Recurrent fall as a predictor of short-term functional outcomes after hip fracture in older adults

Recurrent fall as a predictor of short-term functional outcomes after hip fracture in older adults | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Recurrent fall as a predictor of short-term functional outcomes after hip fracture in older adults Luana Capato, José Roberto Faria Junior, Vitor Roberto Sanchez Teixeira, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7609783/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose. Hip fracture (HP) incidence has increased worldwide, with 90% resulting from falls, a preventable event. Identifying fall history prior to a HP is essential to better understand older adults’ conditions and recovery potential. Methods. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine whether recurrent fallers (RF) differ from single fallers (SF) in intrinsic health characteristics and to assess the association between fall history and functional performance 3-months post-fracture. A total of 134 older adults hospitalized for HF were included and categorized into SF (n=84) and RF (n=50) based on fall history in the previous year. Clinical and surgical data, fall history, self-perceived health and balance, handgrip strength (HGS), New Mobility Score (NMS), and post-fracture mobility (Cumulated Ambulation Score) were assessed during hospitalization. After 3-months, reassessments included gait speed, Timed Up and Go, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), isometric knee extension strength, and perceived effort. Statistical analyses included t-tests and chi-square for comparing groups and generalized linear models for assess association between the variables (SPSS 25.0; p≤0.05). Results. During hospitalization, RF showed lower HGS (p=0.01), outdoor mobility (p=0.02) and total NMS (p=0.03), worse emotional state (p=0.006) and balance perception (p=0.01). At 3-months, RF was associated with reduced outdoor mobility (p<0.001), higher perceived effort (p=0.02), slower gait speed (p=0.03) and lower knee extension strength (p=0.007) and SPPB scores for gait (p=0.001), balance (p=0.003), and total (p=0.002). Conclusion. These findings suggest that recurrent falls are linked to worse functional outcomes following HF in older adults, emphasizing the importance of fall risk stratification and early preventive interventions. history of falls accidental falls postoperative recovery recovery of function fragility fractures geriatric rehabilitation Figures Figure 1 Key summary points Aim. This study aimed to investigate the differences between single and recurrent fallers prior to a hip fracture at hospitalization and assess the association between fall history and functional outcomes 3-months post-fracture. Findings. Recurrent fallers presents poorer health status and reduced mobility compared to those with a single fall history at baseline. After 3-months post-fracture, recurrent fallers show poorer recovery in muscle strength, physical capacity, gait speed, outdoor walking ability and higher perceived effort. Message. Recurrent fallers are associated to worse healt conditions at hospitalization and worse functional outcomes 3-months after a hip fracture, highlighting the need for specialized post-operative care. INTRODUCTION With population aging and the consequent increase in life expectancy, the incidence of chronic diseases and adverse health outcomes, such as fragility fractures, has risen. Although any bone can sustain a fragility fracture, hip fractures are particularly concerning, as they are the most frequent [ 1 ] and the most severe, as well as being associated with higher rates of complications following the injury [ 2 ]. According to the Osteoporosis Compendium published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation in 2019 [ 3 ], approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur worldwide each year, with an estimated 140,000 cases annually in Brazil. After a hip fracture, previous studies have shown that poor physical-functional recovery is associated with worse pre-fracture functional status, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, depression, lower muscle strength and frailty, among other factors [ 4 ]. Studies indicate that nearly 90% of hip fractures result from falls [ 1 , 5 ]. In Brazil, approximately 30% of older adults experience at least one fall each year [ 6 ], a pattern also observed globally [ 7 ]. The need for annual fall risk screening in all individuals over 65 years of age has been widely recognized worldwide [ 8 , 9 ], as falls are not only prevalent but also frequently lead to severe health consequences in older adults. However, despite advancements in public health policies, significant challenges remain, particularly in the early identification of older adults at risk of falling and the implementation of appropriate fall prevention strategies. Addressing these challenges is crucial to mitigating the adverse consequences of falls, particularly hip fractures, which can severely impact the health and quality of life of older individuals. Older adults can be classified based on the number of falls they have experienced within a given period. A single faller is an individual who has sustained only one fall, whereas a recurrent faller has experienced two or more falls [ 8 ]. In the context of fragility hip fractures, identifying a prior history of falls is essential for understanding the health status of affected individuals, as it may reveal intrinsic differences between single and recurrent fallers. The role of fall history prior to hip fracture in the physical-functional recovery of older adults remains uncertain. Some studies have shown that prior falls are associated with worse physical recovery after hip fracture [ 10 – 12 ]; however, most consider fall history in a dichotomous manner (yes or no), without differentiating between older adults with a single fall and those with recurrent falls, which makes it difficult to understand the impact of recurrent falls on functional recovery after fracture. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that fallers (single or recurrent) differ in the factors associated with their fall risk [ 13 , 14 ]. These differences could also influence short-term functional outcomes following the fracture. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether recurrent fallers exhibit intrinsic health differences compared to single fallers and to investigate whether a prior history of falls is associated with physical-functional performance three months post-fracture. METHODS This was a 3-month prospective cohort study involving older adults (≥ 60 years), of both sexes, admitted with fragility hip fractures at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. This hospital serves as a referral center for hip fracture surgery in the city. The study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2024. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study protocol was approved by the local Human Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 76918324.3.0000.5440). 2.1 Eligibility Criteria Participants were eligible if they were ≥ 60 years old and independently ambulatory, with or without assistive devices. Exclusion criteria included pre-fracture inability to walk, prior hip fractures, femoral (diaphyseal) fractures, open or pathological fractures, polytrauma, malignancies, imminent death due to a terminal illness, non-surgical treatment due to high surgical risk and a clinical diagnosis of advanced dementia. Participants who did not attend the 3-month post-fracture assessment were also excluded. 2.2 Assessments Data were collected at two time points: Hospital phase – within 24 hours post-hip fracture surgery and Follow-up – at three months post-surgery at the Laboratory of Balance Assessment and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP). Figure 1 illustrates the research steps. During hospitalization, sample characterization data were obtained from medical records, including sex, age, weight, height and clinical variables (surgical delay in days, length of hospital stay). Surgical details such as fracture type, cause, surgical procedure and anesthesia type were also recorded. A history of falls over the 12 months preceding the fracture was collected. A fall was defined as an unintentional event resulting in a position change to a lower level than the initial position [ 15 ]. Before data collection, all participants received an explanation of the fall definition, fall location (indoors or outdoors) and activity at the time of the fall. For recurrent fallers, further details were recorded regarding previous falls, fall-related injuries and hospital care due to falls. Self-reported fear of falling was assessed on a 4-point scale (0 = no; 1 = slightly; 2 = moderately; 3 = very much). Health-related information was collected through questionnaires, including the 10-Point Cognitive Screening (10-CS) for cognitive deficit screening (cutoff 5, used to screen for depressive symptoms in older adults [ 17 ]; the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), where a score < 17 indicates malnutrition, a score between 17 and 23.5 indicates risk of malnutrition and a score ≥ 24 indicates normal nutritional status [ 18 ]; self-perception of global health [ 19 ], with possible responses: 1 = very good, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor, 5 = very poor; a question regarding complaints of imbalance (0 = yes, 1 = no); and a self-perception of balance, with possible responses: 0 = very good, 1 = good, 2 = fair, 3 = poor, 4 = very poor. Pre-fracture mobility was assessed using the New Mobility Score (NMS), which evaluates a patient's ability to walk indoors, outdoors and go shopping before hip fracture, providing a score between 0 and 3 (0 = does not perform, 1 = with another person's assistance, 2 = with an aid, and 3 = no difficulty and no assistance) for each function, resulting in a total score from 0 (no walking ability) to 9 (fully independent) [ 20 ]. Post-surgical basic mobility was assessed using the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS), which describes physical independence in three activities: (1) getting in and out of bed, (2) sitting down and standing up from a chair with armrests and (3) walking in a confined space. Each activity is scored on an ordinal three-point scale from 0 to 2, resulting in a total CAS score ranging from 0 to 6 [ 21 ]. Handgrip strength, which has been used to assess overall muscle strength [ 22 ], was measured using the Jamar handgrip dynamometer (Sammons Preston, Illinois), with the participant seated at the edge of the bed, using the dominant upper limb. Three months after the hip fracture, the same hospital-phase questionnaires were re-administered, i.e., GDS-15, MNA, the questions related to self-perceptions of global health, imbalance complaints and balance, NMS for the current period and handgrip strength. Additionally, gait speed, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and isometric knee extensor strength were assessed. Gait speed was measured over a 10-meter walk, with the time taken to cover the central 5 meters recorded, disregarding the initial and final 2.5 meters (acceleration and deceleration phases). The test was performed three times to obtain the mean habitual gait speed [ 23 ]. For the TUG test, the participant was asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters at a habitual pace, turn, walk back to the chair and sit down. The test was repeated three times and the mean completion time was recorded [ 19 ]. For the gait speed and TUG tests, participants who used walking aids performed the test with their device. The SPPB was used to assess physical performance (static balance, gait speed and lower limb strength) [ 24 ], generating a total score from 0 (worst performance) to 12 points (best performance). Isometric knee extensor strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 4 Pro, New York, USA). The participant was seated with hips flexed at 90 degrees; the trunk, pelvis and contralateral lower limb were stabilized with straps. The mechanical axis of the dynamometer was aligned with the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the dynamometer arm was positioned on the tibia, slightly proximal to the superior border of the medial malleolus [ 25 ]. The dominant limb was positioned at 60 degrees of knee flexion, as this range is closely related to daily functional tasks and shows a high correlation with torque produced at other knee movement ranges [ 26 ]. Three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) were performed, each lasting 5 seconds with a 30-second interval between them, and the highest peak torque (PT) value (Nm.kg-1) was considered for analysis. PT was normalized by body mass to better represent muscle performance relative to the individual's mass. During all contractions, verbal encouragement and visual feedback were provided [ 25 ]. Additionally, a self-perception question regarding the perceived effort required to perform daily activities was included with possible responses: 0 = never/rarely, 1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = always. 2.3 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 software (SPSS Inc.), with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Descriptive statistics for participant characterization included the mean, standard deviation and percentage for some variables. To identify the profile of older adults who were recurrent fallers or had experienced a single fall in the year preceding the hip fracture, an independent sample t-test was conducted to compare continuous variables between groups G1 (single fallers) and G2 (recurrent fallers). The effect size for the t-test comparisons was calculated using Hedges’ G, considering it large (≥ 0.80), moderate (0.79–0.4), small (0.39–0.21) and negligible (< 0.2 or ≥ -0.2). For categorical variable comparisons between groups, the effect size was calculated using Cramér’s V, categorized as small ( 0.5). In order to examine the association between fall history over the past year (single vs. recurrent falls) and physical-functional performance three months post-fracture (as linear dependent variables), a generalized linear model (GLM) was applied, adjusted for Gamma distribution and identity link function (AIC=) [ 27 ], controlling for confounding variables such as age and sex. Effect sizes were estimated using standardized Beta (β) coefficients. To assess the association between fall history in the past year and health outcomes (fear of falling, imbalance complaints, balance and effort perception, task execution) three months post-fracture (categorical dependent variables), a GLM was adjusted with binary logistic regression for dichotomous variables or ordinal logistic regression for multiple-category variables was used [ 27 ]. Effect sizes were estimated using odds ratios (OR), with the recurrent faller group as the reference category. The choice of a GLM with Gamma distribution was justified by the need to handle data asymmetry, the positive and continuous nature of the dependent variable and the flexibility of the GLM in accommodating different error distributions and nonlinear relationships between variables. This model allowed for a more appropriate estimation of the effects of fall history on functionality while adjusting for confounders and providing a more robust interpretation of the results. For categorical dependent variables, logistic regression models (binary and ordinal) were chosen due to their ability to handle discrete categorical variables, providing interpretable and clinically applicable effect measures. RESULTS A total of 134 older adults were assessed during the hospital phase, with a mean age of 79.16 (± 8.68) years, of whom 68.6% were female. Of the total sample, in the year prior to the hip fracture, 84 older adults had experienced a single fall that resulted in a hip fracture, while 50 older adults were recurrent fallers before the fall that led to fracture. All participants sustained a hip fracture due to a fall from standing height, with 84.5% occurring in a home environment and 15.6% in an external environment. Table 1 presents the linear data characterizing the participants at baseline, while Table 2 presents the categorical data. Insert table 1 Considering the total sample (n = 134), in the comparisons between the groups during the hospital phase, results showed differences in emotional status (GDS-15), handgrip strength, functional capacity assessed by the NMS in the outdoor walking-related item and total NMS score and balance perception, with the recurrent fallers group exhibiting greater impairment. Insert table 2 After three months post-hip fracture, only 19 participants from the single-fall group returned for evaluation, whereas in the recurrent fallers group, only six returned, resulting in an 81.3% sample loss. This high attrition rate may limit the generalizability of our results. To address this issue, we used GLM, as GLM is particularly suited for handling smaller sample sizes and making associations without requiring the inclusion of missing data. Since the associations were only evaluated for the 25 participants who returned for follow-up, GLM allowed for more reliable modeling despite the small sample size. Table 3 presents the results of the follow-up evaluations. Insert table 3 GLM showed that being in the recurrent fallers group was a predictor of worse outcomes three months after hip fracture in gait speed, isometric knee extensor strength normalized by body mass, physical capacity in the balance, gait-related domain and total SPPB score, and the ability to walk outdoors, assessed by the NMS (Table 4). Additionally, belonging to the recurrent fallers group was associated with a worse outcome in perceived effort three months after the fracture. Insert table 4 DISCUSSION This study investigated the association between prior fall history and physical-functional recovery three months after a hip fracture in older adults. Specifically, we sought to determine whether older adults with a history of recurrent fallers prior to the fracture experienced worse functional outcomes compared to those with a single fall history. Our results indicated that, during the hospitalization phase, older adults with a history of recurrent falls exhibited poorer health status and reduced mobility compared to those with a single fall history. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that recurrent fallers were at an increased risk for poorer recovery in several key outcomes three months after the hip fracture, including knee muscle strength, physical capacity, gait speed, outdoor walking ability and higher perceived effort. These results suggest that individuals with a history of recurrent falls are more vulnerable to post-fracture disability and underscore the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies for this group. However, the screening of risk of falls should be implemented in the primary health care system since evidence has demonstrated that 63% of those older adults with low risk factors for falls, i.e., without previous falls in the last year and without complaint about gait and balance impairments, sustained injuries [ 28 ] and, therefore, monitoring fall risk factors annually and establishing an approach strategy centered in each older adults are crucial. In particular, knee extensor strength was notably reduced in the recurrent faller group, with a decrease of approximately 0.27 units in PT (β = 0.270; 95% CI = 0.075–0.464; p = .007) compared to single faller. This finding reinforces the importance of including strengthening exercises for knee extensors in both preventive and rehabilitative programs, as this muscle group is closely linked to fall risk [ 29 ]. Similarly, gait speed showed a reduction of 0.19 m/s (β = 0.019; 95% CI = 0.017–0.379; p = .032) compared to single fallers, which is clinically significant, as a reduction of just 0.1 m/s has been associated with poorer mobility and self-reported function [ 30 ]. Moreover, performance in the gait domain of the SPPB was worse in the recurrent fallers, indicating impaired locomotor function. These findings suggest that gait training interventions could improve efficiency and confidence in mobility for recurrent fallers, thus enhancing overall functional recovery. The SPPB, which assesses several functional domains, provided a comprehensive assessment of participants' physical functioning. Our study found that single-fallers performed better on balance, gait and overall SPPB scores. Specifically, being a single-faller was associated with an increase in the SPPB score by 2.22 units (β = 2.222; 95% CI = 1.217–3.228; p = .000). Notably, the balance domain showed a 1.16-point reduction in the recurrent faller group (β = 1.167; 95% CI = 0.393–1.941; p = .003). Balance impairments are well documented as a major predictor of falls [ 19 ] and our findings align with this, suggesting that recurrent fallers are at higher risk for additional falls after hip fractures. Regarding mobility, differences between groups were particularly evident in the outdoor mobility-related domain of the NMS. Recurrent fallers tended to be more homebound, possibly due to fear of falling, lower mobility confidence and difficulty navigating challenging environments. This could contribute to social isolation, further complicating recovery. Moreover, the perceived effort analysis revealed that recurrent fallers were 93.1% (OR = 0.069; 95% CI = 0.007–0.665; p = .021) more likely to report higher levels of effort, likely due to lower physical fitness, making daily activities more taxing. A systematic review conducted by Jehu et al. [ 31 ] analyzed risk factors for recurrent falls as a secondary prevention strategy. The meta-analysis identified four key domains as predictors of recurrent falls in older adults: balance and mobility, medication use, emotional status and sensory and/or neuromuscular impairments. Similarly, other studies have reported that poorer performance in the TUG test [ 32 ], reduced knee extension strength [ 33 ], decreased grip strength [ 34 ] and impaired visual acuity [ 33 ] were associated with an increased risk of recurrent falls. Few studies have evaluated the profile of older adults based on their history of falls before hip fracture. These studies have found that recurrent fallers exhibit lower functional status, worse cognitive function [ 10 – 12 ], a higher number of comorbidities [ 10 , 11 ], polypharmacy [ 10 – 12 ] and a higher prevalence of psychotropic medication use [ 12 ] compared to single-fallers. In our sample, although the groups did not differ statistically in cognitive status, number of comorbidities and medication use, we observed slightly worse mean values for the recurrent faller group. It is important to highlight that studies vary in their definitions of recurrent falls, which complicates direct comparisons of data. Regarding the association between prior fall history and recovery post-hip fracture, the literature indicates that being a recurrent faller negatively affects rehabilitation outcomes, requiring longer recovery times and being considered as a negative predictor of functional success [ 10 ], which was also observed in our study in relation to knee muscle strength, physical capacity and gait speed. Furthermore, the risk of developing dependence post-hip fracture was two to three times higher among older adults with a history of recurrent falls before the fracture [ 11 ]. Fall prevention is an essential component of healthy aging, a concept widely promoted by global initiatives such as the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) strategy, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 35 ]. The United Nations has designated 2021–2030 as the Decade of Healthy Aging, aiming to foster policies and practices that improve quality of life and promote the well-being of older individuals, ensuring a healthcare network capable of addressing their diverse needs, including physical, mental and social health, as well as chronic disease prevention. Although fall prevention is not the primary focus of these initiatives, reducing fall risk plays a crucial role in promoting healthy aging, given the significant impact of falls and their consequences on older adults' health and quality of life. Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of older adults who sustained a hip fracture (37.31%) had already experienced falls in the period preceding the fracture event. This finding underscores that these individuals were already in unfavorable conditions for achieving successful aging. Previous studies have identified several key predictors of health and functional outcomes following hip fractures, including pre-fracture mobility [ 36 ][ 37 ], grip strength [ 4 ][ 38 ], fracture type and surgical procedure [ 36 ], as well as hip abductor [ 39 ] and knee extensor [ 40 ] isometric strength, gait speed [ 41 , 42 ], cognitive status, age and comorbidities [ 41 ]. Despite evidence on predictors of health outcomes after hip fractures, little attention has been given to prior fall history among older adults who sustain such fractures. Current guidelines for fall prevention and management in older populations [ 8 ] recommended fall risk stratification. Individuals with a history of recurrent falls or a single fall with injury are considered at high risk and should undergo a multidimensional assessment to identify risk factors and guide preventive treatment, given their elevated risk of future falls. In contrast, older adults who have experienced a single fall without injury or those with no prior falls but who report fear of falling, perceived postural instability, and balance or mobility impairments are classified as having moderate fall risk. For these patients, supervised exercise programs focusing on balance, muscle strength and mobility are recommended to reduce fall risk and related complications. Our study found that one in three older adults who sustained a hip fracture had experienced recurrent falls in the preceding year. This finding highlights the importance of fall risk stratification in healthcare services to improve referrals and implement interventions aimed at reducing fall incidence. Our results showed that 100% of the older adults sustained fractures due to a fall from standing height, with the majority being female. Additionally, these individuals predominantly exhibited low cognitive (mean = 4.55 ± 2.74 points) and emotional status (5.52 ± 3.25), as well as indications of malnutrition risk (59.2%). Furthermore, our analyses revealed that 66.7% of older adults who sustained a hip fracture after a single fall reported fear of falling, while 46.4% reported balance impairments. Pre-fracture mobility, assessed by the NMS, was classified as moderate, and many of these individuals, particularly females, exhibited generalized muscle weakness, as evidenced by grip strength values below the European sarcopenia consensus reference [ 43 ]. These factors likely contributed to increased fall and fracture risk, reflecting prior functional decline and emphasizing the importance of early fall prevention interventions. Being a recurrent faller underscores the need for multidimensional assessment and individualized management centered on each older adult's needs [ 8 ]. Proper management of recurrent fallers could have potentially prevented hip fractures. Importantly, fragility fractures are strong risk factors for subsequent fractures [ 44 ], and patients who sustain hip fractures are at higher risk for future fractures [ 33 ] [ 45 – 46 ]. Therefore, implementing integrated care pathways for secondary fracture prevention, as recommended by the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) [ 47 ], is crucial. One of the main strengths of this study is its prospective design, which allowed for the evaluation of older adults during hospitalization for fragility hip fractures and subsequent follow-up after three months. Our study focused on the impact of prior fall history on functional recovery following hip fractures in older adults. By examining both single-fallers and recurrent fallers, our study provides valuable insights into how fall history influences post-fracture rehabilitation outcomes, offering a nuanced understanding of recovery trajectories. Additionally, the use of a comprehensive set of physical and functional assessments, such as knee muscle strength, gait speed and balance, allows for a thorough evaluation of the factors contributing to recovery and functional decline. The study emphasizes the importance of pre-fracture mobility and the need for targeted interventions, reinforcing the role of fall prevention and rehabilitation strategies for older adults. Additionally, our study contributes to the scarce literature on this topic, particularly in the Brazilian context, and highlights the importance of assessing prior fall history in the rehabilitation of older adults post-hip fracture. However, there are limitations that need to be acknowledged. One limitation is the retrospective nature of the fall history assessment. While we collected fall history prior to the fracture, it was based on patients' recollection, which may be subject to recall bias. Furthermore, the study sample had a significant drop-out rate at the three-month follow-up, with a return rate of only 19 participants from the single-fall group and 6 from the recurrent fallers group. This sample loss could potentially limit the generalizability of the findings. Moreover, our study was conducted in a single center, which may not fully represent the broader population of older adults with hip fractures. The hospital environment, with its specific characteristics and resources, may differ from other settings, which could affect the external validity of the results. In terms of sustainability, our study faced challenges in maintaining follow-up after hospital discharge. This reflects a broader issue in geriatric research, where difficulties in tracking participants after discharge are common due to factors such as mobility limitations, social isolation, lack of resources and dependence of the caregiver, the burden of regular follow-up appointments and the impact of the hip fracture itself. Despite these challenges, the results of this study underline the need for comprehensive, longitudinal care that addresses both physical and psychological aspects of recovery for older adults post-hip fracture. Future research could benefit from a more extensive, multicenter design to strengthen the external validity and better understand the long-term outcomes of hip fractures and recurrent falls. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the critical role of collecting a comprehensive fall history prior to hip fracture, as it is strongly associated with poorer recovery outcomes three months post-surgery. These findings are important for clinical physiotherapy practice, as they suggest that fall prevention and rehabilitation strategies focusing on balance, muscle strength and mobility are essential for improving outcomes in older adults with a history of recurrent falls. Tailored and multidimensional approaches to care may offer the best opportunity to improve recovery, prevent future falls and promote healthy aging. Declarations Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES). Acknowledgments: The authors thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES—Finance Code 001) and the Foundation for Support of Teaching, Research and Assistance of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School at the University of São Paulo (FAEPA) for the research support. 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Data presented as average (SD) (n = 134) Variable Group 1 SF (n = 84) Group 2 RF (n = 50) t value p value Effect size (Hedge’s G) Age (years) 78.6(8.92) 79.58(8.72) -0.593 .554 0.11 Years of study 4.91(4.35) 4.5(4.31) 0.533 .595 0.09 N of comorbidities 2.37(1.50) 2.62(1.99) -0.832 .407 0.15 N of medicaments 3.54(2.84) 4.04(3.04) -0.936 .351 0.17 Weight (kg) 65.96(19.23) 62.05(13.07) 1.184 .239 0.23 Height (m) 1.62(0.13) 1.59(0.11) 1.110 .153 0.24 BMC m/kg 2 25.29(5.94) 24.53(4.74) 0.706 .481 0.14 10 CS (points) 4.99(2.79) 4.35(2.72) 1.261 .209 0.23 GDS-15 (points) 4.68(2.54) 6.38(3.29) -3.096 .006* 0.60 HGS (kgf) 21.13(9.18) 16.98(7.67) 2.575 .011* 0.48 male (kgf) 29.27(8.72) 23.67(7.22) 2.191 .036* 0.76 female (kgf) 16.82(5.95) 14.06(5.88) 2.061 .042* 0.47 NMS indoor (points) 2.83(0.38) 2.71(0.62) 1.386 .168 0.25 NMS outdoor (points) 2.44(0.98) 1.92(1.28) 2.605 .017* 0.47 NMS walking (points) 2.15(1.23) 1.71(1.37) 1.881 .071 0.34 NMS total (points) 7.41(2.32) 6.33(2.97) 2.308 .033* 0.41 CAS bed (points) 0.67(0.66) 0.60(0.53) 0.674 .502 0.11 CAS sitting (points) 0.55(0.65) 0.46(0.50) 0.879 .381 0.15 CAS walking (points) 0.34(0.61) 0.20(0.40) 1.414 .160 0.26 CAS total (points) 1.57(1.75) 1.26(1.24) 1.084 .280 0.20 Abbreviations: SF = single faller; RF = recurrent faller; BMC = body mass index; 10 CS = 10-point Cognitive Screener; GDS = geriatric depression scale; HGS = handgrip strength; NMS = New Mobility Score; CAS = Cumulated Ambulatorial Score. *p < .05 Table 2 Comparison between groups at baseline for categorical variables (n = 134). Data presented in frequency (%). Variable Group 1 SF (n = 84) Group 2 RF(n = 50) X 2 value p value Effect size (V of Cramer) Sex Female 65% 68% 0.090 .851 0.03 Male 35% 32% Race White 74% 75% 0.565 .754 0.07 Yellow 1% 0 Black 25% 25% BMC status Underweight 21% 31% 1.346 .510 0.11 Eutrophic 51% 45% Overweight 28% 24% Cognitive decline Yes 80% 85% 0.505 .477 0.06 No 20% 15% Emotional status Normal 64% 50% 9.100 .011* 0.28 Depression 35% 35% Moderate or severe depression 1% 15% NAM Malnutrition 4% 15% 4.954 .084 0.20 Malnutrition risk 61% 56% Normal 35% 29% Fear of falling no 34% 20% 3.023 .388 0.15 little 7% 10% moderade 14% 15% A lot 45% 55% Imbalance complaint Yes 46% 59% 4.107 .128 0.18 No 54% 41% Balance perception Very good 9% 4% 6.119 .018* 0.22 Good 35% 23% Moderate 37% 40% Bad 18% 27% Very bad 1% 6% Fracture type Femoral neck 52% 40% 4.151 .246 0.18 Transtrochanteric 48% 60% Surgery type THA 51% 34% 3.684 .069 0.17 Osteosynthesis 49% 66% Fall reason Transferring 14% 33% - - - Stumble 14% 19% Slip 25% 16% Balance loss 33% 19% Others 14% 13% Fracture cause Fall at home 86% 88% - - - Fall at the street 14% 12% Abbreviations: SF = single faller; RF = recurrent faller; BMC = body mass index; MNA = mini nutritional assessment; THA = total hip arthroplasty. *p < .05 Table 3 Descriptive analysis of the sample after three months of hip fracture (n = 25). Data presented as mean (± SD) or frequency. Variable Group 1 SF (n = 19) Group 2 RF (n = 06) HGS (kgf) 21.73(9.43) 17,33(8,96) Male (kgf) 31.94(5.72) 28,00(6,60) Female (kgf) 17.01(6.60) 12,00(2,33) TUG (seconds) 30.48(21.66) 24,24(21,80) HGS (m/s) 0.46(0.25) 0,29(0,23) PT KneeExt Nm 53.44(32.84) 37,50(9,15) PT KneeExt/body mass Nm/kg 0.86(0.26) 0,59(0,05) SPPB (points) Balance 3.17(0.92) 2,00(0,89) Gait 1.83(1.04) 1,00(0,00) Muscle Strength 0.56(0.86) 0,33(0,52) Total 5.26(2.16) 3,33(0,52) NMS (points) Indoor 2.47(0.51) 2,17(0,41) Outdoor 1.84(1.07) 1,00(0,89) Walking 1.37(0.95) 1,00(0,89) Total GDS (points) 5.44(3.47) 4,33(3,39) Emotional Status Normal 61% 83% Depression 33% 17% Depression (moderate to severe) 6% 0% MNA Normal 5% 0% Malnutrition 74% 64% Malnutrition risk 21% 36% Fear of falling No 17% 33% A little 0% 0% Moderate 33% 0% A lot 50% 67% Complaint of imbalance Yes 67% 67% No 33% 33% Perception of imbalance Very good 6% 17% Good 22% 33% Moderate 44% 50% Bad 6% 0% Very Bad 22% 0% Perception of healthy Very good 39% 20% God 33% 60% Moderate 17% 0% Bad 11% 20% Perception of effort Never/rarely 44% 20% Sometimes 33% 0% Frequently 17% 20% Always 6% 60% Abbreviations: SF = single faller; RF = recurrent faller; HGS = handgrip strength; TUG = Timed Up and Go; HGS = habitual gait speed; PTKneeExt = peak torque of knee extensor; SPPB = short physical performance battery; NMS = new mobility score; GDS = geriatric depression scale; MNA = mini nutritional assessment. *p < .05 Table 4 Association between history of falls (single or recurrent) in the last year and health and mobility variables three months after hip fracture (n = 25). Dependent variable (β) EP Wald X 2 p value OR CI 95% HGS (kgf) 4.395 3.654 1.099 .294 - -3.821–12.610 TUG (seconds) -4.469 9.110 0.206 .650 - -23.792–14.853 HGS (m/s) 0.19 0.092 4.582 . 032* - 0.017–0.379 PT KneeExt Nm 23.57 9.368 6.332 .012* - 5.212–41.931 PT KneeExt/body mass Nm/kg 0.270 0.099 7.364 .007* - 0.075–0.464 SPPB (points) Balance 1.167 0.395 8.725 .003* - 0.393–1.941 Gait 0.833 0.266 9.844 .002* - 0.313–1.354 Muscle Strength 0.429 0.348 1.519 .218 - -0.253–1.110 Total 2.222 0.513 18.758 .000* - 1.217–3.228 NMS (points) Indoor 0.307 0.202 2.312 .128 - -0.089–0.703 Outdoor 0.833 0.224 13.819 .000* - 0.394–1.273 Walking 0.357 0.278 1.653 .199 - -0.187–0.902 Total 1.518 0.928 2.675 .102 - -0.301–3.336 GDS (points) 0.244 1.637 0.022 .881 - -2.963–3.452 NAM (points) 0.175 0.532 0.109 .742 - -1.218–0.868 Fear of falling -0.241 0.992 0.059 .808 .786 0.112–5.489 Complaint of imbalance 3.070 1.000 0.000 1.000 1 Perception of imbalance 1.282 0.885 2.099 .147 .636 0.636–20.398 Perception of healthy -0.389 0.923 0.186 .666 .677 0.115–3.978 Perception of effort -2.675 1.156 5.352 .021* .069 0.007–0.665 Abbreviations: SE = standard error; OR = odds ratio. HGS = handgrip strength; TUG = timed up and go; HGS = habitual gait speed; SPPB = short physical performance battery; NMS = new mobility score; GDS = geriatric depression scale; MAN = nutritional avaliation. *p < .05 Supplementary Files Graphicalabstract.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":60276,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart of the research steps. Abbreviations: RP= Ribeirão Preto; LARE-FMRP/USP= Balance Assessment and Rehabilitation Laboratory of the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7609783/v1/36eb3ad73f73c3c95a24e9b7.png"},{"id":95225654,"identity":"5e7dbaad-7cfa-4dad-81ea-41e03a71de4a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-05 16:25:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1182278,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7609783/v1/c86f8db2-be4b-4704-b643-d2850089ab20.pdf"},{"id":92737515,"identity":"7fc51329-1a3b-4bc6-b63c-21f2e959041f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-03 16:46:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":110534,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Graphicalabstract.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7609783/v1/9af69f902bfbcf5af2d0f0ef.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Recurrent fall as a predictor of short-term functional outcomes after hip fracture in older adults","fulltext":[{"header":"Key summary points","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAim.\u003c/strong\u003e This study aimed to investigate the differences between single and recurrent fallers prior to a hip fracture at hospitalization and assess the association between fall history and functional outcomes 3-months post-fracture.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFindings.\u003c/strong\u003e Recurrent fallers presents poorer health status and reduced mobility compared to those with a single fall history at baseline. After 3-months post-fracture, recurrent fallers show poorer recovery in muscle strength, physical capacity, gait speed, outdoor walking ability and higher perceived effort.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMessage.\u003c/strong\u003e Recurrent fallers are associated to worse healt conditions at hospitalization and worse functional outcomes 3-months after a hip fracture, highlighting the need for specialized post-operative care.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith population aging and the consequent increase in life expectancy, the incidence of chronic diseases and adverse health outcomes, such as fragility fractures, has risen. Although any bone can sustain a fragility fracture, hip fractures are particularly concerning, as they are the most frequent [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] and the most severe, as well as being associated with higher rates of complications following the injury [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. According to the Osteoporosis Compendium published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation in 2019 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], approximately 1.6\u0026nbsp;million hip fractures occur worldwide each year, with an estimated 140,000 cases annually in Brazil. After a hip fracture, previous studies have shown that poor physical-functional recovery is associated with worse pre-fracture functional status, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, depression, lower muscle strength and frailty, among other factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies indicate that nearly 90% of hip fractures result from falls [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In Brazil, approximately 30% of older adults experience at least one fall each year [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], a pattern also observed globally [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. The need for annual fall risk screening in all individuals over 65 years of age has been widely recognized worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e], as falls are not only prevalent but also frequently lead to severe health consequences in older adults. However, despite advancements in public health policies, significant challenges remain, particularly in the early identification of older adults at risk of falling and the implementation of appropriate fall prevention strategies. Addressing these challenges is crucial to mitigating the adverse consequences of falls, particularly hip fractures, which can severely impact the health and quality of life of older individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults can be classified based on the number of falls they have experienced within a given period. A single faller is an individual who has sustained only one fall, whereas a recurrent faller has experienced two or more falls [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. In the context of fragility hip fractures, identifying a prior history of falls is essential for understanding the health status of affected individuals, as it may reveal intrinsic differences between single and recurrent fallers. The role of fall history prior to hip fracture in the physical-functional recovery of older adults remains uncertain. Some studies have shown that prior falls are associated with worse physical recovery after hip fracture [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]; however, most consider fall history in a dichotomous manner (yes or no), without differentiating between older adults with a single fall and those with recurrent falls, which makes it difficult to understand the impact of recurrent falls on functional recovery after fracture. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that fallers (single or recurrent) differ in the factors associated with their fall risk [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. These differences could also influence short-term functional outcomes following the fracture. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether recurrent fallers exhibit intrinsic health differences compared to single fallers and to investigate whether a prior history of falls is associated with physical-functional performance three months post-fracture.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis was a 3-month prospective cohort study involving older adults (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years), of both sexes, admitted with fragility hip fractures at Santa Casa de Miseric\u0026oacute;rdia de Ribeir\u0026atilde;o Preto, S\u0026atilde;o Paulo, Brazil. This hospital serves as a referral center for hip fracture surgery in the city. The study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2024. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study protocol was approved by the local Human Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 76918324.3.0000.5440).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.1 Eligibility Criteria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants were eligible if they were \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years old and independently ambulatory, with or without assistive devices. Exclusion criteria included pre-fracture inability to walk, prior hip fractures, femoral (diaphyseal) fractures, open or pathological fractures, polytrauma, malignancies, imminent death due to a terminal illness, non-surgical treatment due to high surgical risk and a clinical diagnosis of advanced dementia. Participants who did not attend the 3-month post-fracture assessment were also excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.2 Assessments\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected at two time points: Hospital phase \u0026ndash; within 24 hours post-hip fracture surgery and Follow-up \u0026ndash; at three months post-surgery at the Laboratory of Balance Assessment and Rehabilitation, Ribeir\u0026atilde;o Preto Medical School, University of S\u0026atilde;o Paulo (FMRP-USP). Figure\u0026nbsp;1 illustrates the research steps.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring hospitalization, sample characterization data were obtained from medical records, including sex, age, weight, height and clinical variables (surgical delay in days, length of hospital stay). Surgical details such as fracture type, cause, surgical procedure and anesthesia type were also recorded. A history of falls over the 12 months preceding the fracture was collected. A fall was defined as an unintentional event resulting in a position change to a lower level than the initial position [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Before data collection, all participants received an explanation of the fall definition, fall location (indoors or outdoors) and activity at the time of the fall. For recurrent fallers, further details were recorded regarding previous falls, fall-related injuries and hospital care due to falls. Self-reported fear of falling was assessed on a 4-point scale (0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;no; 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;slightly; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;moderately; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very much).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth-related information was collected through questionnaires, including the 10-Point Cognitive Screening (10-CS) for cognitive deficit screening (cutoff\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;8 points), based on years of education [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]; the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), with a cutoff score\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5, used to screen for depressive symptoms in older adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]; the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), where a score\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;17 indicates malnutrition, a score between 17 and 23.5 indicates risk of malnutrition and a score\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;24 indicates normal nutritional status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]; self-perception of global health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], with possible responses: 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very good, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;good, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fair, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;poor, 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very poor; a question regarding complaints of imbalance (0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;yes, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;no); and a self-perception of balance, with possible responses: 0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very good, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;good, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fair, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;poor, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;very poor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre-fracture mobility was assessed using the New Mobility Score (NMS), which evaluates a patient's ability to walk indoors, outdoors and go shopping before hip fracture, providing a score between 0 and 3 (0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;does not perform, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;with another person's assistance, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;with an aid, and 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;no difficulty and no assistance) for each function, resulting in a total score from 0 (no walking ability) to 9 (fully independent) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Post-surgical basic mobility was assessed using the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS), which describes physical independence in three activities: (1) getting in and out of bed, (2) sitting down and standing up from a chair with armrests and (3) walking in a confined space. Each activity is scored on an ordinal three-point scale from 0 to 2, resulting in a total CAS score ranging from 0 to 6 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Handgrip strength, which has been used to assess overall muscle strength [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e], was measured using the Jamar handgrip dynamometer (Sammons Preston, Illinois), with the participant seated at the edge of the bed, using the dominant upper limb.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree months after the hip fracture, the same hospital-phase questionnaires were re-administered, i.e., GDS-15, MNA, the questions related to self-perceptions of global health, imbalance complaints and balance, NMS for the current period and handgrip strength. Additionally, gait speed, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and isometric knee extensor strength were assessed. Gait speed was measured over a 10-meter walk, with the time taken to cover the central 5 meters recorded, disregarding the initial and final 2.5 meters (acceleration and deceleration phases). The test was performed three times to obtain the mean habitual gait speed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. For the TUG test, the participant was asked to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters at a habitual pace, turn, walk back to the chair and sit down. The test was repeated three times and the mean completion time was recorded [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. For the gait speed and TUG tests, participants who used walking aids performed the test with their device. The SPPB was used to assess physical performance (static balance, gait speed and lower limb strength) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], generating a total score from 0 (worst performance) to 12 points (best performance).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIsometric knee extensor strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 4 Pro, New York, USA). The participant was seated with hips flexed at 90 degrees; the trunk, pelvis and contralateral lower limb were stabilized with straps. The mechanical axis of the dynamometer was aligned with the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the dynamometer arm was positioned on the tibia, slightly proximal to the superior border of the medial malleolus [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. The dominant limb was positioned at 60 degrees of knee flexion, as this range is closely related to daily functional tasks and shows a high correlation with torque produced at other knee movement ranges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) were performed, each lasting 5 seconds with a 30-second interval between them, and the highest peak torque (PT) value (Nm.kg-1) was considered for analysis. PT was normalized by body mass to better represent muscle performance relative to the individual's mass. During all contractions, verbal encouragement and visual feedback were provided [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, a self-perception question regarding the perceived effort required to perform daily activities was included with possible responses: 0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;never/rarely, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;sometimes, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;often, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;always.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.3 Statistical Analysis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 software (SPSS Inc.), with a significance level of 5% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Descriptive statistics for participant characterization included the mean, standard deviation and percentage for some variables. To identify the profile of older adults who were recurrent fallers or had experienced a single fall in the year preceding the hip fracture, an independent sample t-test was conducted to compare continuous variables between groups G1 (single fallers) and G2 (recurrent fallers). The effect size for the t-test comparisons was calculated using Hedges\u0026rsquo; G, considering it large (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.80), moderate (0.79\u0026ndash;0.4), small (0.39\u0026ndash;0.21) and negligible (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.2 or \u0026ge; -0.2). For categorical variable comparisons between groups, the effect size was calculated using Cram\u0026eacute;r\u0026rsquo;s V, categorized as small (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.1), moderate (0.1\u0026ndash;0.3), large (0.3\u0026ndash;0.5) and very large (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.5).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn order to examine the association between fall history over the past year (single vs. recurrent falls) and physical-functional performance three months post-fracture (as linear dependent variables), a generalized linear model (GLM) was applied, adjusted for Gamma distribution and identity link function (AIC=) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e], controlling for confounding variables such as age and sex. Effect sizes were estimated using standardized Beta (β) coefficients. To assess the association between fall history in the past year and health outcomes (fear of falling, imbalance complaints, balance and effort perception, task execution) three months post-fracture (categorical dependent variables), a GLM was adjusted with binary logistic regression for dichotomous variables or ordinal logistic regression for multiple-category variables was used [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Effect sizes were estimated using odds ratios (OR), with the recurrent faller group as the reference category.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe choice of a GLM with Gamma distribution was justified by the need to handle data asymmetry, the positive and continuous nature of the dependent variable and the flexibility of the GLM in accommodating different error distributions and nonlinear relationships between variables. This model allowed for a more appropriate estimation of the effects of fall history on functionality while adjusting for confounders and providing a more robust interpretation of the results. For categorical dependent variables, logistic regression models (binary and ordinal) were chosen due to their ability to handle discrete categorical variables, providing interpretable and clinically applicable effect measures.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 134 older adults were assessed during the hospital phase, with a mean age of 79.16 (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.68) years, of whom 68.6% were female. Of the total sample, in the year prior to the hip fracture, 84 older adults had experienced a single fall that resulted in a hip fracture, while 50 older adults were recurrent fallers before the fall that led to fracture. All participants sustained a hip fracture due to a fall from standing height, with 84.5% occurring in a home environment and 15.6% in an external environment. Table\u0026nbsp;1 presents the linear data characterizing the participants at baseline, while Table\u0026nbsp;2 presents the categorical data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsert table 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsidering the total sample (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;134), in the comparisons between the groups during the hospital phase, results showed differences in emotional status (GDS-15), handgrip strength, functional capacity assessed by the NMS in the outdoor walking-related item and total NMS score and balance perception, with the recurrent fallers group exhibiting greater impairment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsert table 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter three months post-hip fracture, only 19 participants from the single-fall group returned for evaluation, whereas in the recurrent fallers group, only six returned, resulting in an 81.3% sample loss. This high attrition rate may limit the generalizability of our results. To address this issue, we used GLM, as GLM is particularly suited for handling smaller sample sizes and making associations without requiring the inclusion of missing data. Since the associations were only evaluated for the 25 participants who returned for follow-up, GLM allowed for more reliable modeling despite the small sample size. Table\u0026nbsp;3 presents the results of the follow-up evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsert table 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGLM showed that being in the recurrent fallers group was a predictor of worse outcomes three months after hip fracture in gait speed, isometric knee extensor strength normalized by body mass, physical capacity in the balance, gait-related domain and total SPPB score, and the ability to walk outdoors, assessed by the NMS (Table\u0026nbsp;4). Additionally, belonging to the recurrent fallers group was associated with a worse outcome in perceived effort three months after the fracture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsert table 4\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigated the association between prior fall history and physical-functional recovery three months after a hip fracture in older adults. Specifically, we sought to determine whether older adults with a history of recurrent fallers prior to the fracture experienced worse functional outcomes compared to those with a single fall history. Our results indicated that, during the hospitalization phase, older adults with a history of recurrent falls exhibited poorer health status and reduced mobility compared to those with a single fall history. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that recurrent fallers were at an increased risk for poorer recovery in several key outcomes three months after the hip fracture, including knee muscle strength, physical capacity, gait speed, outdoor walking ability and higher perceived effort. These results suggest that individuals with a history of recurrent falls are more vulnerable to post-fracture disability and underscore the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies for this group. However, the screening of risk of falls should be implemented in the primary health care system since evidence has demonstrated that 63% of those older adults with low risk factors for falls, i.e., without previous falls in the last year and without complaint about gait and balance impairments, sustained injuries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] and, therefore, monitoring fall risk factors annually and establishing an approach strategy centered in each older adults are crucial.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn particular, knee extensor strength was notably reduced in the recurrent faller group, with a decrease of approximately 0.27 units in PT (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.270; 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.075\u0026ndash;0.464; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.007) compared to single faller. This finding reinforces the importance of including strengthening exercises for knee extensors in both preventive and rehabilitative programs, as this muscle group is closely linked to fall risk [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, gait speed showed a reduction of 0.19 m/s (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.019; 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.017\u0026ndash;0.379; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.032) compared to single fallers, which is clinically significant, as a reduction of just 0.1 m/s has been associated with poorer mobility and self-reported function [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, performance in the gait domain of the SPPB was worse in the recurrent fallers, indicating impaired locomotor function. These findings suggest that gait training interventions could improve efficiency and confidence in mobility for recurrent fallers, thus enhancing overall functional recovery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe SPPB, which assesses several functional domains, provided a comprehensive assessment of participants' physical functioning. Our study found that single-fallers performed better on balance, gait and overall SPPB scores. Specifically, being a single-faller was associated with an increase in the SPPB score by 2.22 units (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.222; 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.217\u0026ndash;3.228; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.000). Notably, the balance domain showed a 1.16-point reduction in the recurrent faller group (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.167; 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.393\u0026ndash;1.941; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.003). Balance impairments are well documented as a major predictor of falls [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] and our findings align with this, suggesting that recurrent fallers are at higher risk for additional falls after hip fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding mobility, differences between groups were particularly evident in the outdoor mobility-related domain of the NMS. Recurrent fallers tended to be more homebound, possibly due to fear of falling, lower mobility confidence and difficulty navigating challenging environments. This could contribute to social isolation, further complicating recovery. Moreover, the perceived effort analysis revealed that recurrent fallers were 93.1% (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.069; 95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007\u0026ndash;0.665; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.021) more likely to report higher levels of effort, likely due to lower physical fitness, making daily activities more taxing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA systematic review conducted by Jehu et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] analyzed risk factors for recurrent falls as a secondary prevention strategy. The meta-analysis identified four key domains as predictors of recurrent falls in older adults: balance and mobility, medication use, emotional status and sensory and/or neuromuscular impairments. Similarly, other studies have reported that poorer performance in the TUG test [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], reduced knee extension strength [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e], decreased grip strength [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] and impaired visual acuity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] were associated with an increased risk of recurrent falls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFew studies have evaluated the profile of older adults based on their history of falls before hip fracture. These studies have found that recurrent fallers exhibit lower functional status, worse cognitive function [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e], a higher number of comorbidities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], polypharmacy [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] and a higher prevalence of psychotropic medication use [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] compared to single-fallers. In our sample, although the groups did not differ statistically in cognitive status, number of comorbidities and medication use, we observed slightly worse mean values for the recurrent faller group. It is important to highlight that studies vary in their definitions of recurrent falls, which complicates direct comparisons of data. Regarding the association between prior fall history and recovery post-hip fracture, the literature indicates that being a recurrent faller negatively affects rehabilitation outcomes, requiring longer recovery times and being considered as a negative predictor of functional success [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], which was also observed in our study in relation to knee muscle strength, physical capacity and gait speed. Furthermore, the risk of developing dependence post-hip fracture was two to three times higher among older adults with a history of recurrent falls before the fracture [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFall prevention is an essential component of healthy aging, a concept widely promoted by global initiatives such as the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) strategy, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. The United Nations has designated 2021\u0026ndash;2030 as the Decade of Healthy Aging, aiming to foster policies and practices that improve quality of life and promote the well-being of older individuals, ensuring a healthcare network capable of addressing their diverse needs, including physical, mental and social health, as well as chronic disease prevention. Although fall prevention is not the primary focus of these initiatives, reducing fall risk plays a crucial role in promoting healthy aging, given the significant impact of falls and their consequences on older adults' health and quality of life. Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of older adults who sustained a hip fracture (37.31%) had already experienced falls in the period preceding the fracture event. This finding underscores that these individuals were already in unfavorable conditions for achieving successful aging.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious studies have identified several key predictors of health and functional outcomes following hip fractures, including pre-fracture mobility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], grip strength [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e], fracture type and surgical procedure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e], as well as hip abductor [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] and knee extensor [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e] isometric strength, gait speed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e], cognitive status, age and comorbidities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite evidence on predictors of health outcomes after hip fractures, little attention has been given to prior fall history among older adults who sustain such fractures. Current guidelines for fall prevention and management in older populations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] recommended fall risk stratification. Individuals with a history of recurrent falls or a single fall with injury are considered at high risk and should undergo a multidimensional assessment to identify risk factors and guide preventive treatment, given their elevated risk of future falls. In contrast, older adults who have experienced a single fall without injury or those with no prior falls but who report fear of falling, perceived postural instability, and balance or mobility impairments are classified as having moderate fall risk. For these patients, supervised exercise programs focusing on balance, muscle strength and mobility are recommended to reduce fall risk and related complications. Our study found that one in three older adults who sustained a hip fracture had experienced recurrent falls in the preceding year. This finding highlights the importance of fall risk stratification in healthcare services to improve referrals and implement interventions aimed at reducing fall incidence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOur results showed that 100% of the older adults sustained fractures due to a fall from standing height, with the majority being female. Additionally, these individuals predominantly exhibited low cognitive (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.74 points) and emotional status (5.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.25), as well as indications of malnutrition risk (59.2%). Furthermore, our analyses revealed that 66.7% of older adults who sustained a hip fracture after a single fall reported fear of falling, while 46.4% reported balance impairments. Pre-fracture mobility, assessed by the NMS, was classified as moderate, and many of these individuals, particularly females, exhibited generalized muscle weakness, as evidenced by grip strength values below the European sarcopenia consensus reference [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. These factors likely contributed to increased fall and fracture risk, reflecting prior functional decline and emphasizing the importance of early fall prevention interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeing a recurrent faller underscores the need for multidimensional assessment and individualized management centered on each older adult's needs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Proper management of recurrent fallers could have potentially prevented hip fractures. Importantly, fragility fractures are strong risk factors for subsequent fractures [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e], and patients who sustain hip fractures are at higher risk for future fractures [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, implementing integrated care pathways for secondary fracture prevention, as recommended by the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e], is crucial.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of the main strengths of this study is its prospective design, which allowed for the evaluation of older adults during hospitalization for fragility hip fractures and subsequent follow-up after three months. Our study focused on the impact of prior fall history on functional recovery following hip fractures in older adults. By examining both single-fallers and recurrent fallers, our study provides valuable insights into how fall history influences post-fracture rehabilitation outcomes, offering a nuanced understanding of recovery trajectories. Additionally, the use of a comprehensive set of physical and functional assessments, such as knee muscle strength, gait speed and balance, allows for a thorough evaluation of the factors contributing to recovery and functional decline. The study emphasizes the importance of pre-fracture mobility and the need for targeted interventions, reinforcing the role of fall prevention and rehabilitation strategies for older adults. Additionally, our study contributes to the scarce literature on this topic, particularly in the Brazilian context, and highlights the importance of assessing prior fall history in the rehabilitation of older adults post-hip fracture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, there are limitations that need to be acknowledged. One limitation is the retrospective nature of the fall history assessment. While we collected fall history prior to the fracture, it was based on patients' recollection, which may be subject to recall bias. Furthermore, the study sample had a significant drop-out rate at the three-month follow-up, with a return rate of only 19 participants from the single-fall group and 6 from the recurrent fallers group. This sample loss could potentially limit the generalizability of the findings. Moreover, our study was conducted in a single center, which may not fully represent the broader population of older adults with hip fractures. The hospital environment, with its specific characteristics and resources, may differ from other settings, which could affect the external validity of the results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn terms of sustainability, our study faced challenges in maintaining follow-up after hospital discharge. This reflects a broader issue in geriatric research, where difficulties in tracking participants after discharge are common due to factors such as mobility limitations, social isolation, lack of resources and dependence of the caregiver, the burden of regular follow-up appointments and the impact of the hip fracture itself. Despite these challenges, the results of this study underline the need for comprehensive, longitudinal care that addresses both physical and psychological aspects of recovery for older adults post-hip fracture. Future research could benefit from a more extensive, multicenter design to strengthen the external validity and better understand the long-term outcomes of hip fractures and recurrent falls.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study emphasizes the critical role of collecting a comprehensive fall history prior to hip fracture, as it is strongly associated with poorer recovery outcomes three months post-surgery. These findings are important for clinical physiotherapy practice, as they suggest that fall prevention and rehabilitation strategies focusing on balance, muscle strength and mobility are essential for improving outcomes in older adults with a history of recurrent falls. Tailored and multidimensional approaches to care may offer the best opportunity to improve recovery, prevent future falls and promote healthy aging.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the Coordena\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o de Aperfei\u0026ccedil;oamento de Pessoal de N\u0026iacute;vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank Coordena\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o de Aperfei\u0026ccedil;oamento de Pessoal de N\u0026iacute;vel Superior\u0026mdash;Brazil (CAPES\u0026mdash;Finance Code 001) and the Foundation for Support of Teaching, Research and Assistance of the Hospital das Cl\u0026iacute;nicas of the Ribeir\u0026atilde;o Preto Medical School at the University of S\u0026atilde;o Paulo (FAEPA) for the research support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKalan Farmanfarma K, Yarmohammadi S, Fakharian E, Gobbens RJ, Mahdian M, Batooli Z et al (2024) Prognostic Factors of Hip Fracture in Elderly: A Systematic Review. 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Jun;81(3):296\u0026ndash;302. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3109/17453674.2010.487240\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3109/17453674.2010.487240\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHashida R, Matsuse H, Bekki M, Iwanaga S, Higuchi T, Hirakawa Y, Kubota A, Imagawa H, Muta Y, Miruno Y, Minamitani K, Shiba N (2021) Grip Strength as a Predictor of the Functional Outcome of Hip-Fracture Patients. 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Geriatr (Basel) 6(1):8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3390/geriatrics6010008\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/geriatrics6010008\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKang MJ, Kim BR, Lee SY, Beom J, Choi JH, Lim JY (2023) Factors predictive of functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with fragility hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study. 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Erratum in: Age Ageing. 2019;48(4):601. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz046\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTyas B, Wilkinson M, Singisetti K (2021) Effect of Covid-19 on best practice care of hip fracture patients: an analysis from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD). \u003cem\u003eThe surgeon\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2021.01.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.surge.2021.01.003\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePearse EO, Redfern DJ, Sinha M, Edge AJ (2003) Outcome following a second hip fracture. Injury 34:518\u0026ndash;521\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCol\u0026oacute;n-Emeric C, Kuchibhatla M, Pieper C, Hawkes W, Fredman L, Magaziner J, Zimmerman S, Lyles KW (2003) The contribution of hip fracture to risk of subsequent fractures: data from two longitudinal studies. Osteoporos Int 14(11):879\u0026ndash;883. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00198-003-1460-x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00198-003-1460-x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWalters S, Khan T, Ong T, Sahota O (2017) Fracture liaison services: improving outcomes for patients with osteoporosis. Clin Interv Aging 12:117\u0026ndash;127. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.2147/CIA.S85551\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.2147/CIA.S85551\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eComparison between groups at baseline. Data presented as average (SD) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;134)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSF (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;84)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRF (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003et value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEffect size (Hedge\u0026rsquo;s G)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAge (years)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e78.6(8.92)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e79.58(8.72)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.593\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.554\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYears of study\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.91(4.35)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.5(4.31)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.533\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.595\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.09\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eN of comorbidities\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.37(1.50)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.62(1.99)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.832\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.407\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.15\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eN of medicaments\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.54(2.84)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.04(3.04)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.936\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.351\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.17\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWeight (kg)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e65.96(19.23)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e62.05(13.07)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.184\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.239\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.23\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHeight (m)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.62(0.13)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.59(0.11)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.110\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.153\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.24\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBMC m/kg\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25.29(5.94)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24.53(4.74)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.706\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.481\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.14\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10 CS (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.99(2.79)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.35(2.72)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.261\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.209\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.23\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGDS-15 (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.68(2.54)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.38(3.29)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-3.096\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.006*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.60\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eHGS (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21.13(9.18)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16.98(7.67)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.575\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.011*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.48\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003emale (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29.27(8.72)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23.67(7.22)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.191\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.036*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.76\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003efemale (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16.82(5.95)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14.06(5.88)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.061\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.042*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.47\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNMS indoor (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.83(0.38)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.71(0.62)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.386\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.168\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.25\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNMS outdoor (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.44(0.98)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.92(1.28)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.605\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.017*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.47\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNMS walking (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.15(1.23)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.71(1.37)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.881\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.071\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.34\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNMS total (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.41(2.32)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.33(2.97)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.308\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.033*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.41\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCAS bed (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.67(0.66)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.60(0.53)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.674\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.502\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCAS sitting (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.55(0.65)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.46(0.50)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.879\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.381\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.15\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCAS walking (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.34(0.61)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.20(0.40)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.414\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.160\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.26\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCAS total (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.57(1.75)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.26(1.24)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.084\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.280\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.20\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAbbreviations: SF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;single faller; RF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;recurrent faller; BMC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;body mass index; 10 CS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10-point Cognitive Screener; GDS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;geriatric depression scale; HGS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;handgrip strength; NMS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;New Mobility Score; CAS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Cumulated Ambulatorial Score. \u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eComparison between groups at baseline for categorical variables (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;134). Data presented in frequency (%).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSF (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;84)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRF(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEffect size (V of Cramer)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSex\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e65%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e68%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.090\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.851\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.03\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e35%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e32%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eRace\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWhite\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e75%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.565\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.754\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.07\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYellow\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBlack\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eBMC status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eUnderweight\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.346\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.510\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.11\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEutrophic\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOverweight\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eCognitive decline\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e80%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e85%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.505\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.477\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.06\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eEmotional status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNormal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.100\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.011*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.28\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDepression\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e35%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e35%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate or severe depression\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNAM\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMalnutrition\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.954\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.084\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.20\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMalnutrition risk\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e56%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNormal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e35%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e29%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFear of falling\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eno\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.023\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.388\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.15\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003elittle\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003emoderade\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e15%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eA lot\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e45%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eImbalance complaint\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e46%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e59%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.107\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.128\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.18\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e54%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e41%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eBalance perception\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery good\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.119\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.018*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.22\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGood\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e35%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBad\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e27%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery bad\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFracture type\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemoral neck\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e52%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e40%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.151\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.246\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.18\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTranstrochanteric\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e48%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSurgery type\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTHA\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e51%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e34%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.684\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.069\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.17\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOsteosynthesis\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e49%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e66%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFall reason\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTransferring\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eStumble\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSlip\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e25%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e16%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBalance loss\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOthers\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFracture cause\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFall at home\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e86%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e88%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFall at the street\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e14%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAbbreviations: SF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;single faller; RF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;recurrent faller; BMC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;body mass index; MNA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;mini nutritional assessment; THA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;total hip arthroplasty. \u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDescriptive analysis of the sample after three months of hip fracture (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25). Data presented as mean (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD) or frequency.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVariable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSF (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGroup 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eRF (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;06)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHGS\u003c/span\u003e (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21.73(9.43)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17,33(8,96)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMale (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.94(5.72)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e28,00(6,60)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFemale (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17.01(6.60)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e12,00(2,33)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTUG\u003c/span\u003e (seconds)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e30.48(21.66)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e24,24(21,80)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHGS\u003c/span\u003e (m/s)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.46(0.25)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0,29(0,23)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePT KneeExt Nm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e53.44(32.84)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e37,50(9,15)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePT KneeExt/body mass Nm/kg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.86(0.26)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0,59(0,05)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSPPB\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBalance\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.17(0.92)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2,00(0,89)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGait\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.83(1.04)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1,00(0,00)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMuscle Strength\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.56(0.86)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0,33(0,52)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.26(2.16)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3,33(0,52)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNMS\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIndoor\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.47(0.51)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2,17(0,41)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOutdoor\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.84(1.07)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1,00(0,89)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWalking\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.37(0.95)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1,00(0,89)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eGDS\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.44(3.47)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4,33(3,39)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eEmotional Status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNormal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e61%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e83%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDepression\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDepression (moderate to severe)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMNA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNormal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMalnutrition\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e74%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e64%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMalnutrition risk\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e21%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e36%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFear of falling\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eA little\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eA lot\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eComplaint of imbalance\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eYes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e67%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNo\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of imbalance\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery good\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGood\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e22%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e50%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBad\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery Bad\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e22%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of healthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eVery good\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e39%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGod\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eModerate\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBad\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e11%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of effort\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNever/rarely\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e44%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eSometimes\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e33%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eFrequently\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e17%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e20%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAlways\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e60%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAbbreviations: SF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;single faller; RF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;recurrent faller; HGS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;handgrip strength; TUG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Timed Up and Go; HGS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;habitual gait speed; PTKneeExt\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;peak torque of knee extensor; SPPB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;short physical performance battery; NMS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;new mobility score; GDS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;geriatric depression scale; MNA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;mini nutritional assessment. \u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAssociation between history of falls (single or recurrent) in the last year and health and mobility variables three months after hip fracture (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDependent variable\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e(β)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEP\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWald X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ep value\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOR\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCI 95%\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHGS\u003c/span\u003e (kgf)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.395\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.654\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.099\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.294\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-3.821\u0026ndash;12.610\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTUG\u003c/span\u003e (seconds)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-4.469\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.110\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.206\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.650\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-23.792\u0026ndash;14.853\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eHGS\u003c/span\u003e (m/s)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.19\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.092\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e4.582\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e032*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.017\u0026ndash;0.379\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePT KneeExt Nm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e23.57\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.368\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.332\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.012*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.212\u0026ndash;41.931\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePT KneeExt/body mass Nm/kg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.270\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.099\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e7.364\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.007*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.075\u0026ndash;0.464\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eSPPB\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eBalance\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.167\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.395\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e8.725\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.003*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.393\u0026ndash;1.941\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eGait\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.833\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.266\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e9.844\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.002*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.313\u0026ndash;1.354\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMuscle Strength\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.429\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.348\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.519\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.218\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.253\u0026ndash;1.110\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.222\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.513\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e18.758\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.000*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.217\u0026ndash;3.228\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNMS\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIndoor\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.307\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.202\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.312\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.128\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.089\u0026ndash;0.703\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOutdoor\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.833\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.224\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e13.819\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.000*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.394\u0026ndash;1.273\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWalking\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.357\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.278\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.653\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.199\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.187\u0026ndash;0.902\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eTotal\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.518\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.928\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.675\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.102\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.301\u0026ndash;3.336\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eGDS\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.244\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.637\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.022\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.881\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-2.963\u0026ndash;3.452\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eNAM\u003c/span\u003e (points)\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.175\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.532\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.109\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.742\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-1.218\u0026ndash;0.868\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eFear of falling\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.241\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.992\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.059\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.808\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.786\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.112\u0026ndash;5.489\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eComplaint of imbalance\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.070\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.000\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of imbalance\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.282\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.885\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.099\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.147\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.636\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.636\u0026ndash;20.398\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of healthy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-0.389\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.923\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.186\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.666\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.677\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.115\u0026ndash;3.978\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003ePerception of effort\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e-2.675\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.156\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.352\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e.021*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e.069\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.007\u0026ndash;0.665\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAbbreviations: SE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;standard error; OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;odds ratio. HGS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;handgrip strength; TUG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;timed up and go; HGS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;habitual gait speed; SPPB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;short physical performance battery; NMS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;new mobility score; GDS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;geriatric depression scale; MAN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;nutritional avaliation. \u003cspan type=\"Bold\" class=\"Bold\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"history of falls, accidental falls, postoperative recovery, recovery of function fragility fractures, geriatric rehabilitation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7609783/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7609783/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose. \u003c/strong\u003eHip fracture (HP) incidence has increased worldwide, with 90% resulting from falls, a preventable event. Identifying fall history prior to a HP is essential to better understand older adults’ conditions and recovery potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods.\u003c/strong\u003e This prospective cohort study aimed to examine whether recurrent fallers (RF) differ from single fallers (SF) in intrinsic health characteristics and to assess the association between fall history and functional performance 3-months post-fracture. A total of 134 older adults hospitalized for HF were included and categorized into SF (n=84) and RF (n=50) based on fall history in the previous year. Clinical and surgical data, fall history, self-perceived health and balance, handgrip strength (HGS), New Mobility Score (NMS), and post-fracture mobility (Cumulated Ambulation Score) were assessed during hospitalization. After 3-months, reassessments included gait speed, Timed Up and Go, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), isometric knee extension strength, and perceived effort. Statistical analyses included t-tests and chi-square for comparing groups and generalized linear models for assess association between the variables (SPSS 25.0; p≤0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults.\u003c/strong\u003e During hospitalization, RF showed lower HGS (p=0.01), outdoor mobility (p=0.02) and total NMS (p=0.03), worse emotional state (p=0.006) and balance perception (p=0.01). At 3-months, RF was associated with reduced outdoor mobility (p\u0026lt;0.001), higher perceived effort (p=0.02), slower gait speed (p=0.03) and lower knee extension strength (p=0.007) and SPPB scores for gait (p=0.001), balance (p=0.003), and total (p=0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion. \u003c/strong\u003eThese findings suggest that recurrent falls are linked to worse functional outcomes following HF in older adults, emphasizing the importance of fall risk stratification and early preventive interventions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Recurrent fall as a predictor of short-term functional outcomes after hip fracture in older adults","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-03 16:45:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7609783/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"395d1085-975f-4f32-b612-4830905c4a9c","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-04T14:41:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-03 16:45:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7609783","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7609783","identity":"rs-7609783","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}