverty, improve community welfare, enhance quality of life and literacy, eliminate social inequities, and ensure environmental sustainability for future generations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]. Agri-social entrepreneurship enhances the competitiveness and sustainability of rural communities by providing an innovative factor that allows them to adjust to global economic progress. Social entrepreneurship is a way of achieving sustainable development in globalization by enabling rural communities to address social and economic problems while ensuring sustainable growth and resilience. It therefore offers an effective framework in revitalizing rural economies with necessary societal objectives. The World Bank suggests that agricultural growth remains one of the most successful approaches to eradicate extreme poverty, promote inclusive prosperity, and meet the goal of feeding an expected 10\u0026nbsp;billion people by 2050. The agricultural sector remains a dominant segment in India, accounting for 47% of the population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e] and accounts for approximately 17% of the country's GDP [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe agricultural sector plays a significant role in generating global income [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, the productivity of agriculture in India lags behind that of Brazil, China, and the United States. Factors such as insufficient access to essential agricultural resources, including land, water, and fertilizers, alongside limited financial services, such as agricultural loans and crop insurance, contribute to the observed productivity disparity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Technological innovations such as sensors, artificial intelligence, and integration of GPS have the capacity to transform agricultural outputs and address productivity challenges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition to taking advantage of these breakthroughs, there is a need for documenting and recognition of inventions by farmers because institutional support and networking among stakeholders play a critical role in bringing about agricultural transformation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the policy for agricultural expansion needs to be all-inclusive. This is because there has to be a comprehensive social and economic consideration. Poverty reduction is possible through sustainable and inclusive farming practices by social entrepreneurs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe agriculture industry can break productivity barriers with the help of technological progress combined with social entrepreneurship to have balanced economic and social development. Long-term growth and food security over the next few decades call for a holistic approach combining technological, social, and economic components. Investment in agriculture, especially through creative entrepreneurship, is vital for long-term rural development and for addressing the socioeconomic problems of rural regions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Social entrepreneurship based on agri requires complex social factors, including community interaction, economic constraints, and cultural influence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase studies are necessary in researching these problems as it gives detailed information regarding the operations of social enterprises within agricultural contexts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. This forms critical background material for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners interested in promoting sustainable agriculture methods by exploring environmental, economic, and social concerns [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Recording detailed cases of agri-based social entrepreneurship becomes fundamental in knowledge sharing and learning through real-world applications. Successful case studies are useful in giving future entrepreneurs a pattern of how to handle their similar problems, showing successful methods and solutions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. This deep insight is important for the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices and stimulating innovation in the industry. Case studies offer in-depth insights into the administration of agricultural firms; hence, they help in creating appropriate management tools and strategies that would encourage sustainable development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship in agriculture plays a crucial role in sustainable development by tackling issues like poverty, social exclusion, and economic challenges in rural areas. It empowers these communities through innovative solutions, the distribution of technology, and grassroots initiatives, fostering resilience, inclusive economic growth, and environmental sustainability. Agri-social entrepreneurship links farmers to value chains, enhances community well-being, and supports long-term regional development. This approach addresses social, economic, and environmental dimensions, bridging productivity gaps through technological advancements, institutional backing, and farmer-led innovations. Social entrepreneurship is driven by a mission to apply entrepreneurial strategies to address social issues, focusing on long-term benefits for society, particularly for disadvantaged or marginalized groups. It encourages resilience and equitable growth in agriculture by promoting innovation, community involvement, and environmental care, all of which are essential for meeting pressing societal needs.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Study design","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.1 Research design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt involved applying a multiple-case study process to gather even deeper knowledge about agricultural social entrepreneurship. This approach is considered one of the effective ones to support findings drawn from analyses and in establishing illumination about the existing context, as has been made evident in this study as well [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.2 Case selection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study uses agri-entrepreneurship groups as samples. Purposive sampling was used to gather exemplars by intentionally choosing those most appropriate to fully respond to the research questions and accounts for the phenomenon being examined [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Essential sources for this study consisted of the founders and the top management of two responsible agribusiness enterprises in \u003cem\u003eKarnataka, India, Eco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e. Participants for this study were selected based on the following criteria: (i) active participation in social entrepreneurship in rural India, (ii) focus on issues related to social and environmental concerns through sustainable agriculture practices, and (iii) willingness to participate in this research. These two ventures provide a range of perspectives on agri-entrepreneurship, thereby yielding significant insights into how social entrepreneurship can address social issues in the agricultural industry.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.3 Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiven the purpose of this research, a case study approach to data collection was deemed appropriate. Two methods of data gathering were used, semi-structured interviews and document analysis, with the interviews serving as the primary data source. The interviews were conducted in the organization based on convenient dates and times. The interviews were aimed at eliciting thorough information about firms' backgrounds, objectives, and governance structures. In addition, valuable insights into the firm\u0026rsquo;s strategies, social responsibility, community engagement, and sustainable practices were gathered. All interviews were conversational, allowing for more in-depth questions. These interviews were conducted in person on the respondents' premises. The interviews were recorded with the participants' permission using a digital audio and video device and then transcribed verbatim. The interviews lasted for 30 to 50 minutes and were conducted in August 2024.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1.4 Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eQualitative data were analysed using the following approaches [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. According to [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], case study data can be evaluated using one of four main analytical strategies: developing case descriptions, relying on theoretical prepositions, working with data from the ground up, and examining plausible rival explanations. This study aimed to explore and characterize the approach to impact investment; hence case description was used as an analytical tool. This study used case description as an analytical tool because the goal was to investigate and describe the approach to impact investment. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] conducted three rounds of study to construct a case description, followed by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The first phase began with data condensation, which involved coding the interview transcripts. More precisely, through careful reading and iterative processes, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e] coded parts of the data capturing the qualitative richness of the phenomenon. During this procedure, we used [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] peer review technique to address researcher bias. This peer review procedure is critical for ensuring the rigor and trustworthiness of the study findings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe second phase of the investigation involved data display, with a focus on providing extensive descriptions of each case via within-case analysis. These instances were divided into the following categories: history, business model, funding channel, social impact, and sustainability practices. To confirm the accuracy and reliability, of the findings the informants reviewed the case descriptions. The final section consists of drawing and verifying the findings. Cross-case analysis was performed to determine similarities and differences between the two situations. Combining these data led to a consensus on key themes concerning the role of agri-entrepreneurs as social entrepreneurs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Theoretical Model","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eSource: Authors\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Impact of Social Entrepreneurship\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighlights social entrepreneurship's transformative role in tackling socioeconomic and environmental issues in agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Impact measurement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocuses on assessing social entrepreneurship's effects from an economic, environmental, and social standpoint.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3 Social performance\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt refers to the moral behavior of businesspeople who support sustainable techniques, fair trade, and treating rural communities fairly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.4 Social Impact\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepresents the benefits of social entrepreneurship in terms of revenue, well-being, and community development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.5 Environmental Impact\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo safeguard the environment, it is necessary to implement sustainable agriculture methods, use efficient resources, and conserve biodiversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.6 Social Value creation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolves innovation and stakeholder involvement to promote inclusive growth and mutual benefits for communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.7 Environmental Performance\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures the effectiveness of resource use and pollution control activities to reduce environmental degradation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.8 Environmental Efficacy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflects faith in the ability of sustainable methods to dramatically minimize environmental harm while also achieving tangible ecological benefits.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Results\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCase A - Eco Bliss - A Rural Enterprise Combining Business and Social Impact\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e, an innovative rural enterprise situated in \u003cem\u003eVitla Padnoor\u003c/em\u003e village, \u003cem\u003eDakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India\u003c/em\u003e shows the possibility of combining financial success with social benefits. \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama\u003c/em\u003e founded a firm, that makes and exports a variety of eco-friendly areca leaf items, most notably areca leaf plates, as an alternative to single-use plastic products. This firm supports environmental sustainability while addressing major social concerns such as poverty, unemployment, and ecological deterioration. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e is a brilliant example of how a rural firm can benefit local communities while promoting growth and environmental balance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe process that led to the establishment of \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e stemmed from a personal desire to address the issues confronting his neighborhood. \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama's\u003c/em\u003e scholastic background in mechanical engineering and packaging, together with his work experience at CAMPCO's chocolate facility, provided him with the technical understanding required to start a business. However, his visit to a trade expo in Switzerland displaying eco-friendly items prompted him to make something sustainable and financially feasible out of the enormous resources of areca leaves in his region. After returning home, he began experimenting with different methods of using areca leaves, eventually constructing a machine capable of generating 10,000 plates in three months. The success of this machine established the product's commercial feasibility, clearing the door for the launch of \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e began with the goal of not just building a lucrative business but also making a beneficial social impact. At the time of its founding, \u003cem\u003eVitla Padnoor\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/em\u003e economy was highly reliant on low-wage jobs in the beedi (tobacco roll) business, which primarily employed women under arduous and unpleasant working conditions. The compensation was low, and the work was physically demanding. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e presented a viable alternative by providing jobs that are both respectable and sustainable. The firm offers countless work opportunities, particularly for women, which allows them to have a positive impact on the local economy. Currently, \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e employs more than 500 people, most of whom are women. These employees receive various advantages, including transportation, housing, and meals, which considerably improve their quality of life. The beneficial impact extends beyond job creation; \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e has directly impacted over 1,200 households in the neighbourhood by providing a support system that goes far beyond wages.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe firm's mission is cantered on environmental sustainability. \u003cem\u003eBliss\u003c/em\u003e produces biodegradable plates from areca leaves that have naturally fallen from areca palm plants. These leaves are a renewable resource because they shed annually, meaning no harm is caused to the tree or surrounding ecology during the harvesting process. This approach enables \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e to produce environmentally friendly and economically viable products. \u003cem\u003eBliss\u003c/em\u003e has turned to fallen leaves as a solution to the global plastic pollution crisis, reducing the need for harmful single-use plastics. The firm also embraces a closed-loop model by sourcing raw materials from local farmers and providing them with financial support. This approach not only minimizes waste but also promotes sustainable agricultural practices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to the ecological advantages of using areca leaves, \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e has established a comprehensive waste management system to ensure that no materials go to waste during production. Any leftover materials from the manufacturing process can be repurposed in various ways, such as transforming unsuitable leaf remnants into valuable products like gardening compost, grow bags for plants, livestock feed, and even materials for mushroom cultivation. By adopting a zero-waste policy, \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e has significantly lessened its environmental footprint, showcasing how a manufacturing business can operate sustainably. This method not only fosters environmental responsibility but also creates new economic opportunities within the local community by turning waste into a valuable resource. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e faces challenges because the availability of areca leaves varies, they are plentiful during the monsoon season but scarce in the dry season. To address this issue, the firm partnered with local farmers to ensure a steady supply of raw materials while also offering them extra income. Additionally, Eco Bliss promoted sustainable farming practices, fostering environmental responsibility within the community.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e initially struggled to receive funding due to the firm's unique and environmentally focused character; nevertheless, it was able to secure the necessary money with the assistance of the \u003cem\u003eKarnataka\u003c/em\u003e State Financial Corporation. This assistance allowed the firm to establish a manufacturing facility and hire local workers, resulting in much-needed job creation in economically depressed areas. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e continues to support rural development by providing a stable source of income for the local population, particularly in places where economic opportunities are limited.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond employment, \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e has always strived to be socially impactful. The firm started to empower young people in the region towards entrepreneurship. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e, with the aid of other NGOs, has implemented several projects aimed at offering technical education and support to would-be businesses. The group provides a buyback guarantee when buying products from up-and-coming entrepreneurs, thereby giving them a market to sell their goods and a way to success. So far, over 100 young people have been supported through the firm in setting up their own micro-enterprises, which enables the small business ecosystem within the region to be self-sustaining. This initiative has helped to instil entrepreneurial skills among youths, many of whom, in the absence of this effort, would have no easy opportunity to start and grow their businesses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e supports young entrepreneurs by collaborating with NGOs and banks to provide funding and mentorship, fostering a network of local businesses that enhance the local economy. Its holistic approach addresses environmental and social challenges by substituting plastic waste with biodegradable options, generating employment, aiding farmers, and promoting youth entrepreneurship. Eco Bliss exemplifies sustainable rural enterprises, delivering lasting advantages to both the community and the environment. Although a desire for commercial success drives the firm, it has never lost sight of its core goal of improving the lives of its community members and protecting the environment. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e demonstrated that it is possible to run a profitable business while also benefiting society and the environment. A firm\u0026rsquo;s innovative business plan, which combines sustainable practices with social responsibility, is a useful road map for other firms in rural areas to make changes in their communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCase B - Ananya Firm Empowering Rural Agriculture with Sustainable Solutions\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMr. Govinda Bhat Divana\u003c/em\u003e is from an agricultural family and hence has a very good understanding of the problems rural farming areas face. Early exposure to agrarian culture has inspired a very strong desire to help farmers, particularly in rural \u003cem\u003eKarnataka, India\u003c/em\u003e. His entrepreneurial initiative, based on his passion for agriculture and the motive of improving the lifestyle of the farmers in the locality, created \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e. This firm was into supplying quality cow feed and organic fertilizers. Upon completing his Bachelor of Commerce, he became a Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) agent. However, his commercial ambitions expanded more than what his position with LIC allowed. While working as a LIC agent, \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e came to know that the agro-based sector, cow feed, was in tremendous growth. In 1998, he became the trader of a cow feed manufacturer in North \u003cem\u003eKarnataka\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eIndia\u003c/em\u003e the biggest step towards his entrepreneurship dreams. This relationship allowed him to deliver up to 200 metric tons of cow feed monthly, and he acquired great knowledge in the bovine feed business and its channels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMr. Bhat, being a dealer, experienced supply chain interruptions due to irregular operations by the manufacturer, thus affecting timely feed delivery to farmers and cattle health. Seeing an opportunity in the market, he took the bold step of opening his own cattle feed production unit to ensure that there was always a steady supply of quality feed. Despite the financial crunch, he mortgaged his car and borrowed from his relatives to finally start Ananya Firm in 1999, revolutionizing the local cow feed industry. \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e could have, for strategic reasons selected Hubli as the location in which a production facility must be put up. That place facilitated easy access of essential raw materials such as jowar or sorghum, and maize, which, together compose an essential complement to cattle feed. That town was also well-distributed to easily feedback remote towns. The availability of raw resources along with the northern part of the \u003cem\u003eKarnataka\u003c/em\u003e connection made it an ideal place to develop a manufacturing facility. \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e started working from a shed on lease. However, as demand for its products developed, the firm expanded and moved to a permanent location to meet the growing demands of production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lsquo;Chende\u0026rsquo; a popular musical instrument among coastal \u003cem\u003eKarnataka\u003c/em\u003e culture, brand for \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm's\u003c/em\u003e cattle feed sold under the tag soon garnered popularity for their quality consistency. The firm prepared specifically designed nutritionally balanced feeds suited for the cattle, therefore farmers need not worry about any disturbance in the production of such quality feed with constant flow. In a market filled with unreliable and low-quality feed, Chende stands out for its superior nutritional value and constant availability. Consequently, the brand became popular in rural areas, and farmers depended on Ananya Firm to supply them with feed for their livestock. A firm's dedication to quality and customer satisfaction significantly contributes to its rapid growth. \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat's\u003c/em\u003e hands-on management style, focus on ethical practices, and commitment to understanding the needs of farmers distinguish \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e from its competitors. He consistently highlighted the importance of business ethics, stating, \"If we follow ethics in business, people will remember us.\" This ethical foundation has fostered consumer trust and enhanced the company's reputation as a dependable supplier of cow feed in the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeyond cow feed, \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e has expanded its product line to adapt to the changing demands of the agricultural sector. As concerns about soil health and sustainability have increased, the company has introduced organic fertilizers. Organic agriculture is often seen as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers. These fertilizers, made from natural ingredients, enhance soil fertility and promote overall soil health. By developing organic fertilizers, Ananya Firm has effectively responded to the growing demand for eco-friendly farming solutions to support local farmers. The choice to enter the organic fertilizer sector was both a smart financial move and a step towards environmental responsibility. Organic fertilizers play a crucial role in reducing reliance on chemicals that can harm soil health over time. Ananya Firm has made a significant contribution to the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the area by offering farmers an eco-friendly alternative. The firm\u0026rsquo;s expansion into organic fertilizers aligns with its overarching mission to enhance agricultural technologies and promote sustainable farming practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm's\u003c/em\u003e growth has had a profound effect on the local economy and agricultural landscape. The firm has generated employment opportunities in the northern region of \u003cem\u003eKarnataka, India\u003c/em\u003e, and nearby rural areas, hiring individuals for various roles in production, distribution, sales, and administration. By sourcing raw materials from local farmers, the firm has fostered a mutually beneficial relationship with the agricultural community. As \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e expanded, its network of suppliers and partners also grew, contributing to the overall development of the region. \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat's\u003c/em\u003e vision for \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e has always been rooted in community development. He recognized that the economic success of the firm was intertwined with the well-being of the farmers he served. By providing high-quality cow feed and organic fertilizers, \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e has empowered farmers to increase their agricultural output and profitability, leading to the growth of rural economies. Additionally, \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm's\u003c/em\u003e ethical business practices and commitment to quality have established it as a reliable partner for farmers, strengthening its position in the market.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe business model of \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e illustrates how entrepreneurship can drive positive change in rural communities. By prioritizing the needs of farmers and delivering consistent, high-quality products, \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e has created a company that not only meets agricultural demands but also fosters rural development. The firm\u0026rsquo;s focus on ethics, sustainability, and community growth is a testament to its mission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2 Summary of findings\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriteria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase B\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSector\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacturing and exporting of areca leaf products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacturing of cattle feed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Business\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and sale of eco-friendly areca leaf products such as plates, cups, mugs, decorative items, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and sale of cattle feeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship focus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Employment creation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Rural development\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Poverty alleviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Societal development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Employment creation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Rural development\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Addressing livestock malnutrition\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Ethical business practices\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnovation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Invented machine to produce areca plates\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Innovative waste management techniques\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Customized cattle feed production, based on the recommendation of veterinary doctors\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Expansion of business into organic fertilizer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact towards environment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Reduces plastic use\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Sustainable agriculture promotion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Sustainable agriculture support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment generation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Created employment for more than 500 people\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Creation of livelihood for1200 families\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Created employment opportunities for rural people\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Supporting local agriculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunity Impact\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Infrastructure improvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Improvement in standard of living\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Women empowerment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Improvement of livestock health and farmer income\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Rural development\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Reduction in Unemployment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainability focus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Eco-friendly products\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Waste recycling\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Promoting environmental conservation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Sustainable farming practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Eco-friendly products\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Promoting environmental conservation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Offering good quality products without harming the environment during that process generation income.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Following ethics in business that results people to believe in the business\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining and empowerment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Offers training to youth for start-ups\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; 100% buyback guarantee\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Supply of machinery and technologies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Offers training to youths\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Ethical business approach\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDG11 Sustainable cities and communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe firm works towards overall community development with an intention to uplift the community in general, household income in Particular\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe firm intends to maintain animal husbandry as an Income generating activity. In turn intending to be withheld dilution of community-based living.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDG17 Partnerships for the goals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Mr. Rajaram has established a network of entrepreneurs who are guaranteed with their sales through Eco bliss. In a way with Intrapreneuership. Mr. Rajaram creates a partnership model for sustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eSource: the authors\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship is an aim-oriented strategy using new concepts of firms to tackle the problems of society. It focuses on both social and economic values that are created, most often focusing on areas of deprived population and issues such as poverty, inequality, and environmental disasters. It is described as a social business where profit is irrelevant, and the best thing is service to society. Agriculture's social entrepreneurship aims to empower rural communities, integrate farmers into value chains, and provide inclusive growth. It promotes long-term growth by utilizing technology, boosting resource availability, and cultivating grassroots innovation. Social entrepreneurs address economic and social concerns by providing critical services, disseminating technology, and advocating for community welfare.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cases of the \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firms\u003c/em\u003e are referred to, to identify their characteristics and contribution to the field of agriculture equating them as social entrepreneurial ventures. It has been demonstrated that agricultural entrepreneurs embrace social entrepreneurship concepts by addressing economic, social, and environmental concerns in rural communities through both \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama and Mr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e. These businesses are examples of how agri-entrepreneurship, focusing on social impacts, can create sustainable development in rural and urban areas. An agripreneurs contribute significantly to societal development by creating jobs, stewarding the environment, and empowering communities, thus, achieving several \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Sustainable Development Goals\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.1 Social mission\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama and Mr. Govinda Bhat\u003c/em\u003e have the primary objective of providing service to the community. Both hail from an agricultural background have seen the ups and downs of agricultural communities. Having seen the problems from various angles, they have made up their minds to settle in the field of agriculture and show their talent to benefit the community through initiatives like areca leaf plates and cattle feed, respectively. Thus, it is evident that both demonstrate how social objectives play a significant role in solving agricultural problems through social entrepreneurship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.1.1 Eco-Bliss and Environmental Sustainability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMr. Rajarama leads Eco Bliss, by addressing rural poverty and environmental degradation through the innovative production of eco-friendly areca leaf plates. This initiative is more focused on the utilization of resources otherwise, it goes to waste. On the other hand, it also be a source of revenue to the producer in addition to scraping out single-use plastics as a biodegradable alternative, which contributes to worldwide efforts to reduce plastic pollution. The firm\u0026rsquo;s social impact goes beyond environmental sustainability; it provides dignified employment to both rural men and women residing in the same region who traditionally relied on low-wage labour such as coolie, beedi rolling and other unskilled jobs. Eco Bliss sustainably harnesses local resources by converting what would otherwise be agricultural waste fallen areca leaves into marketable items, providing economic value and fostering an environmental stewardship culture in the community.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e6.1.2 Ananya Firm focuses on rural livelihoods\u003c/b\u003e: \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat\u003c/em\u003e, addresses the critical demand for nutritious livestock feed in rural India, boosting animal health and, as a result, boosting the revenue potential of small-scale farmers. This enables farmers to boost productivity by assuring a consistent supply of high-quality cow feed, which has a direct impact on their economic well-being. Beyond cattle feed, the firm\u0026rsquo;s expansion into organic fertilizers displays its commitment to environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This enterprise promotes the spirit of social mission of uplifting the community\u0026rsquo;s revenue indirectly through its product as well as using of agricultural waste as raw material. In a way the idea behind is to develop sustainable agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth entrepreneurs go beyond the standard profit-driven business model by incorporating social and environmental aims into their firms. Their emphasis on creating jobs, increasing agricultural output, and encouraging sustainable methods demonstrates their agreement with the key values of social entrepreneurship. These companies serve as models for socially responsible agri-preneurship by combining economic viability with social and environmental responsibilities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.2 Rural Development mission\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rural economy primarily inhibits India. The development of rural areas basically equated to the development of agriculture as well as a support system. It is understood that 60% of rural India depends upon the agricultural economy and the contribution to the GDP is 12% \u0026ndash; 14%. It, is literally, a situation wherein lots of funding is being pooled to develop an underdeveloped economy without equivalent benefits out of it. Thus, this calls for individual effort at the community level to come out with new initiatives that can address multiple problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship in agriculture has the potential to alter rural development by tackling socioeconomic difficulties, creating jobs, and alleviating poverty. The majority of rural inhabitants globally rely on agriculture for a living, yet many face challenges such as low productivity, poverty, and restricted job possibilities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eBoth\u003c/em\u003e firm\u003cem\u003es\u003c/em\u003e have exhibited how an entrepreneur can translate rural resources into a tool for rural development. In the case of \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama\u003c/em\u003e, the area of operation is limited to a small village. Currently the standard of living of the people has increased considerably due to their employment with \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss.\u003c/em\u003e The per capita income has gone up as they formed the middle-class labourers in \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e instead of low-paid workers or the unemployed. It is also noted that approximately 300 families benefited due to the operation of \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e in their region. To commute the road facilities, show improvement over last 10 years. The surrounding areas are equipping themselves to embrace trading activities to cater to the needs of society. Theoretically, this can be recorded as community development or rural development (SDG 11).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMr. Bhat's\u003c/em\u003e goal for rural development centres on empowering farmers by producing and providing chemical-free cow feed, while also promoting sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices. As a result of his program, farmers have experienced increased milk production and healthier livestock, which has positively impacted their income and overall quality of life. His initiative has directly aided farming families by offering them affordable, high-quality feed, reducing their dependence on expensive, chemical-laden options. Over the last ten years, the region has witnessed a rise in agricultural output and a growing awareness of organic farming techniques. Additionally, the project has encouraged local farmers to collaborate, leading to the formation of small cooperatives and self-help groups that strive for collective progress and financial security. This initiative exemplifies rural development by fostering sustainable livelihoods and enhancing the socio-economic fabric of the community.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.3 Empowering Local Economies Through Job Creation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e provides ample job opportunities to both skilled and unskilled. It is observed that the local youth and household women are beneficiaries of this opportunity. The industry has provided such a work culture wherein the labourers have the option of working as per their capacity. The wage payment model as described by F.W.Taylor in his scientific management principles, \u003cem\u003eMr.Rajaram\u003c/em\u003e arranges wage payment as per the contribution of workers to the production site. The establishment of Eco Bliss in the village area has not only provided gainful employment to approximately 500 families but also could avoid the migration of skilled and unskilled labourers to the city. Thus, \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e acts as a change agent in the local community. This is consistent with the literature, which shows that social entrepreneurship can play an important role in promoting local economic stability by creating jobs, lowering poverty, and minimizing urban migration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e has played a significant role in promoting rural development by sourcing local agricultural labour and creating job opportunities in the area. By concentrating on boosting local agricultural production and reducing input costs using cattle feed and organic fertilizers, the firm supports the long-term livelihoods of the community. This customized approach reflects the principles of social entrepreneurship, which aims to empower rural communities by utilizing local resources and tackling specific socioeconomic challenges in the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.4 Environmental Sustainability Motto\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajaram\u003c/em\u003ea and \u003cem\u003eMr. Govinda Bhat\u003c/em\u003e are committed to promoting environmental sustainability. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e specializes in creating biodegradable products from naturally fallen areca leaves, which would otherwise be discarded. Meanwhile, \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e focuses on producing chemical-free cattle feed, ensuring that the milk people consume is pure and healthy. They source various raw materials from local farmers to create their cattle feed. This method not only meets the demand for eco-friendly products but also enhances soil health and decreases dependence on synthetic fertilizers. \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e champions a system where environmental health contributes to the economic prosperity of rural farmers, highlighting the connection between social and environmental objectives in social entrepreneurship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental sustainability plays a crucial role in social entrepreneurship within agriculture, especially regarding resource management and resilience to climate change. Agricultural companies tackle issues like rural poverty and unemployment while also providing solutions to environmental degradation and unsustainable farming methods. The study underscores the importance of agriculture in promoting environmental sustainability, with social enterprises viewed as vital to achieving this aim [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.5 Eco Bliss and Circular Economy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e takes an eco-conscious approach by using a closed-loop production process. The company produces sustainable plates from areca leaves that would otherwise be discarded. Additionally, during the manufacturing of these plates, the natural byproducts of the raw material are repurposed for various uses, including manure, livestock feed, and mushroom cultivation. This not only minimizes waste but also fosters a circular economy. This approach demonstrates how social entrepreneurship in agriculture can address both environmental and social challenges while supporting the principles of a circular economy and promoting long-term sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.6 Innovative and Technological Adaptation in Agri-Social Enterprises (SDG 9)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnovation plays a crucial role in social entrepreneurship within agriculture, as it allows entrepreneurs to tackle intricate social problems while boosting productivity. By adopting new production techniques and business management strategies, agri-social enterprises can enhance their viability and scalability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Both firm\u0026rsquo;s examples highlight how vital innovation is in delivering sustainable solutions to the challenges faced in rural and agricultural settings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.6.1 Product innovation at Eco Bliss\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirm uses a machinery-driven method of production of areca plates. It has both manual and automatic machines to produce various kinds of areca plates. These machines initially were not available and was in a very crude form. Being an engineer, Mr. Rajaram spent time in modifying machines for the customization of products. Modification or refinement in the existing concept is also referred as innovation. This breakthrough enabled the firm to expand its manufacturing and fulfil market demand, while also offering an environmentally beneficial alternative to single-use plastic. The technology-driven strategy not only increased production efficiency but also helped the firm to achieve its aim of being a sustainable, socially responsible enterprise. The firm demonstrates the importance of innovation in expanding social impact in agriculture by establishing a product that is both ecologically friendly and commercially profitable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec30\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.6.2 Operational Innovation at Ananya Firm\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e has pursued a twofold strategy for innovation, increasing its product line to include organic fertilizers. This initiative meets the increasing demand for sustainable farming inputs while prioritizing soil health, essential for long-term agricultural productivity. It employs organic fertilizers not only to tackle the immediate needs of the community but also to encourage eco-friendly practices that will support future generations. This illustrates how agri-social entrepreneurs can leverage innovation to enhance their product offerings and align with broader environmental and economic objectives.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.7 Financial Challenges in the Role of Institutional Support\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship in agriculture frequently faces unique financial challenges, as many rural-focused enterprises struggle to secure consistent financing. The stories of \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e demonstrate the relevance of institutional assistance and inexpensive loans for the growth of social entrepreneurs in agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.7.1 Funding Issues and Financial Institutions' Role:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e heavily depended on the \u003cem\u003eKarnataka\u003c/em\u003e State Financial Corporation for financial support during its initial stages, highlighting the challenges that ethical entrepreneurs often face in securing funding. In a similar vein, \u003cem\u003eGovinda Bhat\u003c/em\u003e, the founder of \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e, had to tap into personal savings and informal loans to launch his business. This situation reveals a significant lack of formal financing options for agri-social enterprises, underscoring the need for targeted institutional support and inclusive financial policies. The study stresses the importance of providing affordable, timely, and inclusive credit to foster social entrepreneurship in agriculture [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Enhancing access to funding for agricultural social enterprises is vital for driving growth, amplifying social impact, and empowering social entrepreneurs to tackle pressing rural development challenges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec33\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e6.7.2 Empowering Rural Communities with Social Entrepreneurship\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth the firms demonstrate the potential of social entrepreneurship to uplift rural communities by generating employment, enhancing skills, and fostering entrepreneurial initiatives. In agriculture, social entrepreneurship not only enhances economic growth but also builds social capital, strengthening the resilience of rural areas against socioeconomic challenges. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/em\u003e efforts to train local youth in micro-entrepreneurial activities highlight the potential of social entrepreneurship to enhance capacity in rural areas. The firm collaborates with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to support youth-led businesses through buy-back guarantees, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem of entrepreneurs that benefits the local economy. This serves as a strong motivator for aspiring entrepreneurs who often struggle with their ventures due to poor market research and challenges in reaching their customer base. The buyback scheme offered by \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e is a significant advantage for young entrepreneurs, allowing them to concentrate on producing quality goods while \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e manages the sales aspect.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a similar vein, \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm's\u003c/em\u003e ethical practices and dedication to sustainable agriculture resonate with its mission to empower rural farmers, contributing to the larger goal of community upliftment. Both firms illustrate how agricultural social entrepreneurship can enhance local social capital and foster equitable growth by integrating community empowerment into their fundamental business strategies. These examples align with research that underscores the importance of social entrepreneurship in tackling rural issues by utilizing local resources and fostering resilient communities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"7. Conclusion and Implications","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe cases of \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e illustrate how agripreneurs, guided by the principles of social entrepreneurship, can create a significant societal impact. Both firms emphasize that agricultural entrepreneurship transcends mere profit-making; it serves to tackle pressing social and environmental issues. These agripreneurs demonstrate that businesses can be profitable while also being socially responsible by focusing on job creation, poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability, and community empowerment. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e addresses global environmental challenges while simultaneously generating sustainable economic opportunities for rural women. In a similar vein, \u003cem\u003eAnanya Firm\u003c/em\u003e enhances cattle nutrition and advocates for organic farming, contributing to food security and sustainable agricultural practices. Both enterprises exemplify how agripreneurs can leverage local resources and respond to specific community needs, playing a vital role in fostering inclusive and sustainable economic growth in rural regions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study underscores the significance of agri-entrepreneurship in facilitating long-term development. These agripreneurs illustrate that economic activities can extend beyond mere profit maximization to create societal value through innovation, environmental responsibility, and social inclusion. The findings suggest that agripreneurs are indeed social entrepreneurs, as their business models align with global initiatives aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable cities and communities.)12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), 13 (Climate Action) and 17 (Partnerships for the goals)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research carries important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars in the fields of agri-entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec35\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e7.1 For Policymakers\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernments and financial institutions need to recognize the economic and social achievements of agripreneurs by offering more funding, training, and access to markets. These enterprises show that, with the right government backing, agri-social businesses can create lasting socioeconomic benefits in rural areas. Providing grants, tax incentives, and access to low-interest loans can significantly enhance the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship in agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec36\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e7.2 \u003cb\u003eFor Agripreneurs and Practitioners\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe success of E\u003cem\u003eco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAnanya firm\u003c/em\u003e proves that social and environmental goals can coexist with business objectives. Agriculture entrepreneurs should be encouraged to include social and environmental considerations while developing their business strategy. Agripreneurs can increase their influence by applying sustainable practices, cooperating with local communities, and reinvesting income in social programs. This ensures that their firms contribute to long-term social development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec37\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e7.3 For researchers and academics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study emphasizes the need for additional empirical research into the impact of social entrepreneurship in agriculture, particularly in rural development contexts. Future research should look into the scalability of these business models, as well as the specific mechanisms that Agri-social companies use to promote community resilience and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, frameworks for adequately assessing the social and environmental implications of agribusiness are required to guide both practitioners and policymakers. Development organizations and NGOs can use the success of agripreneurs such as \u003cem\u003eMr. Rajarama\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMr. Govinda Bhat\u003c/em\u003e to create initiatives that promote social entrepreneurship in agriculture. By providing training, technology, and market access, NGOs and development agencies may help more rural entrepreneurs embrace sustainable and socially responsible business practices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis work provided a strong empirical foundation for future research, although significant shortcomings must be addressed. First, because the study was based on two cases, the generalizability of our findings is limited. However, the cases revealed insights that thoroughly explained social entrepreneurship in agriculture and its significance in rural areas. Indeed, this is a start, and future studies should employ a larger sample size and possibly broaden the geographical reach to include other Asian countries to improve knowledge and create conclusive evidence. Second, the access to a few informants from each of the organizations involved in the study, the informants are owners or managers, employees, and residents who are actively involved in the operations of their organizations. Although they offered valuable information, future studies should include several informants to accomplish the triangulation of different perspectives.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, this study reveals that agripreneurs, when matched with social entrepreneurship principles, can be important drivers of rural and urban development. By concentrating on both economic growth and social impact, these businesses help to create a more sustainable and equitable future, while also providing vital lessons for stakeholders from all sectors. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e offers a wide range of products, including plates and mugs as well as ornamental pieces. All of these goods are biodegradable, which means they break down naturally after use without harming the environment. This makes them an excellent alternative to plastic objects, which frequently wind up in landfills or oceans, contributing to global pollution. \u003cem\u003eEco Bliss\u003c/em\u003e is important in tackling the worldwide environmental crisis by providing eco-friendly alternatives to daily products.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth cases demonstrate how rural entrepreneurs can be change agents by using rural sentiments as resources. It is to be noted that both entrepreneurs, even after opportunities, have stressed the need to stay back in their village wherein their skills and capabilities can be exhibited for the village development. Their risk-taking propensity and an urge for achievement are highly noticed in their decision to stay back and work for the rural community. This aligns with the theory of social entrepreneurship, which rightly defines that they are responsible for social changes as their motto itself is social development.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no clinical trial conducted in this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data for analysis in the study was based on personal interviews through audio recordings. The interviewer had a declaration mentioning maintaining the privacy of the participants and therefore, the data cannot be made public to protect study participant privacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe acknowledge the contribution of the expert panel for their reviews and feedback that enabled us to optimize the items in the instrument.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOpen access funding is provided by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. This study has not received any funding from any institutions or agencies\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s Contribution\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuresh K M contributed to the conceptualization of the study, methodology design, and initial drafting of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHarish G Joshi was responsible for data curation, formal analysis, and critical revision of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJyeshtaraja Joisa led the investigation, interpretation of results, and contributed significantly to manuscript editing and final approval.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors confirm that they have given their consent for the publication of this manuscript. All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve its submission for publication. Where applicable, informed consent has been obtained from individuals involved in the study or case report.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and Consent Statement\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research has been conducted in strict accordance with existing ethical criteria due to its involvement with human interactions. It has obtained the necessary ethical clearance(Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) at Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India- issued on 14th December, 2021, indicating that \u0026ldquo;project comes seems to come under pure economic, social and managerial research. If there are no health-related aspects involved, then you may proceed without IEC clearance\u0026rdquo; from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) at Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India. In addition, during the implementation of this non-experimental research, the researcher collected written informed consent from all participants, assuring them that their personal information would be handled with the highest level of confidentiality.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests were disclosed. \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrant Information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eE. Hudcov\u0026aacute;, T. 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Wang, \u0026ldquo;Factors affecting social entrepreneurship intentions among agricultural university students in Taiwan,\u0026rdquo; International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 107\u0026ndash;118, Jan. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0032.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI. Živojinović, G. Weiss, M. Wilding, J. L. G. Wong, and A. Ludvig, \u0026ldquo;Experiencing forest products \u0026ndash; An innovation trend by rural entrepreneurs,\u0026rdquo; Land Use Policy, vol. 94, p. 104506, May 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104506.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK. P. Sampoornam, \u0026ldquo;An Agriculture Robot (AGRIBOT) for Harvesting Underground Plants (RHIZOMES),\u0026rdquo; Deleted Journal, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 62\u0026ndash;67, Aug. 2017.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"disu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Sustainability](https://www.springer.com/43621)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Sustainability","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, Agriculture, Rural empowerment, Case study","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6380080/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6380080/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSocial entrepreneurship integrates creative tactics with ecological and social objectives, providing long-term solutions to critical societal concerns. Agriculture addresses crucial issues such as poverty, resource scarcity, and degradation of the environment while promoting inclusive growth and resilience. This study looks at the convergence between social entrepreneurship and agriculture in India, using two case studies from rural districts of Karnataka. The study uses case study approaches to assess their business models, social effects, and sustainability strategies. The exclusive interview followed by observation is part of the study. The findings highlight the transformative impact of agri-social entrepreneurship on achieving sustainable growth and rural empowerment through rural employment generation, prevention of migration, and supportive income generation to rural women.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Agricultural initiatives leading to social change: Role of Social Entrepreneurs a Case Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-21 06:07:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6380080/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-11T09:57:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T12:45:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12203731985334033508957067820028957176","date":"2025-05-18T03:14:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T10:41:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"126618689319315229727355937718530054156","date":"2025-05-16T09:50:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T03:10:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-15T12:57:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-08T09:56:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-05-08T09:55:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Sustainability","date":"2025-04-05T05:58:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"disu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Sustainability](https://www.springer.com/43621)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Sustainability","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a1442855-42b9-48bb-88a3-9abb777b53b4","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T16:12:54+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6380080","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01886-3","journal":{"identity":"discover-sustainability","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Sustainability"},"publishedOn":"2025-09-30 15:57:31","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 30th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-21 06:07:01","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s43621-025-01886-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01886-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6380080","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6380080","identity":"rs-6380080","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}