Climate-induced length of day variations since Late Pliocene

Climate-induced length of day variations since Late Pliocene | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Climate-induced length of day variations since Late Pliocene Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, Benedikt Soja This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6773636/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The duration of a day is not constant and changes due to gravitational effect of the Moon, and various geophysical processes acting within the Earth’s interior, on its surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these processes, the role of climate is less studied, particularly in terms of barystatic processes, i.e., the continental-ocean mass redistribution due to melting of polar ice sheets and global glaciers, as well as changes in terrestrial hydrology. Although previous research has estimated the variations in length of day (ΔLOD) caused by barystatic processes, these estimates are limited to the Common Era, which prevents us from putting the contemporary ΔLOD induced by sea level change into the context of past climate change. Here we use the output of a climate model that is constrained with paleoclimate proxies to reconstruct ΔLOD caused by sea level change since Late Pliocene (∼3.6 Myr ago), based on a probabilistic deep learning algorithm called physics-informed diffusion model. We unravel large-amplitude fluctuations due to sea level change driven by waxing and waning of large continental ice sheets during the Quaternary ice ages, but also that 21st century climate change might be increasing ΔLOD by a rate that is among the highest in the past 3.6 Myr. Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6773636","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":463461111,"identity":"68b83faa-1ea0-40dd-8508-5f7c2844feb2","order_by":0,"name":"Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAArElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACHsYGBgYDGwYGCSAHxCZWSxoDDwlawORhErTo9hxu/FxQcF7OXrr9AcPPHURoMTvb2Cw9w+C2MY/MgQTG3jPEaDnP2CDNY3A7sUci4QAzYxtxWpp/8xicq++RSGwgUsvZxjagLQcSeCSSGYjUcuZgmzWPQbJhz400hoO9xGlJf3yb54+dPPuM9IcPfhKjBQUcIFXDKBgFo2AUjAIcAABRKjQx+6rt/wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-7014","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mostafa","middleName":"Kiani","lastName":"Shahvandi","suffix":""},{"id":463461112,"identity":"a8f843fe-5296-4171-8ca7-907b2e28f71f","order_by":1,"name":"Benedikt Soja","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-2147","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benedikt","middleName":"","lastName":"Soja","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-29 07:05:58","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6773636/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6773636/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83802413,"identity":"dd2e6803-7ff2-4959-b638-ed2a8d971faf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-03 03:29:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2590814,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ClimateInducedLODPliocenepreprint.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6773636/v1_covered_d40a9998-07cc-44df-a4fe-0cc849e2d561.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eClimate-induced length of day variations since Late Pliocene\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6773636/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6773636/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe duration of a day is not constant and changes due to gravitational effect of the Moon, and various geophysical processes acting within the Earth’s interior, on its surface, and in the atmosphere. 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