Blockchain Enabled Secure Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Framework with Traceability: An Efficient Searchable PharmaChain Approach

Blockchain Enabled Secure Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Framework with Traceability: An Efficient Searchable PharmaChain Approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Blockchain Enabled Secure Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Framework with Traceability: An Efficient Searchable PharmaChain Approach Rahul Mishra, Dharavath Ramesh, Nazeeruddin Mohammad, Bhaskar Mondal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887972/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The complex networks of manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, and customers that make up today’s pharmaceutical supply chain span worldwide. As it is, there needs to be more transparency in the traditional pharma supply chain. Also, the global nature of this industry makes it vulnerable to problems caused by a lack of transparency, distrust among involved entities, and reluctance to share data. Such lack of transparency mainly causes concerns regarding pharmaceutical product supply record forgery and counterfeiting of drugs. Supply chain traceability, which means following a product’s journey from its manufacturing facility to its final consumers, is critically important, as it necessitates traceability, authenticity, and efficiency at a high level. This study proposes a blockchain-based secure and efficient traceable supply chain infrastructure for pharmaceutical products. Smart contracts are at the heart of the proposed solution, which uses them to track how all the entities are involved in supply and record relevant events. Thus, all the involved entities can stay up-to-date on the latest state and guarantee a secure supply against any supply record forgery and counterfeit pharmaceutical products. In addition, we replicate the records in many chunks and use parallel search to achieve efficient traceability, which searches the stored records efficiently on the blockchain network. The comprehensive security analysis with standard theoretical proofs ensures the computational infeasibility of the proposed model. Further, the detailed performance analysis with test simulations shows the practicability of the proposed model. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Traceability Searchable blockchain network Authentication Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3887972","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":269189766,"identity":"70a8d71d-0c41-4122-a6f2-fcaf02ed85b5","order_by":0,"name":"Rahul Mishra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology (ISM)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rahul","middleName":"","lastName":"Mishra","suffix":""},{"id":269189767,"identity":"48111606-96e9-4b9d-b308-2b357924de68","order_by":1,"name":"Dharavath Ramesh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAxAqgZ+ZsYEhAVWQgBbJZsbGBtK0GBxgAFpDDOC7ffbhpxsVdXnGx5nbHzz4s42Bv/0A4+ECPFokz6UbS+ecOVxsdhjosMS22wwSZxIYDs/Ao8XgDBuDdG7bgcRtYC0NtxkYbjAwHObBr4X5d+6/usTNYO//uc0gT4QWNuncBubEDcwgLWy3GQwIaZEEarHOOXY4cQbQYTOAfuExPJPYgFcLH9Bht3Nq6hL7+48/+Pjjz205ueOHD3/GpwUDABUTGT+jYBSMglEwCnADAFYTVE5e2Mv4AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology (ISM)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dharavath","middleName":"","lastName":"Ramesh","suffix":""},{"id":269189768,"identity":"424bc126-76fd-4b95-af31-2f587a47589d","order_by":2,"name":"Nazeeruddin Mohammad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nazeeruddin","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohammad","suffix":""},{"id":269189769,"identity":"e2ab18bf-d312-4816-baaa-3eba195f812c","order_by":3,"name":"Bhaskar Mondal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhaskar","middleName":"","lastName":"Mondal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-22 12:59:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887972/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887972/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50692450,"identity":"31db5248-48ed-4bca-a510-33f43771f386","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-05 21:58:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":850779,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TraceablePharmasupplychainsubmissionNEW.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3887972/v1_covered_0a86fbc2-6e9d-4b41-995f-5abbf3def4ea.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Blockchain Enabled Secure Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Framework with Traceability: An Efficient Searchable PharmaChain Approach","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Pharmaceutical Supply Chain, Traceability, Searchable blockchain network, Authentication","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887972/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3887972/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The complex networks of manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, and customers that make up today’s pharmaceutical supply chain span worldwide. 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