Associations between body mass index and retained placenta in delivery hospitalizations: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2016-2020

Jui‐Der Liou, Jui-Der Liou, Liou JD, Yu CW, Chengwei Yu, Cheng-Wei Yu, Hsieh WC, Wen-Chi Hsieh, Wen‐Chi Hsieh, Tsung‐Yi Tzang, Tsung-Yi Tzang, Tzang TY, Ho CY, Cheng-Yu Ho, Ho Cl
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · 2026 · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71214 · PMID:42482624 · W7170037658
article OA: closed public-domain-us
View on OpenAlex View on PubMed View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-23 ⓘ

This analysis of delivery hospitalizations found that obesity and morbid obesity are independent risk factors for retained placenta, with morbid obesity conferring the highest risk.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Retained placenta (RP) is an obstetric complication associated with postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, and maternal morbidity. While maternal body mass index (BMI) influences pregnancy outcomes, its associations with RP are unclear. We aimed to examine associations between BMI, demographic and clinical factors, and RP using a nationally representative inpatient dataset. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data of women aged ≥18 years with delivery hospitalizations from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2016-2020. RP was identified using the ICD-10 codes. Included women were classified on the basis of BMI as non-obese (<30.0 kg/m2), obese (30.0-39.9 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (≥40.0 kg/m2). Weighted logistic regression analysis determined associations between study variables and RP occurrence. RESULTS: Among 3 590 940 delivery hospitalizations, 28 935 women (0.8%) had RP. Multivariable analysis identified advanced maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.046, 95% CI: 1.044-1.049), obesity (aOR = 1.18), morbid obesity (aOR = 1.25), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (aOR = 1.33), endometriosis (aOR = 2.28), smoking (aOR = 1.33), multiple pregnancy (aOR = 2.37), uterine surgery (aOR = 2.04), abortion (aOR = 1.43), and infertility (aOR = 1.87) as independent risk factors for RP. Cesarean delivery (vs. vaginal delivery) was significantly associated with a lower risk of RP (aOR = 0.14). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent risk factors across age, prematurity, and PPROM, with multiple pregnancy, endometriosis, PCOS, obesity, and smoking remaining significant predictors. CONCLUSION: Obesity is an independent risk factor for RP, and morbid obesity confers the highest risk. Study findings emphasize the need for patient-focused obstetric management in high-risk populations.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2026) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

References (21)

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-07-27T06:15:28.040536+00:00
openalex
last seen: 2026-07-27T06:07:00.875360+00:00
pubmed
last seen: 2026-07-27T06:09:16.631922+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-07-27T06:55:32.580041+00:00
License: public-domain-us · commercial use OK · attribution required
Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine