Valorisation of luffa cylindrica and corn husk waste into multifunctional bio composites for sustainable acoustic applications

Valorisation of luffa cylindrica and corn husk waste into multifunctional bio composites for sustainable acoustic applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Valorisation of luffa cylindrica and corn husk waste into multifunctional bio composites for sustainable acoustic applications Priyanka P Singh, G Nath This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A novel eco-friendly hybrid composite is developed using luffa and corn husk fibers in an epoxy matrix for improved strength and sound absorption. The work aims to valorize agro-residues by fabricating lightweight, porous and biodegradable sound-absorbing materials. Luffa’s fibrous network and orange peel’s cellular microstructure were chemically treated and homogenized at defined ratios to enhance interfacial bonding and sound dissipation capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed an interconnected hybrid matrix with hierarchical porosity, while FTIR analysis validated effective chemical treatment and retention of cellulose-rich domains.The composite samples were fabricated via compression molding and evaluated across 100–5000 Hz using impedance tube-based tests (ASTM E1050). The composite was made using a multi-stage technique that encompassed surface modification, fiber hybridization, and resin infusion, achieving remarkable sound, structural, and thermal properties. The acoustic behavior of the composite was calculated using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model, which was in excellent agreement with measurements from sound absorption impedance tubes. The hybrid composite reached a maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of 0.96 at 3000Hz and a Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) of 0.49, thus classifying it as Class A under ISO 11654 standards. Structure and dynamic mechanical tests indicated an increase of fundamental porosity, interfacial adhesion, viscoelastic damping, and suffuse acoustic broadband attenuation. This study offers insight into the use of hybrid luffa-corn husk composites as eco-friendly and efficient materials for active noise control systems in buildings and vehicles. Hybrid biocomposites Luffa fiber Corn husk fiber Sound absorption Johnson-Champoux-Allard model Sustainable materials Polymer matrix Acoustic performance Full Text Supplementary Files Declarationofcompetinginterest.docx GraphicalAbstract.docx Highlights.docx StatementofNovelty.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 17 Jul, 2025 Editor invited by journal 17 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6913086","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":486758975,"identity":"77d401fc-a02f-4a54-951d-78a38787057e","order_by":0,"name":"Priyanka P Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Priyanka","middleName":"P","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":486758976,"identity":"4b984ddf-a42b-4197-804a-e1b303723777","order_by":1,"name":"G Nath","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLADZoYKEMncQLQOxmaGMyAtjKRoYWwD0/i1yLufPfjwZ5tdPoN08/PHhfNqo/nbgVp+VGzDqcXwTF6yMW9bsmWDzDHD5pnbjufOOMzYwNhz5jZuLQ05ZtKM25gNGCQSDJt5tx3LbQBqYWZsw6Ol/435z5/b6oFa0j828845ljufkBZ5iRwzBt5th4FacoC2NNTkbiCkxUDijbE077/jBmwSOYWzeY4dyN0I1HIQn1/k+3MMP/44U23AL5G+4TNPTV3uvPOHDz74UYHHlgNQBhuEOgwmD2BTCrelAZVfh0/xKBgFo2AUjFAAAFRQWFXqgYDNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"G","middleName":"","lastName":"Nath","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-17 10:06:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87268392,"identity":"30f16d38-eadd-4e71-ba75-d993b3d45a56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 08:10:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1160412,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6913086/v1_covered_f8eceda3-ba2d-416c-9dd0-705596513cf2.pdf"},{"id":87263982,"identity":"6148a92a-666d-42d4-947d-ffd5bfb754a6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 07:46:10","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11618,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Declarationofcompetinginterest.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6913086/v1/3b65ba0a2cce852ef020a75b.docx"},{"id":87265376,"identity":"b5eb4e8e-20b5-43d7-8e53-7b769f0d9ecf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 07:54:11","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1664650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6913086/v1/3f2633bf0e23bab2fd111d11.docx"},{"id":87263983,"identity":"d34dc297-59a8-403a-8693-d4fda10c3275","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 07:46:10","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14200,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Highlights.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6913086/v1/9074e5532cbb87de705d4c45.docx"},{"id":87263985,"identity":"a8fa2388-efd5-4e8d-91f0-e3d37c54d54b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 07:46:10","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"StatementofNovelty.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6913086/v1/8d4a743bc74d40d29ef3080f.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Valorisation of luffa cylindrica and corn husk waste into multifunctional bio composites for sustainable acoustic applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Hybrid biocomposites, Luffa fiber, Corn husk fiber, Sound absorption, Johnson-Champoux-Allard model, Sustainable materials, Polymer matrix, Acoustic performance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA novel eco-friendly hybrid composite is developed using luffa and corn husk fibers in an epoxy matrix for improved strength and sound absorption. The work aims to valorize agro-residues by fabricating lightweight, porous and biodegradable sound-absorbing materials. Luffa’s fibrous network and orange peel’s cellular microstructure were chemically treated and homogenized at defined ratios to enhance interfacial bonding and sound dissipation capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed an interconnected hybrid matrix with hierarchical porosity, while FTIR analysis validated effective chemical treatment and retention of cellulose-rich domains.The composite samples were fabricated via compression molding and evaluated across 100–5000 Hz using impedance tube-based tests (ASTM E1050). The composite was made using a multi-stage technique that encompassed surface modification, fiber hybridization, and resin infusion, achieving remarkable sound, structural, and thermal properties. The acoustic behavior of the composite was calculated using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model, which was in excellent agreement with measurements from sound absorption impedance tubes. The hybrid composite reached a maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of 0.96 at 3000Hz and a Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) of 0.49, thus classifying it as Class A under ISO 11654 standards. Structure and dynamic mechanical tests indicated an increase of fundamental porosity, interfacial adhesion, viscoelastic damping, and suffuse acoustic broadband attenuation. This study offers insight into the use of hybrid luffa-corn husk composites as eco-friendly and efficient materials for active noise control systems in buildings and vehicles.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Valorisation of luffa cylindrica and corn husk waste into multifunctional bio composites for sustainable acoustic applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-22 07:46:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6913086/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-17T08:37:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-07-17T08:30:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-18T12:44:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-06-17T06:05:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b7928c26-c72f-4126-b26d-96ac7afb89c9","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-22T07:46:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-22 07:46:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6913086","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6913086","identity":"rs-6913086","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}