Genomic adaptations in information processing underpin trophic strategy in a whole-ecosystem nutrient enrichment experiment

Several universal genomic traits affect the capacity, cost, and efficiency of biochemical information processing underpinning metabolism and reproduction. We analyzed their role in mediating planktonic microbial community responses to nutrient enrichment in an oligotrophic, phosphorus-deficient pond in Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico—one of the first whole-ecosystem experiments involving replicated metagenomic assessments. As predicted assuming oligotrophy favors lower information-processing costs whereas copiotrophy favors higher processing rates, mean bacteria genome size was higher in the fertilized treatment, as were GC content, total number of tRNA genes, total number of rRNA genes and codon usage bias in ribosomal protein sequences. However, contrasting changes in trait variances also suggested differences between traits in mediating assembly under oligotrophic versus copiotrophic conditions. Tradeoffs in information-processing traits are apparently sufficiently pronounced to play a role in community assembly and all different components of metabolism— information, energy, and nutrient requirements—are fine-tuned to an organism’s growth and trophic strategy.