Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region:  A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019

Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019 Amal Elamin, Malin Garemo, Anzelle Mulder This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology and dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000–2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted. Results Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case-control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2–88.8%, early childhood caries between 3–57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6–8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies. Conclusions Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes. Dentistry Head & Neck Surgery Children Dental caries Eating habits Middle East Northern Africa Oral health Risk factors Socioeconomics Sugar intake Tooth brushing Figures Figure 1 1. Background Dental caries continues to be one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and a costly burden to healthcare services despite the availability of effective basic prevention measures [ 1 ]. Since the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 and later the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both of which allowed for tracking countries’ health profiles, the profile of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has undergone notable changes [ 2 ]. In some MENA countries, political stability, economic growth and investments in healthcare systems have led to improvements in various health indicators, whereas some countries have been impacted by political unrest or war; subsequently, the region currently includes low-middle income, upper-middle income and high income countries [ 3 , 4 ]. These societal changes have also contributed to an increased rate of non-communicable diseases and persistence of some communicable diseases, such as dental caries, due to a marked shift in lifestyle, increased food availability and a notable nutritional transition among citizens [ 4 ]. Globally, the profile of dental caries is also heterogeneous across developing and developed countries, with large disparities reported between and within groups [ 5 , 6 ]. Principally, it has been claimed that dental caries is decreasing in most industrialized countries due to improvements in prevention programmes and increased access to dental health services, but conflicting results have shown that dental caries is still prevalent among underprivileged groups in many of these countries [ 5 , 7 , 8 ]. In most developing countries, dental caries levels were low until recent years, after which an increase has been observed due to growing consumption of sugars, inadequate exposure to fluorides and less access to oral healthcare services [ 5 , 8 , 9 ]. In the MENA region, trends in dental caries have shown a rapid increase in the incidence of the disease, with most caries remaining untreated [ 10 ]. Existing data from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) from 20 countries show wide variations in dental caries with decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores (DMFT) among 12-year-olds ranging from 0.4–4.4 and a higher prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition among 6-year-olds [ 10 ]. Furthermore, distinctions between dental caries experiences are present, with high rates of untreated caries in developing countries, which reflects the limited resources available and difficulties in accessibility and affordability to essential oral health care services [ 10 , 11 ]. While determinants that contribute to the initiation and progression of dental caries are complex and multifactorial, understanding their role is crucial for establishing appropriate prevention and management strategies [ 12 ]. The determinants can be divided into biological, contextual/environmental, sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic factors [ 13 , 14 ]. Examples of biological determinants include host susceptibility and oral flora, and the contextual/environmental determinants include access to and utilization of dental healthcare services, oral health promotion programmes and fluoridation of water [ 15 ]. Moreover, examples of sociobehavioural/cultural determinants regarding dental caries include dental hygiene practices, consumption of sugars, lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use [ 16 ]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no recent studies focusing on sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the MENA region. Hence, the aim of the review was to address this gap in the literature. The central questions for this review, which incorporated literature from 2000 to 2019 published from the MENA region were: (1) What sociobehavioural and socioeconomic variables have been studied within the context of dental caries prevalence in children, aged 0–20 years? (2) What did the reviewed studies reveal about the influence of sociobehavioural and socioeconomic variables on the risk for dental caries in children? (3) What recommendations can be made for future research? 2. Methods Electronic searches of databases (PubMed and Medline) and a specialized webpage (scholar.google.com) were used to explore determinants or prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) or dental caries in children and young adults (age 0-20 years) residing in the MENA region. The World Atlas categorization of the MENA region was used, and accordingly, the following countries were included: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE and Yemen. Combinations of the following MeSH terms were used to identify relevant articles: “caries”, “children”, “determinants”, “behaviours”, “dietary causes”, “dietary habits”, “education, factors, income, socio, social determinants and geographic context (each of the individual countries, e.g., Egypt, Middle East and North Africa). An example of the search strategy used to search MEDLINE: (“determinant” [all fields] AND “caries” [all fields] AND “children” [all fields] AND “country name” [all fields]). Table 1 describes the search terms and examples of search strategies. Screening process A comprehensive literature search was performed and updated until June 2020. One author (AM) undertook the literature search in the specified search databases and a specialized webpage after which the two other authors (AE and MG) removed all the duplicates, identifying 600 articles. The titles and abstracts of the 600 articles were read by all authors and screened for relevance. AE and MG applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and when in doubt about the eligibility of an article, both independently read the abstract and, if necessary, the full-text article, after which it was discussed and full consensus was reached. Duplicate references were checked and removed using Endnote bibliographic software [17]. Inclusion and exclusion criteria After removal of duplicates, 600 articles were identified through all the search strategies. Thereafter, the initial screening process was conducted to include only articles in English published during January 2000-January 2019 within the MENA region. Following this, the titles, abstracts and, when needed, the articles’ full text were screened according to their relevance to the scope of this study, the study design, health and medical conditions in the studied population and finally the age group. Articles that were not relevant to sociocultural, sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries, such as those examining microbiological and genetic predictors of dental caries, were outside the scope of this study and were therefore excluded. Original cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and longitudinal studies were included, whereas reviews, interventional studies, case reports and editorial commentaries were excluded. Furthermore, studies focusing on children/young adults with certain health and medical conditions (cardiovascular disease, autism, diabetes, Down syndrome, etc.) were excluded. The final inclusion criterion that was applied was age, where articles reporting results from children, teenagers and young adults aged 0-20 years were included, whereas findings related to adults were excluded. A few relevant articles where the full-text articles were not accessible were also excluded. This resulted in 77 articles being included for this study, and 523 articles were excluded as described in Figure 1. 3. Results Overall, 77 articles were included in this review from 14 countries: Egypt (n= 4) [18-21], Iran (n= 18) [22-39], Iraq (n=2) [40, 41], Jordan (n=4) [42-45], Kuwait (n= 3) [46-48], Lebanon (n=1) [49], Libya (n=2) [50, 51], Palestine (n=2) [52, 53], Qatar (n= 2) [54, 55], Saudi Arabia (n= 14) [56-69], Syria (n= 4) [70-73], Turkey (n=11) [74-84], UAE (n= 8) [85-92], and Yemen (n= 2) [93, 94]. No relevant published studies were found in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Oman or Tunisia. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants between the ages of 12 months and 20 years. All the studies included both sexes, except four studies from Saudi Arabia where only males were included [59, 60, 62, 64]. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional studies (74 studies, 96.1%) but two longitudinal studies [76, 84] and one case-control study [40] were included. Approximately one-quarter of the studies (21/77) were published from 2000-2009, and the remaining 56 articles were published from 2010-2019. The majority of the included studies used the WHO indices (dmft, dmfs, DMFT, DMFS and their variations) as the scoring system. Other dental caries scoring systems, such as the American Association Paediatric Dentistry (AAPD), the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD), the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICADS), were also used for the assessment of ECC and dental caries. Tables 2-5 show statistically significant determinants/risk factors contributing to dental caries derived from 76 studies. One article from Yemen, which assessed 90 children aged 5-15 years, found a dental caries prevalence of 40.7% and 75.0% in girls and boys, respectively. Since no significant associations with BMI, the investigated determinant, were found, the study is not presented in the tables [94]. Potential determinants that were investigated in the 76 studies that were found to be non-statistically significant by the authors of each of the articles were also not included in the tables. Moreover, for each study, the significant determinants/risk factors that had the highest level of statistical analysis are reported in the tables, i.e., if the author/s conducted either a univariate or bivariate analysis as the highest level of analysis, determinants that were found statistically significant for that analysis are reported in the tables. Finally, if the authors conducted a multivariate analysis as the highest level of analysis, only determinants that were found statistically significant in these analyses are reported in the tables, i.e., if determinants were statistically significant in uni- or bivariate analyses did not remain significant in a multivariate analysis, they are not included in the tables. 3.1 Determinants related to child characteristics Table 2 describes the statistically significant determinants contributing to dental caries that were related to children’s sex, age and weight status. Increased age was associated with a higher risk of caries in 18 studies across eight countries (Table 2). Nine studies reported a higher risk of dental caries in males [18-21, 27, 35, 36, 47, 85], while females were reported to have a higher caries risk in six studies [26, 30, 31, 50, 55, 65]. Weight status was significantly associated with caries in nine studies, of which four studies reported positive associations between high BMI/overweight and caries [25, 30, 55, 56] and two studies reported an inverse association between BMI and dental caries [47, 59]. Two studies showed a positive association between low BMI/weight and caries [68, 79], and one study reported that normal weight children had a lower caries prevalence than either over- or underweight children [64]. 3.2 Determinants related to family background characteristics Table 3 describes the statistically significant determinants related to family background, such as socioeconomic, sociodemographic, geographical location, school type (private or public), and parents’ education level, as potential risk factors contributing to dental caries. A total of 17 studies found negative associations with maternal education (13 studies), paternal education (2 studies), or education of both parents combined (2 studies) (Table 3). Parents’ employment status was found to be either positively or negatively associated with caries in seven studies [21, 22, 32, 37, 38, 62, 80]. Although there was no coherent measurement of socioeconomic status between the reviewed studies, overall socioeconomic status (SES), income, affluence or access to dental insurance were found to have a negative association with dental caries in seven studies, whereas Bener et al. found a positive association between household income and dental caries in Qatar [55]. In addition, significant associations were found between family size, order and numbers of siblings, rural or urban residency, nationality and school type in various studies (Table 3). 3.3 Determinants related to oral hygiene In the reviewed studies, oral hygiene and oral practices were measured directly using plaque or oral hygiene indices or indirectly using self-reports by parents/guardians or participants. Table 4 illustrates statistically significant oral hygiene-related determinants contributing to dental caries. In 11 studies, an association between the frequency of tooth brushing and dental experience was found with reduced dental caries prevalence among those who frequently brushed their teeth and vice versa. Some studies reported an association between parental-related factors such as supervision of tooth brushing (mainly in primary dentition), parental knowledge about oral hygiene, or parental caries status and the caries experience in their children (Table 4). 3.4 Determinants related to infant feeding and eating habits Table 5 presents the statistically significant determinants/risk factors related to infant feeding and eating habits contributing to dental caries. Infant feeding practices such as breastfeeding, bottle feeding and mixed feeding were all positively associated with dental caries in different studies. Furthermore, four studies found a positive association between night feeding and caries [18, 19, 34, 83]. Other factors, such as bottle feeding on demand, sleeping with the bottle, sleeping next to the mother, using a (sweetened) dummy, or sharing a spoon with the mother, were also positively associated with caries (Table 5). The consumption of sweet beverages such as soft drinks (3 studies), fruit juices (3 studies), fruit squashes (3 studies), tea with sugar (2 studies), flavoured milk (1 study) and sweet beverages in general (2 studies) was positively associated with caries (Table 5). Sugar-containing foods such as cakes, muffins, chocolates, sweets and similar foods were also positively associated with caries in six studies [20, 43, 67, 72, 88, 89]. Higher frequency and/or sweet food snacking/eating was positively associated with caries in six studies [49, 60, 86, 87, 91, 92], whereas one Lebanese study found that drinking milk as a snack was inversely associated with caries [49]. Other factors, such as cod liver intake, frequent consumption of nutritious food and no fruit consumption, were found to be negatively associated with caries, whereas sweet taste perception, low intake of nutrient-dense food and low dairy product consumption were positively associated with dental caries (Table 5). 5. Discussion The purpose of this review study was to identify, gather, assess and summarize evidence from scientific studies to address sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries among children residing in the MENA region. A structured approach was used to identify 77 relevant studies from 14 countries (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, and Yemen), whereas no relevant studies were found from Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Oman and Tunisia, highlighting a knowledge gap about children’s dental status in these specific countries. This study showed a high caries prevalence in many studies regardless of age group or publication date, indicating a worsening dental health status in the MENA region compared to previous reports [ 95 ]. The most commonly reported socioeconomic/demographic and behavioural determinants of dental caries in children reported in this review included low parental education level, low household income, frequent consumption of sugars and/or poor dietary habits and poor oral habits, including tooth brushing, dental visits and parental engagement or knowledge on oral hygiene. Over half of the reviewed articles originated from Iran (18 studies) [ 22 – 39 ], Saudi Arabia (14 studies) [ 56 – 69 ], Turkey (11 studies) [ 74 – 84 ], and the UAE (8 studies) [ 85 – 92 ], with the vast majority being cross-sectional, presenting a snap shot of the regional prevalence of dental caries rather than the development over time. However, based on the available literature from Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, some dental caries patterns and/or trends could be observed. In 2004 and 2006, the dental caries prevalence among Iranian children below the age of 6 years was reported to be 17.2% and 3–26%, respectively [ 23 , 33 ]. In 2011, Amanlou et al. reported a prevalence of 49.3%, whereas studies published in 2017 or later showed a prevalence of 69.9% and 87%, respectively, indicating a clear trend towards an increased prevalence of dental caries among young children in Iran over the past 15 years [ 22 , 29 , 37 ]. Similar to a previous review study, an increased prevalence of caries has been shown over the past few decades in Saudi Arabia [ 96 ]. In this investigation, the four studies published in 2008–2018 reported the dental caries prevalence to be 49%-91.3% in different locations of Saudi Arabia [ 61 , 62 , 64 , 67 ]. Likewise, in Turkey, high prevalence was also observed among children below the age of 6 years, where five out of the six studies published in 2003–2011 showed that at least three-quarters of the children had dental caries [ 76 , 79 – 82 ]. Similar to the findings in Saudi Arabia and Turkey, studies from many other MENA countries also reported a high prevalence of dental caries, indicating a concerning development regarding dental status in the region. Sheiham and Williams reported an increased prevalence of dental caries in many African and Middle Eastern countries, supporting these findings [ 97 ]. Increased age was identified as an independent risk factor for dental caries in several studies, probably reflecting the cumulative effect of the disease, which is on par with the literature [ 14 , 98 ]. Although females may be expected to exhibit a higher caries rate due to earlier tooth eruption and thus longer exposure to cariogenic processes, variations in the associations between sex and dental caries were found in this study. Female sex was associated with a higher risk in six studies, whereas males were at a higher risk in eight of the studies. Others have attributed sex variations to differences in dietary and oral hygiene behaviours or utilization of oral health care [ 99 , 100 ]. The role of parental variables that are directly associated with children's oral health, including sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviours, access to health services and other attributes, is evident in this study. In a recent study, this was validated through a conceptual model [ 101 ]. SES is generally measured by indicators of human capital, such as income, education, urban/rural living, and occupational nature, which offer advantages or disadvantages to individuals and families. In line with findings from other regions and despite the differences in measuring SES in the reviewed articles, socioeconomic factors were shown to have a significant impact on dental caries [ 14 ]. It was primarily mothers’ level of education, but also other factors, such as parental occupation, unemployment, low-skilled occupation, low income, overall SES and school type, that were identified as determinants of caries (Table 2 ). Most dietary determinants for caries were related to sugar intake: consumption, amount, frequency or timing of sweet beverages, snacks and/or food. The current findings in establishing sugar intake and SES factors as key determinants of dental caries in the region are consistent with those of studies in several other countries that have demonstrated socioeconomic gradients in sugar consumption and may prompt dietary recommendations in limiting added sugar intake and targeting SES disadvantaged groups in the region [ 102 – 104 ]. Moreover, other determinants were identified, such as a lack of an overall healthy diet or intake of certain nutritious foods, which again emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy eating habits and the need for dietary guidelines. Regarding infant feeding practices, the findings in this study were inconclusive, indicating that both bottle feeding and breastfeeding were associated with higher caries prevalence in different studies [ 21 , 44 , 55 , 60 ]. These findings are in contrast with those in a systematic review and meta-analysis that concluded that breastfeeding seems to be protective against dental caries when compared to bottle feeding [ 105 ]. Tooth brushing as a determinant for caries was a distinct finding in this study; a reduced dental caries experience could be found among those who frequently brush their teeth and vice versa, and this was more apparent in the young age groups with primary dentition [ 20 , 22 , 37 , 40 , 55 , 60 , 66 , 81 , 89 , 91 ]. Additional determinants related to tooth brushing included age of brushing initiation, frequency, adult supervision and the presence of visible plaque. These factors are all interrelated factors that could potentially also be linked to SES [ 106 , 107 ]. In this review, the associations between determinants and dental caries were mainly projected from cross-sectional studies. These methodological choices, i.e., the study design (cross-sectional), sampling procedures (e.g., non–population based, convenience sampling), assessment setting and/or outcome measures may be an expected consequence of the relatively immature research infrastructure, limited resources in some of the MENA countries or may be related to social or political turmoil that some countries have experienced [ 41 , 108 ]. Although cross-sectional studies may be a feasible option in such circumstances, they only provide a snapshot of risk factors that are associated with the outcome, but causal pathways cannot be determined since the exposure and outcome are measured simultaneously [ 109 ]. On the other hand, case-control and longitudinal studies offer greater scientific evidence through better control of possible methodological biases and data analysis, and over time, these types of studies will be needed to further develop and strengthen the research landscape [ 108 ]. The aforementioned imbalance in research output between countries hinders the establishment of a comprehensive dental caries profile of the MENA region. This imposes the need to increase dental caries research output in some countries and to devote more rigorous, unique (not repetitive), up-to-date and representative research from others. These steps can strengthen the ability to comprehensively assess trends and determinants of dental caries in the region, allow for cross-country comparisons and identify regional variations in the future. The strengths of this study include the systematic approach employed in assessing 600 articles published during a period of 20 years focusing on children and young adults. Furthermore, this study focused mainly on modifiable determinants in a region with a young population, which can guide informed dental public health actions and thereby decrease health inequities. The results in this study were reported without assessing the strength/power of either the study design, sampling procedures or the statistical analysis of the included articles, which can be seen as a limitation. Furthermore, the methodological heterogeneity (study design, age group, exposure, outcome measurements, covariates, statistical analyses) among the studies included in this article may have influenced the interpretation of the results; hence, these findings need to be confirmed or rejected by future studies. However, addressing the broad sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries offers an outlook of the determinants in a relatively understudied region. 6. Conclusions To conclude, dental caries prevalence was found to be high among children and young adults residing in many countries in the MENA region during the past 20 years. Despite heterogeneity in the study designs and assessment methods of dental caries, the main determinants of dental caries were found to include age, sex, mother’s education, overall socioeconomic status, tooth brushing frequency, parents’ oral habits/knowledge and sugar consumption. The high dental caries prevalence imposes the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes. Moreover, a special emphasis on standardizing regional oral health research would further enhance the knowledge and understanding of a major public health problem in the region. Abbreviations AAPD: American Association Paediatric Dentistry, ASTDD: Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors, BASCD: British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, dmft/DMFT: decayed, missing, and filled (primary/permanent) teeth scores, EMRO: Eastern Mediterranean Region, ICADS: International Caries Detection and Assessment System, MDGs: Millennium Development Goals, MENA: Middle East and North Africa, SES: socioeconomic status, SDG: Sustainable Development Goals, WHO: World Health Organization Declarations Ethical approvals and consent to participate Not applicable Funding This research project (titled NOPLAS: Nutrition, Oral Health, Physical Development, Lifestyle, Anthropometric and Socioeconomic Status of Preschool Children in Abu Dhabi) received funding from the Research Incentive Fund (R16055) at Zayed University, UAE. The funding source had no impact on the execution of the study, neither the interpretation of the results nor the writing of the manuscript. Competing interest The authors of this article declare that they have no competing interests. Availability of data and materials The dataset generated and analysed for the current study is not publicly available, but data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Consent for publication Not applicable Authors’ contribution AE and MG contributed to the design of the study, data collection, screening, data analysis, interpretations of results and writing of the manuscript. AM contributed to the screening and writing of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement We would like to thank the Research Incentive Fund at Zayed University for financial support. 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Search terms and examples of search strategies using PubMed, Medline and Google scholar Search category Search words Children Children Dental caries Caries Determinants Behaviours, Determinants, Dietary causes, Dietary habits, Education, Factors, Income, Socio, Social determinants Geographic Context # Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Yemen, Middle East, North Africa Examples of search strategies · Determinants AND caries AND children AND Middle East · Factors AND caries AND children AND North Africa · Behaviours AND caries AND children AND Algeria · Socio AND caries AND children AND Bahrain · Dietary causes AND caries AND children AND Egypt. · Dietary habits AND caries AND children AND Iran · Education AND caries AND children AND Iraq · Income AND caries AND children and Jordan · Social determinants AND caries AND children AND Kuwait # Countries being part of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) according to the World Atlas categorization, 2018. Table 2 Statistically significant determinants related to children’s sex, age and weight status contributing to dental caries Determinants Association: Positive (+), negative (-) Author Study design Country Type of dentition N Age group (Gender) Study setting Scoring system Type/s of statistical analysis Dental caries/ scoring results Gender Male (primary dentition) + Abbass et al. 2019 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary Mixed Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Male + Kabil & Eltawil, 2016 (2) (CS) Egypt Primary 140 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO AAPD-ECC Logistic regression DMFT=9.96 Male + Kabil & Eltawil, 2017 (3) (CS) Egypt Primary 108 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO Logistic regression ECCP=57% (2-3 y) ECCP=73% (3-4 y) Male + Abu Hamila, 2013 (4) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft=2.1-7.6 Male + Bayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (5) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 18946 3,6,9,12 y (M, F) Community health centres WHO (dmft, DMFT) T-test Z-test dmft= 1.9 (3y) dmft=5.0 (6y) dmft=3.6 (9y) dmft=0.6 (12y) DMFT=0.2 (6y) DMFT=0.9 (9y) DMFT=1.9 (12y) Male + Sadeghi et al. 2011 (6) (CS) Iran Permanent 747 12-15 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) T-test, Chi-Square Caries free=16.1% DMFT=2.83 (SD 2.2) Male + Saied-Moallemi et al. 2006 (7) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 459 9 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) One-way ANOVA, Kruskal- Wallis, Mann- Whitney dmft=4.2 (M) dmft=3.4 (F) DMFT=0.4 Male + Goodson et al. 2013 (8) (CS) Kuwait Primary Mixed Permanent 8,319 Mean age=11.36 y (grade 4 & 5) (M, F) School Percentage of decayed or filled teeth a Multivariate rank-based Wilcoxon regression Decayed or filled teeth (all body weights) =11.01% (SEM 0.11) Decayed or filled teeth (males)= 11.76 % (SEM 0.19) Decayed or filled teeth (females)= 10.53% (SEM 0.14) Male + Hashim et al. 2006 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5,6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, dmfs) Chi-Square, ZINB regression DCP=76.1% dmft=4.4 dmfs=10.2 Female + Bashirian et al. 2018 (10) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 988 7-12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multiple regression DCP=80.36% dmft=3.61 DMFT=0.79 Female + Khani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (11) (CS) Iran Primary 756 4-7 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis dmft median (25th-75th percentile): All=4(2-8) Males= 4(2-9) Females=5(2-8) Female + Jahani et al. 2013 (12) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 845 9 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Ordinal logistic regression Moderate to high DCP b =50% of the children Female + Farsi &Elkhodary 2017 (13) (CS) KSA Permanent 801 Mean age=16.5 y (Grade 11) (M, F) School ASTDD (DT) Mann- Whitney DT boys=3.9 (SD 3.5) DT girls=4.9 (SD 3.7) Female + Huew et al. 2011 (14) (CS) Libya Permanent 791 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT, DMFS) Multivariate analysis DCP=57.8% DMFT=1.78 DMFS=2.39 Female + Bener et al. 2013 (15) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 Gender Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (16) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Age Age + Abbass et al. 2019 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y, (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Age + Abu Hamila, 2013 (4) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft=2.1-7.6 Age + Bashirian et al. 2018 (10) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 988 7-12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multiple regression DCP=80.36% dmft=3.61 DMFT=0.79 Age + Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (17) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y, (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Age + Khani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (11) (CS) Iran Primary 756 4-7 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis Median (25th-75th percentile) dmft: All=4 (2-8) Boys=4 (2-9) Girls=5 (2-8) Age + Eslamipour et al. 2010 (18) (CS) Iran Permanent 748 11-20 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Chi-Square, Binary logistic regression DCP=88.8% DMFT (11-14 y) =4.94 (SD 3.59) DMFT (11-14 y) =3.02 (SD 2.51) DMFT=5.00 (SD 3.37) (14-17 y) DMFT (17-20 y) =6.66 (SD 3.82) Age + Mohebbi et al. 2006 (19) (CS) Iran Primary 504 12-36 mo (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Logistic regression ECCP: 12-15 mo=3% 16-19 mo=9% 20-25 mo=14% 26-36 mo=33% dmft= <0.1 (12-15 mo) dmft=0.2 (16-19 mo) dmft=0.4(20-25 mo) dmft=1.2(26-36 mo) Age + Askarizadeh & Siyonat, 2004 (20) (CS) Iran Primary 620 2-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Chi-Square DCP=17.2% dmft=8.5 (M) dmft=7.8 (F) Age + Sayegh et al. 2002 c (21) (CS) Sayegh et al. 2005 c (22) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Age + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (23) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% ECCP=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Age + Wyne et al. 2001 (24) (CS) KSA Primary 1016 2-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Logistic regression DCP=27.3% dmft=8.6 Age + Al-Mutawa el al. 2006 (25) (CS) Kuwait Primary Permanent 4588 5,6,12,14 y (M, F) School WHO (dft, DMFT, DFS) Multivariate analysis dft=4.6 (5-6 y) DMFT=0.4(6 y) DMFT=2.6 (12y) DMFT=3.9 (14 y) DFS=0.4 (6y) DFS=3.4 (12 y) DFS=5.2 (14 y) Age + Qadri et al. 2012 (26) (CS) Syria Primary 400 3-5 y (M, F) School ECC WHO (dmft, dmfs) Logistic regression ECCP=48% DCP=70% dmft=4.25 (SD 4.24) Age + İnan-Eroğlu et al. 2017 (27) (CS) Turkey Primary 395 36-71 mo, (M, F) School WHO (dmft, dmfs) Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis dmft =4.7 dmfs= 8.0 Age + Dogan et al. 2013 (28) (CS) Turkey Primary 3171 8-60 mo (M, F) Clinic WHO (dft) Chi-Square ECCP=17.3% dft=0.63 (1.79) Age + Namal et al. 2005 (29) (CS) Turkey Primary 598 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dft) Multiple logistic regression dft=74.1% Age + Olmez et al. 2003 (30) (CS) Turkey Primary 95 9-57 mo (M, F) Clinic WHO (dft) Chi-Square, Kruskal- Wallis DCP=75.5% dft=6.2 Age + Bener et al. 2013 (15) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 Age Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (16) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Age + Hashim et al. 2006 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5,6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, dmfs) Chi-Square, ZINB regression DCP=76.1% dmft=4.4 dmfs=10.2 Weight status Over weight + Jahani et al. 2013 (12) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 845 9 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft/DMFT) Ordinal logistic regression Moderate to high DCP 1 =50% of the children BMI + Bagherian & Sadeghi, 2013 (31) (CS) Iran Primary 400 30-70 m (M, F) Not specified WHO (defs) Multiple logistic regression ECCP=55.2% S-ECCP=51.2% defs=8.37 (SD 11.2) BMI + Abu El Qomsan et al. 2017 (32) (CS) KSA Permanent 386 6-12 y (M, F) School and Clinic WHO (DMFT, DT, FT) One-way ANOVA, Spearman’s DT: Underweight=3.06 (SD 1.48) Normal weight=2.90 (SD 2.34) Over weight=3.69 (SD 2.39) Obese=4.00 (SD 2.57) FT: Underweight=0.25 (SD 0.68) Normal weight=0.34 (SD 0.95) Over weight=0.39 (SD 0.70) Obese=0.68 (SD 1.18) BMI - Alghamdi & Almahdy, 2017 (33) (CS) KSA Permanent 610 14-16 y (M) School Not specified DMFT Logistic regression DCP=54.1% Low BMI + Quadri et al. 2017 (34) (CS) KSA Primary Permanent 360 6-15 y (M, F) School WHO (dft/DMFT) Logistic regression dft/DMFT= 2.52 (F), 1.88 (M) BMI - Goodson et al. 2013 (8) (CS) Kuwait Primary Mixed Permanent 8,319 Mean age=11.36 y (grade 4 & 5) (M, F) School Percentage of decayed or filled teeth 1 Multivariate rank-based Wilcoxon regression Decayed or filled teeth (all body weights) =11.01% (SEM 0.11) Decayed or filled teeth (males )=11.76 % (SEM 0.19) Decayed or filled teeth (females)= 10.53% (SEM 0.14) Under weight + Köksal et al. 2011 (35) (CS) Turkey Primary Permanent 245 5-6 y (M. F) Unclear WHO (dmft, DMFT, dmfs) Chi-Square, Mann- Whitney, Spearman’s DCP=85.9% dmft=5.3 (SD 3.78) DMFT=0.27(SD 0.74) dmfs=10.5(SD 9.67) DMFS=0.33(SD 0.95) Weight status Varied d Bhayat et al. 2016 (36) (CS) KSA Permanent 402 12 y (M) School WHO (DMFT) Linear regression DCP=49% DMFT=1.46 (SD 2.04) BMI + Bener et al. 2013 (15) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 AAPD American Association Paediatric Dentistry, BASCD British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, CS Cross-sectional, CC Case control, DCP Dental caries prevalence, deft decayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, dfs decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, dft decayed, filled primary teeth, dmfs decayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth; DMFS decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, dmft decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, DMFT decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, ECC Early childhood caries, ECCP Early childhood caries prevalence, F Female, ICADS The international caries Detection and Assessment System, L Longitudinal, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, m months M Male, WHO World Health Organisation, SiC Significant caries index, SD Standard deviation, y years a The author calculated this as follows the decayed or filled teeth (%)=100 x [(number of primary teeth with fillings) +(number of permanent teeth with fillings) +(number of decayed primary teeth)+(number decayed permanent teeth)]/[(number of primary teeth)+(number of permanent teeth)]. b The children were categorized into three groups on the basis of WHO caries severity classification. Low caries level was defined as dmft/DMFT≤2.6, moderate caries as dmft/DMFT of 2.7-4.4 and high caries as dmft/DMFT>4.4. c Sayegh et al. 2002 and Sayegh et al. 2005 seem to be based on the same study population and the results mentioned in this table, have been reported in both articles. d Normal weight status-positive association to caries, whereas the caries prevalence was lower in under and overweight children Table 3 Statistically significant socio-economic, socio-demographic, school type and geographical-related determinants contributing to dental caries Determinants Association: Positive (+), Negative (-) Author Study design Country Type of dentition N Age group (Gender) Study setting Scoring system Type/s of statistical analysis Dental caries/ scoring results Mother’s attributes Mother’s education - Abu Hamila, 2013 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft=2.1-7.6 Mother’s education - Bashirian et al. 2018 (2) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 988 7-12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) ANOVA DCP=80.36% dmft=3.61 DMFT=0.79 Mother’s education - Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (3) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Mother’s education - Haghdoost et al. 2017 (4) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 8725 6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO Linear regression, Logistic regression DCP=87% Mother’s education - Khani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (5) (CS) Iran Primary 756 4-7 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis dmft median (25th-75th percentile): All=4(2-8) Males= 4(2-9) Females=5(2-8) Mother’s education (low levels) + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (6) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft 4.20 (SD 2.96) Mother’s education - Al-Meedani, 2016 (7) (CS) KSA Primary 388 3-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, dmfs) Chi-Square Z-test DCP=69% dmft=3.4 dmfs=6.9 Mother’s education - Quadri et al. 2015 (8) (CS) KSA Primary Permanent 853 6-15 y (M, F) School WHO (dft, DMFT) Multi regression DCP=91.3% Mother’s education - Al-Malik et al. 2002 (9) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD (dmft, dmfs) Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% Rampant caries=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Mother’s education (number of filled teeth in the child) + Azizi et al. 2014 (10) (CS) Palestine Primary 1376 4-6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Not indicated DCP=76% dmft =2.46 Mother’s education - Ozer et al. 2011 (11) (CS) Turkey Primary 226 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) AAPD Bivariate analysis ECCP=46.9% dmft=2.87 Mother’s education - Namal et al. 2009 (12) (CS) Turkey Primary 542 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multiple logistic regression DCP=76.8% dmft=3.74 (3.49) SiC=7.75 (2.56) Mother’s education - Elamin et al. 2018 (13) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, Pearson-s DCP: 41% dmft:1.7±2.81 Mother’s occupation (Employed) + Abu Hamila, 2013 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft=2.1-7.6 Mother’s occupation (Not employed) + Amin & Al-Abad, 2008 (14) (CS) KSA Permanent 1115 10-14 y (M) School WHO Stepwise logistic regression DCP=68.9% Mother’s caries experience + Kabil & Eltawil, 2016 (15) (CS) Egypt Primary 140 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) AAPD Logistic regression DMFT=9.96 Mother’s current caries experience + Kabil & Eltawil, 2017 (16) (CS) Egypt Primary 108 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO Logistic regression ECCP=57% (2-3yrs), 73% (3-4yrs) Father’s attributes Father’s education (CAST score of ≥3 in primary molar teeth) - Babaei et al. 2019 (17) (CS) Iran Primary & Permanent molar teeth 739 6-7 y (M, F) School CAST index a Multivariate logistic regression Permanent molars: Healthy status in 89.3–93.7% of the teeth. Primary molars: Morbidity status in 25.3 to 31.2% of the teeth Serious morbidity status with Pulp involvement in 2.9 -10.5% of the teeth and abscess/fistula in < 1% of the teeth Father’s Education - Bayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (18) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 18946 3,6,9,12 y (M, F) Community health centres WHO (dmft, DMFT) T-test, Z test dmft= 1.9 (3y) dmft=5.0 (6y) dmft=3.6 (9y) dmft=0.6 (12y) DMFT=0.2 (6y) DMFT=0.9 (9y) DMFT=1.9 (12y) Father’s Education - Huew et al. 2011 (19) (CS) Libya Permanent 791 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT, DMFS) Multivariate analysis DCP=57.8% DMFT=1.78 DMFS=2.39 Father’s Education Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (20) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Father’s Occupation + Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (3) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Father’s occupation (Low educational occupations) + Namal et al. 2005 (21) (CS) Turkey Primary 598 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dft) Multiple logistic regression DCP=74.1% Father’s occupation (Self-employment) + Amanlou et al. 2011 (22) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 205 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) b Stepwise multiple regression DCP=49.3% DMFT=0.99 (SD 0.13) Parents attributes Parents’ education (primary dentition) - Abbass et al. 2019 (23) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Parents’ education level - Sistani et al, 2017 (24) (CS) c Iran Primary 2080 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, ANOVA ECCP varied between 51.1%-71.9% during 2007-2015 dmft=4.01 (SD 3.89) Socio-economic factors d + Ahmed et al. 2007 (25) (CS) Iraq Permanent 392 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) ANOVA DCP=62% DMFT=1.7 Parents’ Education - Al-Mendalawi & Karam, 2014 (26) (CC) Iraq Primary 684 <6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) e Chi-Square DMFT=2.03 Parents Education - Rajab et al. 2014 (27) (CS) Jordan Primary Permanent 2496 (6 y) 2560 (12 y) 6 y, 12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multivariate analysis linear regression DCP=76.4% (6 y) DCP=45.5% (12 y) dmft=3.3 (6 y) DMFT=1.1 (12 y) Parents’ employment status - Sistani et al, 2017 (24) (CS) c Iran Primary 2080 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, ANOVA ECCP varied between 51.1%-71.9% during 2007-2015 dmft=4.01 (SD 3.89) Parents’ employment status - Khodadadi et al. 2016 (28) (CS) Iran Primary 384 21-84 mo (M, F) Not specified WHO (dmft) Multiple linear regression dmft=8.2 Socio-economic status f - Abbass et al. 2019 (23) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Family affluent scale - Khani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (5) (CS) Iran Primary 756 4-7 y (M, F) School WHO Multivariate analysis dmft median (25th-75th percentile): All=4(2-8) Boys=4(2-9) Girls= 5(2-8) Income - Al-Mendalawi & Karam, 2014 (26) (CC) Iraq Primary 684 <6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) e Chi-Square DMFT=2.03 Low family income + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (6) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft 4.20 (SD 2.96) Lack of dental insurance- + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (6) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft 4.20 (SD ±2.96) Socio-Economic Status 8 - Alghamdi & Almahdy, 2017 (29) (CS) KSA Permanent 610 14-16 y (M) School Not specified (DMFT) Logistic regression DCP=54.1% Socio-Economic Status h - Rajab et al. 2014 (27) (CS) Jordan Primary Permanent 2496 (6 y) 2560 (12 y) 6 y, 12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multivariate analysis linear regression DCP=76.4% (6 y) DCP=45.5% (12 y) dmft=3.3 (6 y) DMFT=1.1 (12 y) Household income + Bener et al. 2013 (30) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 House Hold Income - Hashim et al. 2011 (31) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO Logistic regression Severe ECCP=31.1% Family demographic Sibling order Varied i Abu Hamila, 2013 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft=2.1-7.6 Number of Siblings + Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (3) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Large family size + Al-Meedani, 2016 (7) (CS) Iraq Primary 684 0-6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, dmfs) Chi-Square, Z-test DCP=69% dmft=3.4 dmfs=6.9 Large family size + Amin & Al-Abed, 2008 (14) (CS) KSA Permanent 1115 10-14 y (M) School WHO Stepwise logistic regression DCP=68.9% Nationality (Emirati) + Elamin et al. 2018 (13) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-tests, Pearson’s DCP=41% dmft=1.7 (SD 2.81) Geographical Location Varied j Al Mutawa et al. 2010 (32) (CS) Kuwait Primary 1277 4 &5 y (M, F) School WHO T-test Chi Square dft/dfs=3.7/6.9 (4 y) dft/dfs=4.8/9.6 (5 y) Geographical Location Varied k Ballouk & Dashash 2019 (33) (CS) Syria Primary Permanent 1500 8-12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT, dmft) ANOVA Chi-Square DCP=79.1% dmft=2.47 (SD 2.94) DMFT=2.03 (SD 1.81) Rural living + Al-Mendalawi & Karam, 2014 (26) (CC) Iraq Primary 684 <6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) e Chi-Square DMFT=2.03 Rural living + Elamin et al. 2018 (13) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, -Pearson’s DCP=41% Dmft=1.7 (SD 2.81) Urban living + Bayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (18) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 18946 3,6,9,12 y (M, F) Community health centres WHO T-test Z-test dmft= 1.9 (3y) dmft=5.0 (6y) dmft=3.6 (9y) dmft=0.6 (12y) DMFT=0.2 (6y) DMFT=0.9 (9y) DMFT=1.9 (12y) Semi-urban living + Al Darwish et al. 2014 (34) (CS) Qatar Permanent 2113 12-14 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multinomial logistic regression, Adjusted Odds Ratio DCP=85% DMFT (12 y) =4.62 (SD 3.2) DMFT (13 y) =4.79 (SD 3.5) DMFT (14 y) =5.51 (SD 3.7) School type Public Schools + Farsi & Elkhodary 2017 (35) (CS) KSA Permanent 801 Mean age=16.5 y (Grade 11) (M, F) School ASTDD (DT) Mann- Whitney DT boys=3.9 (SD 3.5) DT girls=4.9 (SD 3.7) Public Schools + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (9) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD (dmft, dmfs) Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% Rampant caries=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Private schools - Sgan-Cohen et al. 2015 (36) (CS) Palestine Permanent 286 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DMFT =1.98 Public schools + Cinar & Murtomaa, 2011 (37) (CS) Turkey Permanent 611 10-12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFS) T-test Chi-Square Logistic regression DMFS=4.44 (public school) DMFS=2.64 (private school) Public schools + Cinar & Murtromaa, 2008 (38) (CS) Turkey l Permanent 611 10-12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) T-test Logistic regression DMFT= 2.93 AAPD American Association Paediatric Dentistry, BASCD British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, CS Cross-sectional, CC Case control, DCP Dental caries prevalence, deft decayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, dfs decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, dft decayed, filled primary teeth, dmfs decayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth; DMFS decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, dmft decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, DMFT decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, ECC Early childhood caries, ECCP Early childhood caries prevalence, F Female, ICADS The international caries Detection and Assessment System, L Longitudinal, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, m months M Male, WHO World Health Organisation, SiC Significant caries index, SD Standard deviation, y years a The CAST index scoring system is as follows: “0: sound”, “1: sealant”, “2: restoration”, “3: enamel lesions”, “4, 5: dentine lesions”, “6: pulp involvement”, “7: abscess/fistula”, “8: tooth loss”. If a situation did not match any codes from 0 to 8, a code 9 was assigned. The codes 0–2, 3, 4–5, 6–7, and 8 were considered as “healthy”, “pre-morbidity”, “morbidity”, “serious morbidity”, and “mortality”, respectively b The authors describe their scoring as WHO (DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 3-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used. c Data was collected during 9 years. In each year data was collected in a new sample. d The mean FT score was significantly higher for children having mothers with higher education, fathers with higher education and for residents of higher socio-economic areas, as compared to their counterparts in the opposite groups. e The authors describe their scoring as WHO(DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 0-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used. f The SES level was based on the level of parental education and its type, guardians’ occupation and address. g SES score based on parental education and suburban location of residence. h SES score based on school type: low SES: deprived areas and refugee camps, medium SES: state schools, high SES: private schools i The sibling order impacts dental caries status: 84.44%, 74,37%, 40.19% and 77.65% of only, eldest, middle and youngest child/ren had dental caries, respectively. j Dental caries prevalence differed between the 6 different regions/governorates in Kuwait but the characteristics of the regions are not described. k Dental caries prevalence differed between different parts/regions in Damascus but the characteristics of the regions are not described l A comparative study with Finland. Table 4 Statistically significant dental related determinants/risk factors contributing to dental caries Determinants Association: Positive (+), Negative (-) Author, year (Study design) Country Type of dentition N Age group (gender)* Study setting Scoring system Type/s of statistical analysis Dental caries/ scoring system Tooth brushing frequency Tooth brushing-frequent (Primary, mixed) - Abbas et al. 2019 (1) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Tooth brushing-frequent - Amanlou et al. 2011 (2) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 205 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) a Stepwise multiple regression DCP=49.3% DMFT=0.99 (SD 0.13) Tooth brushing-frequent - Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (3) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Tooth brushing-frequent - Al-Mendalawi & Karam, 2014 (4) (CC) Iraq Primary 684 <6 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square dmft=2.03 Tooth brushing-frequent - Bener et al. 2013 (5) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 Tooth brushing-frequent - Namal et al. 2009 (6) (CS) Turkey Primary 542 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multiple logistic regression DCP=76.8% dmft=3.74 (SD 3.49) SiC=7.75 (SD 2.56) Tooth brushing-frequent - Tulunoğlu et al. 2007 (7) (L) b Turkey Primary Permanent 733 6-8 y (M, F) School WHO (dfs, DFS) Chi-Square dfs Baseline: GI:2.79, GII:3.12, GIII: 2.9 Dfs Final: GI: 2.14, GII:3.79, GIII: 3.69 DFS Baseline: GI: 0.16, GII: 0.20, GIII: 0.15 DFS Final: GI: 0.79, GII: 0.80 GIII: 1.46 Tooth brushing-frequent - Elamin et al. 2018 (8) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, Pearson’s DCP: 41% dmft:1.7 (SD 2.81) Tooth brushing-frequent - Kowash et al. 2017(9) (CS) UAE Primary 540 4-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=74.1% dmft=3.01 SiC=13.3 Tooth brushing -irregular or no brushing + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (10) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCP: 83% dmft=4.20 (SD 2.96) Tooth brushing -Irregular or no brushing + Paul, 2003 (11) (CS) KSA Primary 103 5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square DCP=83.5% dmft=7.1 (SD 5.7) Tooth brushing initiation age Tooth brushing initiation -late + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (10) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCP: 83% dmft 4.20 (SD 2.96) Tooth brushing initiation -late + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (12) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD Stepwise multiple ogistic regression DCP=73% ECCP=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Tooth brushing with adult help & aid Tooth brushing with adult help - Bashirian et al. 2018 (13) (CS) Iran Primary 988 7-12 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) ANOVA DCP=80.36% dmft=3.61 DMFT=0.79 Tooth brushing with adult help - Al-Malik et al. 2002 (12) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% ECCP =43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Tooth brushing- with use of fluoridated toothpaste - Alghamdi & Almahdy, 2017 (14) (CS) KSA Permanent 610 14-16 y (M) School Not specified Logistic regression DCP=54.1% Oral hygiene and practices attributes Oral hygiene c (CAST score of ≥3 in primary molar teeth) + Babaei et al. 2019 (15) (CS) Iran Primary & Permanent molar teeth 739 6-7 y (M, F) School CAST index d Multivariate logistic regression Permanent molars: Healthy status in 89.3–93.7% of the teeth. Primary molars: Morbidity status in 25.3 to 31.2% of the teeth Serious morbidity status with Pulp involvement in 2.9 -10.5% of the teeth and abscess/fistula in <1% of the teeth Oral Hygiene-dental plaque presence + Mohebbi et al. 2006 (16) (CS) Iran Primary 504 12-36 mo (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Logistic regression ECCP: 12-15 mo=3% 16-19 mo=9% 20-25 mo=14% 26-36 mo=33% dmft= <0.1 (12-15 mo) dmft=0.2 (16-19 mo) dmft=0.4(20-25 mo) dmft=1.2(26-36 mo) Oral hygiene-poor + Al-Mutawa el al. 2006 (17) (CS) Kuwait Primary Permanent 4588 5,6,12,14 y (M, F) School WHO (dft, DMFT, DFS) Multivariate analysis dft=4.6 (5-6 y) DMFT=0.4(6 y) DMFT=2.6 (12y) DMFT=3.9 (14 y) DFS=0.4 (6y) DFS=3.4 (12 y) DFS=5.2 (14 y) Oral hygiene-poor + Amin & Al-Abad, 2008 (18) (CS) KSA Permanent 1115 10-14 y (M) School WHO Stepwise logistic regression DCP=68.9% Oral hygiene-poor + Dashash & Blinkhorn, 2012 (19) (CS) Syria Primary 727 5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multiple logistic regression DCP=61% dmft=3.27(3.71) Oral hygiene-poor + Jaghasi et al. 2012 (20) (CS) Syria Not specified 504 6-12y (M, F) School WHO Logistic regression DCP=85% Oral practices-poor + Kowash et al. 2017 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 540 4-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=74.1% dmft=3.01 SiC=13.3 Not feeling embarrassed when smiling - Ahmed et al. 2007 (21) (CS) Iraq Permanent 392 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) ANOVA DCP=62% DMFT=1.7 Permanent dentition + Al-Mutawa el al. 2006 (17) (CS) Kuwait Primary Permanent 4588 5,6,12,14 y (M, F) School WHO (dft, DMFT, DFS) Multivariate analysis dft=4.6 (5-6 y) DMFT=0.4 (6 y) DMFT=2.6 (12y) DMFT-3.9 (14 y) DFS=0.4 (6 y) DFS=3.4 (12 y) DFS=5.2 (14 y) Dental services visits attributes Dental services -child’s first visit - Kabil & Eltawil, 2017 (22) (CS) Egypt Primary 108 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO Logistic regression ECCP=57% (2-3 y) ECCP=73% (3-4 y) Dental visits-regular - Kabil and Eltawil, 2016 (23) (CS) Egypt Primary 140 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO AAPD-ECC Logistic regression DMFT=9.96 Dental visits-regular - Alhumaid et al. 2018 (24) (CS) KSA Primary Permanent 921 6-12 y (M, F) School Basic screening survey Multivariate analysis DCP=63.5% Dental services - not attending for preventive measures + Dashash & Blinkhorn, 2012 (19) (CS) Syria Primary 727 5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft, DMFT) Multiple logistic regression DCP=61% dmft=3.27 (SD 3.71) Dental visits- for pain complaints/dental problems + Shaghaghian et al. 2018 (3) (CS) Iran Primary 396 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO Multivariate analysis DCP=69.9% dmft=3.88 Dental visits- for pain complaints/dental problems + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (10) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCP: 83% dmft=4.20 (SD 2.96) Dental visits Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (25) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Parental oral health status and knowledge attributes Parental dental caries status + Yazdan et al. 2018 (26) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 258 5-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, DMFT) Pearson’s dmft=6.33 (SD3.80) DMFT=1.48 (SD1.90) Parental knowledge on oral hygiene - Yazdan et al. 2018 (26) (CS) Iran Primary Permanent 258 5-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, DMFT) Pearson’s dmft=6.33 (SD3.80) DMFT=1.48 (SD1.90) Mother’s caries experience + Kabil & Eltawil, 2016 (23) (CS) Egypt Primary 140 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) AAPD Logistic regression DMFT=9.96 Mother’s current caries experience + Kabil & Eltawil, 2017 (22) (CS) Egypt Primary 108 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO Logistic regression ECCP=57% (2-3yrs), 73% (3-4yrs) Parental knowledge on oral hygiene - Kowash et al. 2017 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 540 4-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=74.1% dmft=3.01 SiC=13.3 AAPD American Association Paediatric Dentistry, BASCD British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, CS Cross-sectional, CC Case control, DCP Dental caries prevalence, deft decayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, dfs decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, dft decayed, filled primary teeth, dmfs decayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth; DMFS decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth; dmft decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, DMFT decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, ECC Early childhood caries, ECCP Early childhood caries prevalence, F Female, ICADS The international caries Detection and Assessment System, L Longitudinal, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, m months M Male, WHO World Health Organisation, SiC Significant caries index, SD Standard deviation, y years a The authors describe their scoring as WHO(DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 3-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used. b Based on the baseline assessment the participants were categorized into; Group I having sufficient oral health behaviours, Group II having moderate oral health behaviours and Group III having insufficient oral health behaviours and then the participants were followed for a 2-year period. c Oral hygiene measured by Oral Health index-Simplified (OHI-S) d The CAST index scoring system is as follows: “0: sound”, “1: sealant”, “2: restoration”, “3: enamel lesions”, “4, 5: dentine lesions”, “6: pulp involvement”, “7: abscess/fistula”, “8: tooth loss”. If a situation did not match any codes from 0 to 8, a code 9 was assigned. The codes 0–2, 3, 4–5, 6–7, and 8 were considered as “healthy”, “pre-morbidity”, “morbidity”, “serious morbidity”, and “mortality”, respectively Table 5 Statistically significant nutrition-related determinants contributing to dental caries Determinants Association: Positive (+), Negative (-) Author (Study design) Country Type of dentition N Age group (Gender) Study setting Scoring system Type/s of statistical analysis Dental caries/ scoring results Beverages Soft drinks + Chedid et al. 2011 (1) (CS) Lebanon Primary 99 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DFS score and bite wing radiographs) Pearson’s DCP=74.7% Soft drinks + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP: 83% dmft=4.20 (SD 2.96) Soft drinks + Hashim et al. 2009 a (3) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Fruit juice- before bed + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (4) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5y (M, F) School BASCD Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% Rampant caries=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Fruit juice-frequent consumption + Hashim et al. 2009 a (3) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Citrus juice- frequent consumption (mixed dentition) + Abbass et al. 2019 (5) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Fruit squash- frequent consumption + Huew et al. 2012 (6) (CS) Libya Permanent 791 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate stepwise regression DCP=57.8% DMFT=1.68 DMFS=2.38 Fruit squash- frequent consumption + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (7) Sayegh et al. 2005 b ( 8) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Fruit squash-frequent consumption + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (4) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD Stepwise multiple logistic regression DCP=73% ECCP=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.7 Tea with sugar + Sayegh et al. 2002 (7) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Tea with sugar + Hashim et al. 2009 a (3) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Risk Ratio Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Flavoured milk + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft=4.20 (SD 2.96) Sweetened beverages c + Elamin et al. 2018 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, Pearson’s DCP: 41% dmft=1.7 (SD 2.81) Sweetened beverages c Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (10) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Sweetened beverages c + Ahmed et al. 2007 (11) (CS) Iraq Permanent 392 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) ANOVA DCP=62% DMFT=1.7 Sugar rich food Sugar containing foods d + Quadri et al. 2015 (12) (CS) KSA Primary Permanent 853 6-15 y (M, F) School WHO Multi regression DCP=91.3% Sugar containing foods d + Abbass et al. 2019 (5) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Sugar containing foods d + Jaghasi et al. 2012 (13) (CS) Syria Not specified 504 6-12 y (M, F) School WHO Logistic regression DCP=85% Sugar containing foods d + Hashim et al. 2009 a (3) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Sugar containing foods d - frequent consumption + Elamin et al. 2018 (9) (CS) UAE Primary 186 1.5-4 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) T-test, Pearson’s DCP: 41% dmft=1.7 (SD 2.81) Sugar containing foods d - frequent consumption + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (7) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (8)(CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Snacks and meal frequency Sweet snacks e and beverages + Kowash et al. 2017 (14) (CS) UAE Primary 540 4-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=74.1% dmft=3.01 SiC=13.3 Sweet snacks e and beverages + Kowash, 2015 (15) (CS) UAE Primary 176 1.5-5 y (M, F) Clinic BASCD (dmft, dmfs) Descriptive statistics dmft=10.9 dmfs=32.1 Sweet snacks e and beverages + Hashim et al. 2011 a (16) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (ECC) Logistic regression Severe ECCP=31.1% Sweet snacks e -frequent consumption + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft ) Adjusted odds ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft= 4.20 (SD 2.96) Snacks-frequent consumption + Hashim et al. 2013 a (17) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Snacks + Chedid et al. 2011 (1) (CS) Lebanon Primary 99 2-4 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DFS score and bite wing radiographs) Pearson’s DCP=74.7% Milk-as snack - Chedid et al. 2011 (1) (CS) Lebanon Primary 99 2-4y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DFS score and bite/wing radiographs) Pearson’s DCP=74.7% Main meal consumption Unclear Khadri et al. 2018 (10) (CS) UAE Permanent 803 11-17 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate regression DCP=75% DMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9) Eating frequently (>5times daily) + Hashim et al. 2009 a (3) (CS) UAE Primary 1036 5-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis dmft=4.5 Other eating related factors No fruit consumption- - Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft 4.20 (SD 2.96) Sweet taste perception + Ashi et al. 2017 (18) (CS) KSA f Permanent 225 15-15 y (M, F) School ICDAS, (DMFS) One-way ANOVA LSD DMFS= 2.99 Low dietary score g + Al-Otaibi et al. 2012 (19) (CS) Yemen Not specified 400 12 y (M, F) School WHO (DMFT) Multivariate logistic regression, DCP=90.2% DMFT=2.22 Low nutrient food h -frequent consumption + İnan-Eroğlu et al. 2017 (20) (CS) Turkey Primary 395 36-71 m (M, F) School WHO (dmft, dmfs) Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis dmft =4.7 dmfs= 8.0 Dairy products-low consumption + Jaghasi et al. 2012 (13) (CS) Syria Not specified 504 6-12 y (M, F) School WHO Logistic regression DCP=85% Cod liver intake - Bener et al. 2013 (21) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 Nutritious food i -frequent consumption - Abbass et al. 2019 (5) (CS) Egypt Primary. Mixed, Permanent 369 3-18 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft, deft, DMFT) Kruskal- Wallis, Spearman’s DCP=74% dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07) deft=4.21 (SD 3.21) DMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56) Infant feeding practices Feeding type j + Abu Hamila, 2013 (22) (CS) Egypt Primary 560 1-3.5 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (dmft) Chi-Square ECCP=69.6% dmft range =2.1-7.6 Breastfeeding-Long duration + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (23) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (8) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Breastfeeding -On demand feeding + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (23) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (CS) (8) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Formula feeding + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft= 4.20 (SD 2.96) Formula feeding + Bener et al. 2013 (21) (CS) Qatar Permanent 1284 6-15 y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Multivariate analysis DCP=73% DMFT=4.5 Formula feeding + Qadri et al. 2012 (24) (CS) Syria Primary 400 3-5 y (M, F) School ECC WHO (dmft, dmfs) Logistic regression ECCP=48% DCP=70% dmft=4.25 (SD 4.24) Night feeding -bottle + Mohebbi, 2008 (25) (CS) Iran Primary 504 1-3 y (M, F) Clinic WHO T-test, Chi-Square, ANOVA, Logistic regression DCP=3-26% depending on age Night feeding -bottle + Ozer et al. 2011 (26) (CS) Turkey Primary 226 3-6 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) AAPD (ECC) Bivariate analysis ECCP=46.9% dmft=2.87 Night feeding + Kabil & Eltawil, 2016 (27) (CS) Egypt Primary 140 2-4y (M, F) Clinic WHO (DMFT) Logistic regression DMFT=9.96 Night feeding + Kabil & Eltawil, 2017 (28) (CS) Egypt Primary 108 2-4y (M, F) Clinic WHO (ECC) Logistic regression ECCP=57% (2-3yrs), 73% (3-4yrs) Bottle feeding-on demand + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (23) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (8)(CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Sleep with bottle + Alhabdan et al. 2018 (2) (CS) KSA Primary 578 6-8 y (M) School WHO (dmft) Adjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression DCCP=83% dmft=4.20 (SD 2.96) Sleep next to mother + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (23) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (8) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Dummy use + Sayegh et al. 2002 b (23) Sayegh et al. 2005 b (8) (CS) Jordan Primary 1140 4-5 y (M, F) School WHO (dmft) Multivariate analysis DCP=67% dmft >4 in 31% Dummy-sweetened + Al-Malik et al. 2002 (4) (CS) KSA Primary 987 2-5 y (M, F) School BASCD (dmft, dmfs)) Logistic regression DCP=73% ECCP=43% dmft=4.8 dmfs=12.67 Shared spoons between mother and child k + Cogulu et al. 2008 (29) (L- 24 months) Turkey Primary 92 15-35 m (M, F) Clinic WHO (dft, dfs) Logistic regression Final DCP=45% Final dft=1.0 Final dfs=1.8 AAPD American Association Paediatric Dentistry, BASCD British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, CS Cross-sectional, CC Case control, DCP Dental caries prevalence, deft decayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, dfs decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, dft decayed, filled primary teeth, dmfs decayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth; DMFS decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, dmft decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, DMFT decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, ECC Early childhood caries, ECCP Early childhood caries prevalence, F Female, ICADS The international caries Detection and Assessment System, L Longitudinal, KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, m months M Male, WHO World Health Organisation, SiC Significant caries index, SD Standard deviation, y years a Hashim et al. 2006, Hashim et al. 2009, Hashim et al. 2011 and Hashim et al. 2013 seem to be based on the same study population but reporting different results. b Sayegh et al. 2002 and Sayegh et al. 2005 seem to be based on the same study population and the results mentioned in this table, have been reported in both articles. c Sweetend beverages refer to the consumption of various sweet beverages like soft drinks, fruit squashes, tea with sugar, flavoured milk, etc. d Sugar rich food may include consumption of all/and mix of items like candy, chocolates, dates, ice-cream, cakes, muffins, etc. e Sweet snacks include various food items with high sugar content. f KSA was part of this multinational study which also included Italy and Mexico. Only the results for KSA are presented in this table. g The dietary score was based on a few questions related to the consumption of cariogenic food and eating patterns with yes/no answer options. h Assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED). i Nutritious food refers to a frequent consumption of high nutrient food like fruits, vegetables, beans, milk, eggs etc. j The feeding type had an impact on the caries prevalence as follows: 75.39% of breastfeed children, 70.39% of the formula fed, 68.67% of those who were weaned and 55% of those who got a mix of breast milk and formula had dental caries respectively. k During the baseline sampling mothers reported that they put their child’s spoon into their own mouth while feeding their child. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-154776","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":8930842,"identity":"ac7b758b-20ae-45c5-8c88-5155a7a34161","order_by":0,"name":"Amal Elamin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIie3RLwvCQBjH8d8x0OKf+ljcKxB2CGJQfCsbghaDIIiCYekWbeLLmGX5ZGASrcKV+Q5mUou4WWyHYjHcJz3hvjwPHGAY/4lJoA1YYMnHTZZQnljOlwlQoI+eV1dxIjEjuxGUd/O7gF31rbP2QlIDR2JPPIorg1NNgK9loam/ULmOZIJYFJdaJy7AQqClvdBWw1SyB/XyZOwJ9EIUrzdd4qhRtsUnL0+wFfBCZIMOV6OxdHfUz5JmzT9Qfx2XJtrD6mq4SdJFpxsd9/xym3a6yyDYpNo1Ofc9vv7UMAzD+NUT55hHJF9pAUkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-2049","institution":"Zayed Univeristy","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amal","middleName":"","lastName":"Elamin","suffix":""},{"id":8930843,"identity":"bd917a02-81d7-474a-879b-4cba3c25c9a9","order_by":1,"name":"Malin Garemo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zayed University Department of Natural Science and Public Health","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Malin","middleName":"","lastName":"Garemo","suffix":""},{"id":8930844,"identity":"86df9c1a-b444-4e2c-ae6a-32d7e8daca38","order_by":2,"name":"Anzelle Mulder","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zayed University Department of Natural Science and Public Health","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anzelle","middleName":"","lastName":"Mulder","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-01-25 19:23:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":5386452,"identity":"6aa80dbb-708c-4b79-95ad-e1b25ac6f0f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-01-29 19:10:16","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Flow chart of the literature search","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-154776/v1/b37dd1774753343d2e711f3c.png"},{"id":13653414,"identity":"9c45f86a-fb1f-456f-a318-8bd2a2ebd3ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:53:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":816822,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-154776/v1/53fb26a2-dbb6-4a28-953a-1a27b9836708.pdf"},{"id":5386676,"identity":"10724c5d-c5f8-439a-b040-5bd903bc58f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-01-29 19:16:16","extension":"doc","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PRISMA2009checklistOHEAD2001197.doc","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-154776/v1/a58ae7c7f59d93752bbfb066.doc"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Background","content":" \u003cp\u003eDental caries continues to be one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and a costly burden to healthcare services despite the availability of effective basic prevention measures [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Since the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 and later the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both of which allowed for tracking countries\u0026rsquo; health profiles, the profile of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has undergone notable changes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. In some MENA countries, political stability, economic growth and investments in healthcare systems have led to improvements in various health indicators, whereas some countries have been impacted by political unrest or war; subsequently, the region currently includes low-middle income, upper-middle income and high income countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. These societal changes have also contributed to an increased rate of non-communicable diseases and persistence of some communicable diseases, such as dental caries, due to a marked shift in lifestyle, increased food availability and a notable nutritional transition among citizens [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobally, the profile of dental caries is also heterogeneous across developing and developed countries, with large disparities reported between and within groups [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Principally, it has been claimed that dental caries is decreasing in most industrialized countries due to improvements in prevention programmes and increased access to dental health services, but conflicting results have shown that dental caries is still prevalent among underprivileged groups in many of these countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. In most developing countries, dental caries levels were low until recent years, after which an increase has been observed due to growing consumption of sugars, inadequate exposure to fluorides and less access to oral healthcare services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. In the MENA region, trends in dental caries have shown a rapid increase in the incidence of the disease, with most caries remaining untreated [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Existing data from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) from 20 countries show wide variations in dental caries with decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores (DMFT) among 12-year-olds ranging from 0.4\u0026ndash;4.4 and a higher prevalence and severity of dental caries in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition among 6-year-olds [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, distinctions between dental caries experiences are present, with high rates of untreated caries in developing countries, which reflects the limited resources available and difficulties in accessibility and affordability to essential oral health care services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile determinants that contribute to the initiation and progression of dental caries are complex and multifactorial, understanding their role is crucial for establishing appropriate prevention and management strategies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The determinants can be divided into biological, contextual/environmental, sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Examples of biological determinants include host susceptibility and oral flora, and the contextual/environmental determinants include access to and utilization of dental healthcare services, oral health promotion programmes and fluoridation of water [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, examples of sociobehavioural/cultural determinants regarding dental caries include dental hygiene practices, consumption of sugars, lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and tobacco use [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no recent studies focusing on sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the MENA region. Hence, the aim of the review was to address this gap in the literature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe central questions for this review, which incorporated literature from 2000 to 2019 published from the MENA region were:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) What sociobehavioural and socioeconomic variables have been studied within the context of dental caries prevalence in children, aged 0\u0026ndash;20 years?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) What did the reviewed studies reveal about the influence of sociobehavioural and socioeconomic variables on the risk for dental caries in children?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(3) What recommendations can be made for future research?\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eElectronic searches of databases (PubMed and Medline) and a specialized webpage (scholar.google.com) were used to explore determinants or prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) or\u0026nbsp;dental caries in children and young adults (age 0-20 years) residing in the MENA region. The World Atlas categorization of the MENA region was used, and accordingly, the following countries were included: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE and Yemen. Combinations of the following\u0026nbsp;MeSH terms were used to identify relevant articles:\u0026nbsp;\u0026ldquo;caries\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;children\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;determinants\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;behaviours\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;dietary causes\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;dietary habits\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;education, factors, income, socio, social determinants and\u0026nbsp;geographic context (each of the individual countries, e.g., Egypt, Middle East and North Africa). An example of the search strategy used to search MEDLINE: (\u0026ldquo;determinant\u0026rdquo; [all fields] AND \u0026ldquo;caries\u0026rdquo; [all fields] AND \u0026ldquo;children\u0026rdquo; [all fields] AND \u0026ldquo;country name\u0026rdquo; [all fields]). Table 1 describes the search terms and examples of search strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScreening\u0026nbsp;process\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive literature search was performed and updated until June 2020. One author (AM) undertook the literature search in the specified search databases and a specialized webpage after which the two other authors (AE and MG) removed all the duplicates, identifying 600 articles. The titles and abstracts of the 600\u0026nbsp;articles were read\u0026nbsp;by all authors and screened for relevance. AE and MG applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and when in doubt about the eligibility of an article,\u0026nbsp;both independently read the abstract and, if necessary, the full-text article, after which it was discussed and full consensus was reached.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuplicate references were checked and removed using Endnote bibliographic software [17].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter removal of duplicates, 600 articles were identified through all the search strategies. Thereafter, the initial screening process was conducted to include only articles in English published during January 2000-January 2019 within the MENA region. Following this, the titles, abstracts and, when needed, the articles\u0026rsquo; full text were screened according to their relevance to the scope of this study, the study design, health and medical conditions in the studied population and finally the age group. Articles that were not relevant to sociocultural, sociobehavioural and\u0026nbsp;socioeconomic determinants of dental caries, such as those examining microbiological and genetic predictors of dental caries, were outside the scope of this study\u0026nbsp;and were therefore\u0026nbsp;excluded. Original cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and longitudinal studies were included, whereas reviews, interventional studies, case reports and editorial commentaries\u0026nbsp;were excluded. Furthermore, studies focusing on children/young adults with certain health and medical conditions (cardiovascular disease, autism, diabetes, Down syndrome, etc.) were excluded. The final inclusion criterion that was applied was age, where articles reporting results from children, teenagers and young adults aged 0-20 years\u0026nbsp;were included, whereas findings related to adults were excluded. A few relevant articles where the full-text articles were not accessible were also excluded. This resulted in 77 articles being included for this study,\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;523 articles were excluded as described in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall, 77 articles were included in this review from 14 countries: Egypt (n= 4) [18-21], Iran (n= 18) [22-39], Iraq (n=2) [40, 41], Jordan (n=4) [42-45], Kuwait (n= 3) [46-48], Lebanon (n=1) [49], Libya (n=2) [50, 51], Palestine (n=2) [52, 53], Qatar (n= 2) [54, 55], Saudi Arabia (n= 14) [56-69], Syria (n= 4) [70-73], Turkey (n=11) [74-84], UAE (n= 8) [85-92], and Yemen (n= 2) [93, 94]. No relevant published studies were found in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Oman or Tunisia. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants between the ages of 12 months and 20 years. All the studies included both sexes, except four studies from Saudi Arabia where only males were included [59, 60, 62, 64]. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional studies (74 studies, 96.1%) but two longitudinal studies [76, 84] and one case-control study [40] were included. Approximately one-quarter of the studies (21/77) were published from 2000-2009, and the remaining 56 articles were published from 2010-2019. The majority of the included studies used the WHO indices (dmft, dmfs, DMFT, DMFS and their variations) as the scoring system. Other dental caries scoring systems, such as the\u0026nbsp;American Association Paediatric Dentistry (AAPD), the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD), the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICADS), were also used for the assessment of ECC and dental caries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables 2-5 show statistically significant determinants/risk factors contributing to dental caries derived from 76 studies. One article from Yemen, which assessed 90 children aged 5-15 years, found a dental caries prevalence of 40.7% and 75.0% in girls and boys, respectively. Since no significant associations with BMI, the investigated determinant, were found, the study is not presented in the tables [94]. Potential determinants that were investigated in the 76 studies that were found to be non-statistically significant by the authors of each of the articles were also not included in the tables. Moreover, for each study, the significant determinants/risk factors that had the highest level of statistical analysis are reported in the tables, i.e., if the author/s conducted either a univariate or bivariate analysis as the highest level of analysis, determinants that were found statistically significant for that analysis are reported in the tables. Finally, if the authors conducted a multivariate analysis as the highest level of analysis, only determinants that were found statistically significant in these analyses are reported in the tables, i.e., if determinants were statistically significant in uni- or bivariate analyses did not remain significant in a multivariate analysis, they are not included in the tables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.1 Determinants related to child characteristics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 describes the statistically significant determinants contributing to dental caries that were related to children\u0026rsquo;s sex, age and weight status. Increased age was associated with a higher risk of caries in 18 studies across eight countries (Table 2). Nine studies reported a higher risk of dental caries in males [18-21, 27, 35, 36, 47, 85], while females were reported to have a higher caries risk in six studies [26, 30, 31, 50, 55, 65]. Weight status was significantly associated with caries in nine studies, of which four studies reported positive associations between high BMI/overweight and caries [25, 30, 55, 56] and two studies reported an inverse association between BMI and dental caries [47, 59]. Two studies showed a positive association between low BMI/weight and caries [68, 79], and one study reported that normal weight children had a lower caries prevalence than either over- or underweight children [64].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.2 Determinants related to family background characteristics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 describes the statistically significant determinants related to family background, such as socioeconomic, sociodemographic, geographical location, school type (private or public), and parents\u0026rsquo; education level, as potential risk factors contributing to dental caries. A total of 17 studies found negative associations with maternal education (13 studies), paternal education (2 studies), or education of both parents combined (2 studies) (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; employment status was found to be either positively or negatively associated with caries in seven studies [21, 22, 32, 37, 38, 62, 80]. Although there was no coherent measurement of socioeconomic status between the reviewed studies, overall socioeconomic status (SES), income, affluence or access to dental insurance were found to have a negative association with dental caries in seven studies, whereas Bener et al. found a positive association between household income and dental caries in Qatar [55]. In addition, significant associations were found between family size, order and numbers of siblings, rural or urban residency, nationality and school type in various studies (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.3 Determinants related to oral hygiene\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the reviewed studies, oral hygiene and oral practices were measured directly using plaque or oral hygiene indices or indirectly\u0026nbsp;using self-reports by parents/guardians or participants. Table 4 illustrates statistically significant oral hygiene-related determinants contributing to dental caries. In 11 studies, an association between the frequency of tooth brushing and dental experience was found with reduced dental caries prevalence among those who frequently brushed their teeth and vice versa. Some studies reported an association between parental-related factors such as supervision of tooth brushing (mainly in primary dentition),\u0026nbsp;parental knowledge about oral hygiene, or parental caries status and the caries experience in their children (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.4 Determinants related to infant feeding and eating habits\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 presents the statistically significant determinants/risk factors related to infant feeding and eating habits contributing to dental caries. Infant feeding practices such as breastfeeding, bottle feeding and mixed feeding were all positively associated with dental caries in different studies. Furthermore, four studies found a positive association between night feeding and caries [18, 19, 34, 83]. Other factors, such as bottle feeding on demand, sleeping with the bottle, sleeping next to the mother, using a (sweetened) dummy, or sharing a spoon with the mother, were also positively associated with caries (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe consumption of sweet beverages such as soft drinks (3 studies), fruit juices (3 studies), fruit squashes (3 studies), tea with sugar (2 studies), flavoured milk (1 study) and sweet beverages in general (2 studies) was positively associated with caries (Table 5). Sugar-containing foods such as cakes, muffins, chocolates, sweets and similar foods were also positively associated with caries in six studies [20, 43, 67, 72, 88, 89]. Higher frequency and/or sweet food snacking/eating was positively associated with caries in six studies [49, 60, 86, 87, 91, 92], whereas one Lebanese study found that drinking milk as a snack was inversely associated with caries [49]. Other factors, such as cod liver intake, frequent consumption of nutritious food and no fruit consumption, were found to be negatively associated with caries, whereas sweet taste perception, low intake of nutrient-dense food and low dairy product consumption were positively associated with dental caries (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":" \u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this review study was to identify, gather, assess and summarize evidence from scientific studies to address sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries among children residing in the MENA region. A structured approach was used to identify 77 relevant studies from 14 countries (Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, and Yemen), whereas no relevant studies were found from Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Oman and Tunisia, highlighting a knowledge gap about children\u0026rsquo;s dental status in these specific countries. This study showed a high caries prevalence in many studies regardless of age group or publication date, indicating a worsening dental health status in the MENA region compared to previous reports [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR95\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e95\u003c/span\u003e]. The most commonly reported socioeconomic/demographic and behavioural determinants of dental caries in children reported in this review included low parental education level, low household income, frequent consumption of sugars and/or poor dietary habits and poor oral habits, including tooth brushing, dental visits and parental engagement or knowledge on oral hygiene.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOver half of the reviewed articles originated from Iran (18 studies) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30 CR31 CR32 CR33 CR34 CR35 CR36 CR37 CR38\" citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e], Saudi Arabia (14 studies) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR57 CR58 CR59 CR60 CR61 CR62 CR63 CR64 CR65 CR66 CR67 CR68\" citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e], Turkey (11 studies) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR75 CR76 CR77 CR78 CR79 CR80 CR81 CR82 CR83\" citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR84\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e84\u003c/span\u003e], and the UAE (8 studies) [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR86 CR87 CR88 CR89 CR90 CR91\" citationid=\"CR85\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e85\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR92\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e92\u003c/span\u003e], with the vast majority being cross-sectional, presenting a snap shot of the regional prevalence of dental caries rather than the development over time. However, based on the available literature from Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, some dental caries patterns and/or trends could be observed. In 2004 and 2006, the dental caries prevalence among Iranian children below the age of 6\u0026nbsp;years was reported to be 17.2% and 3\u0026ndash;26%, respectively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2011, Amanlou et al. reported a prevalence of 49.3%, whereas studies published in 2017 or later showed a prevalence of 69.9% and 87%, respectively, indicating a clear trend towards an increased prevalence of dental caries among young children in Iran over the past 15\u0026nbsp;years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. Similar to a previous review study, an increased prevalence of caries has been shown over the past few decades in Saudi Arabia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e96\u003c/span\u003e]. In this investigation, the four studies published in 2008\u0026ndash;2018 reported the dental caries prevalence to be 49%-91.3% in different locations of Saudi Arabia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e]. Likewise, in Turkey, high prevalence was also observed among children below the age of 6 years, where five out of the six studies published in 2003\u0026ndash;2011 showed that at least three-quarters of the children had dental caries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e76\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR80 CR81\" citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e79\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e82\u003c/span\u003e]. Similar to the findings in Saudi Arabia and Turkey, studies from many other MENA countries also reported a high prevalence of dental caries, indicating a concerning development regarding dental status in the region. Sheiham and Williams reported an increased prevalence of dental caries in many African and Middle Eastern countries, supporting these findings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e97\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased age was identified as an independent risk factor for dental caries in several studies, probably reflecting the cumulative effect of the disease, which is on par with the literature [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e98\u003c/span\u003e]. Although females may be expected to exhibit a higher caries rate due to earlier tooth eruption and thus longer exposure to cariogenic processes, variations in the associations between sex and dental caries were found in this study. Female sex was associated with a higher risk in six studies, whereas males were at a higher risk in eight of the studies. Others have attributed sex variations to differences in dietary and oral hygiene behaviours or utilization of oral health care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR99\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e99\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR100\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of parental variables that are directly associated with children's oral health, including sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviours, access to health services and other attributes, is evident in this study. In a recent study, this was validated through a conceptual model [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR101\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e101\u003c/span\u003e]. SES is generally measured by indicators of human capital, such as income, education, urban/rural living, and occupational nature, which offer advantages or disadvantages to individuals and families. In line with findings from other regions and despite the differences in measuring SES in the reviewed articles, socioeconomic factors were shown to have a significant impact on dental caries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. It was primarily mothers\u0026rsquo; level of education, but also other factors, such as parental occupation, unemployment, low-skilled occupation, low income, overall SES and school type, that were identified as determinants of caries (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost dietary determinants for caries were related to sugar intake: consumption, amount, frequency or timing of sweet beverages, snacks and/or food. The current findings in establishing sugar intake and SES factors as key determinants of dental caries in the region are consistent with those of studies in several other countries that have demonstrated socioeconomic gradients in sugar consumption and may prompt dietary recommendations in limiting added sugar intake and targeting SES disadvantaged groups in the region [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR103\" citationid=\"CR102\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e102\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR104\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e104\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, other determinants were identified, such as a lack of an overall healthy diet or intake of certain nutritious foods, which again emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy eating habits and the need for dietary guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding infant feeding practices, the findings in this study were inconclusive, indicating that both bottle feeding and breastfeeding were associated with higher caries prevalence in different studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings are in contrast with those in a systematic review and meta-analysis that concluded that breastfeeding seems to be protective against dental caries when compared to bottle feeding [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR105\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e105\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth brushing as a determinant for caries was a distinct finding in this study; a reduced dental caries experience could be found among those who frequently brush their teeth and vice versa, and this was more apparent in the young age groups with primary dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR81\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e81\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR89\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e89\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e91\u003c/span\u003e]. Additional determinants related to tooth brushing included age of brushing initiation, frequency, adult supervision and the presence of visible plaque. These factors are all interrelated factors that could potentially also be linked to SES [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR106\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e106\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR107\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e107\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this review, the associations between determinants and dental caries were mainly projected from cross-sectional studies. These methodological choices, i.e., the study design (cross-sectional), sampling procedures (e.g., non\u0026ndash;population based, convenience sampling), assessment setting and/or outcome measures may be an expected consequence of the relatively immature research infrastructure, limited resources in some of the MENA countries or may be related to social or political turmoil that some countries have experienced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR108\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e108\u003c/span\u003e]. Although cross-sectional studies may be a feasible option in such circumstances, they only provide a snapshot of risk factors that are associated with the outcome, but causal pathways cannot be determined since the exposure and outcome are measured simultaneously [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR109\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e109\u003c/span\u003e]. On the other hand, case-control and longitudinal studies offer greater scientific evidence through better control of possible methodological biases and data analysis, and over time, these types of studies will be needed to further develop and strengthen the research landscape [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR108\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e108\u003c/span\u003e]. The aforementioned imbalance in research output between countries hinders the establishment of a comprehensive dental caries profile of the MENA region. This imposes the need to increase dental caries research output in some countries and to devote more rigorous, unique (not repetitive), up-to-date and representative research from others. These steps can strengthen the ability to comprehensively assess trends and determinants of dental caries in the region, allow for cross-country comparisons and identify regional variations in the future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strengths of this study include the systematic approach employed in assessing 600 articles published during a period of 20\u0026nbsp;years focusing on children and young adults. Furthermore, this study focused mainly on modifiable determinants in a region with a young population, which can guide informed dental public health actions and thereby decrease health inequities. The results in this study were reported without assessing the strength/power of either the study design, sampling procedures or the statistical analysis of the included articles, which can be seen as a limitation. Furthermore, the methodological heterogeneity (study design, age group, exposure, outcome measurements, covariates, statistical analyses) among the studies included in this article may have influenced the interpretation of the results; hence, these findings need to be confirmed or rejected by future studies. However, addressing the broad sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries offers an outlook of the determinants in a relatively understudied region.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"6. Conclusions","content":" \u003cp\u003eTo conclude, dental caries prevalence was found to be high among children and young adults residing in many countries in the MENA region during the past 20\u0026nbsp;years. Despite heterogeneity in the study designs and assessment methods of dental caries, the main determinants of dental caries were found to include age, sex, mother\u0026rsquo;s education, overall socioeconomic status, tooth brushing frequency, parents\u0026rsquo; oral habits/knowledge and sugar consumption. The high dental caries prevalence imposes the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes. Moreover, a special emphasis on standardizing regional oral health research would further enhance the knowledge and understanding of a major public health problem in the region.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAAPD: American Association Paediatric Dentistry, ASTDD: Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors, BASCD: British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, dmft/DMFT: decayed, missing, and filled (primary/permanent) teeth scores, EMRO: Eastern Mediterranean Region, ICADS: International Caries Detection and Assessment System, MDGs: Millennium Development Goals, MENA: Middle East and North Africa, SES: socioeconomic status, SDG: Sustainable Development Goals, WHO: World Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approvals and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research project (titled NOPLAS: Nutrition, Oral Health, Physical Development, Lifestyle, Anthropometric and Socioeconomic Status of Preschool Children in Abu Dhabi) received funding from the Research Incentive Fund (R16055) at Zayed University, UAE. The funding source had no impact on the execution of the study, neither the interpretation of the results nor the writing of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of this article declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dataset generated and analysed for the current study is not publicly available, but data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAE and MG contributed to the design of the study, data collection, screening, data analysis, interpretations of results and writing of the manuscript. AM contributed to the screening and writing of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank the Research Incentive Fund at Zayed University for financial support.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheiham A, Alexander D, Cohen L, Marinho V, Moys\u0026eacute;s S, Petersen PE, Spencer J, Watt RG, Weyant R.Global oral health inequalities: task group--implementation and delivery of oral health strategies. Adv Dent Res.2011;23:259-267.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsbu EZ, Masri MD, Kaissi A.Health status and health systems financing in the MENA region: roadmap to universal health coverage. Glob Health Res Policy.2017;2:25-25.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEl Bcheraoui C, Jumaan AO, Collison ML, Daoud F, Mokdad AH.Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time. 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Int J Paediatr Dent.2001;11:361-364.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBallouk MA, Dashash M.Caries prevalence and dental health of 8-12\u0026thinsp;year-old children in Damascus city in Syria during the Syrian Crisis; a cross-sectional epidemiological oral health survey. BMC Oral Health.2019;19:16.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDashash M, Blinkhorn A.The dental health of 5 year-old children living in Damascus, Syria. Community Dent Health.2012;29:209-213.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJaghasi I, Hatahet W, Dashash M.Dietary patterns and oral health in schoolchildren from Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. East Mediterr Health J.2012;18:358-364.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQadri G, Nourallah A, Splieth CH.Early childhood caries and feeding practices in kindergarten children. Quintessence Int.2012;43:503-510.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCinar AB, Murtomaa H.Interrelation between obesity, oral health and life-style factors among Turkish school children. Clin Oral Investig.2011;15:177-184.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCinar B, Murtomaa H.Clustering of obesity and dental health with lifestyle factors among Turkish and Finnish pre-adolescents. Obes Facts.2008;1:196-202.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCogulu D, Ersin NK, Uzel A, Eronat N, Aksit S.A long-term effect of caries-related factors in initially caries-free children. Int J Paediatr Dent.2008;18:361-367.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDoğan D, D\u0026uuml;lgergil CT, Mutluay AT, Yıldırım I, Hamidi MM, Colak H.Prevalence of caries among preschool-aged children in a central Anatolian population. J Nat Sci Biol Med.2013;4:325-329.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eİnan-Eroğlu E, \u0026Ouml;zşin-\u0026Ouml;zler C, Er\u0026ccedil;im RE, B\u0026uuml;y\u0026uuml;ktuncer Z, Uzamış-Tek\u0026ccedil;i\u0026ccedil;ek M, G\u0026uuml;\u0026ccedil;iz-Doğan B.Is diet quality associated with early childhood caries in preschool children? A descriptive study. Turk J Pediatr.2017;59:537-547.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK\u0026ouml;ksal E, Tek\u0026ccedil;i\u0026ccedil;ek M, Yal\u0026ccedil;in SS, Tuğrul B, Yal\u0026ccedil;in S, Pekcan G.Association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in Turkish school children. Cent Eur J Public Health.2011;19:147-151.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNamal N, Vehit HE, Can G.Risk factors for dental caries in Turkish preschool children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent.2005;23:115-118.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNamal N, Y\u0026uuml;ceokur AA, Can G.Significant caries index values and related factors in 5-6-year-old children in Istanbul, Turkey. East Mediterr Health J.2009;15:178-184.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOlmez S, Uzamis M, Erdem G.Association between early childhood caries and clinical, microbiological, oral hygiene and dietary variables in rural Turkish children. Turk J Pediatr.2003;45:231-236.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOzer S, Sen Tunc E, Bayrak S, Egilmez T.Evaluation of certain risk factors for early childhood caries in Samsun, Turkey. Eur J Paediatr Dent.2011;12:103-106.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTulunoğlu O, Ulusu T, Işik EE, Tezkirecioğlu M, Gen\u0026ccedil; Y.The prevalence and surface distribution of caries among schoolchildren in Ankara, Turkey according to their dental health behaviors. J Clin Pediatr Dent.2007;31:240-245.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHashim R, Thomson WM, Ayers KM, Lewsey JD, Awad M.Dental caries experience and use of dental services among preschool children in Ajman, UAE. Int J Paediatr Dent.2006;16:257-262.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHashim R, Williams S, Thomson WM.Severe early childhood caries and behavioural risk indicators among young children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.2011;12:205-210.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHashim R, Williams S, Thomson WM.Oral hygiene and dental caries in 5- to 6-year-old children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Int J Dent Hyg.2013;11:208-215.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHashim R, Williams SM, Murray Thomson W.Diet and caries experience among preschool children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Eur J Oral Sci.2009;117:734-740.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElamin A, Garemo M, Gardner A.Dental caries and their association with socioeconomic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and eating habits among preschool children in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates - the NOPLAS project. BMC Oral Health.2018;18:104.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhadri FA, Gopinath VK, Hector MP, Davenport ES.Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11-17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Dent.2018;12:217-224.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKowash MB, Alkhabuli JO, Dafaalla SA, Shah A, Khamis AH.Early childhood caries and associated risk factors among preschool children in Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.2017;18:97-103.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKowash MB.Severity of early childhood caries in preschool children attending Al-Ain Dental Centre, United Arab Emirates. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.2015;16:319-324.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Otaibi MF, Al-Mamari F, Baskaradoss JK.Oral health status of 12-year-old school children in Yemen. A cross- sectional survey. Eur J Paediatr Dent.2012;13:324-328.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSalah N.Comparison of oral health in children aged 5-6 years in the Czech Republic and Yemen. Cent Eur J Public Health.2018;26:305-309.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization Oral Health Programme: Global data on dental caries prevalence (DMFT) in children aged 12 years / Global Oral Data Bank, Oral Health/Area Profile Programme. In\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Ansari AA.Prevalence, severity, and secular trends of dental caries among various Saudi populations: A literature review. Saudi J Med Med Sci.2014;2:142.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheiham A, Williams D.Reducing inequalities in oral health in the Africa and Middle East region. Advances in Dental Research.2015;27:4-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBernab\u0026eacute; E, Sheiham A.Age, period and cohort trends in caries of permanent teeth in four developed countries. Am J Public Health.2014;104:e115-e121.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLukacs JR, Largaespada LL.Explaining sex differences in dental caries prevalence: Saliva, hormones, and \u0026ldquo;life‐history\u0026rdquo; etiologies. Am J Hum Biol.2006;18:540-555.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMartinez-Mier EA, Zandona AF.The impact of gender on caries prevalence and risk assessment. Dental Clinics.2013;57:301-315.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuldur B.Pathways between parental and individual determinants of dental caries and dental visit behaviours among children: Validation of a new conceptual model. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBolt-Evensen K, Vik FN, Stea TH, Klepp KI, Bere E.Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood in relation to socioeconomic status - 15\u0026nbsp;years follow-up in Norway. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act.2018;15:8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDarmon N, Drewnowski A.Does social class predict diet quality? Am J Clin Nutr.2008;87:1107-1117.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchwendicke F, D\u0026ouml;rfer C, Schlattmann P, Page LF, Thomson W, Paris S.Socioeconomic inequality and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res.2015;94:10-18.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvila WM, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM, Martins CC.Breast and Bottle Feeding as Risk Factors for Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One.2015;10:e0142922.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeres MA, Peres KG, De Barros AJD, Victora CG.The relation between family socioeconomic trajectories from childhood to adolescence and dental caries and associated oral behaviours. J Epidemiol Community Health.2007;61:141-145.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolk DE, Weyant RJ, Manz MC.Socioeconomic factors in adolescents\u0026rsquo; oral health: are they mediated by oral hygiene behaviors or preventive interventions? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.2010;38:1-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehbehani JM, Shah NM.Oral health in Kuwait before the Gulf War. Med Princ Pract.2002;11 Suppl 1:36-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevin KA.Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evid Based Dent.2006;7:24-25.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eSearch terms and examples of search strategies using PubMed, Medline and Google scholar\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSearch category\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSearch words\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChildren\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChildren\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental caries\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaries\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeterminants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBehaviours, Determinants, Dietary causes, Dietary habits, Education, Factors, Income, Socio, Social determinants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeographic Context\u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlgeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Yemen, Middle East, North Africa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"140\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExamples of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esearch strategies\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"474\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Determinants AND caries AND children AND Middle East\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Factors AND caries AND children AND North Africa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Behaviours AND caries AND children AND Algeria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Socio AND caries AND children AND Bahrain\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Dietary causes AND caries AND children AND Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Dietary habits AND caries AND children AND Iran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Education AND caries AND children AND Iraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Income AND caries AND children and Jordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Social determinants AND caries AND children AND Kuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e#\u003c/sup\u003eCountries being part of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) according to the World Atlas categorization, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2 Statistically significant determinants related to children\u0026rsquo;s sex, age and weight status contributing to dental caries\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterminants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation: Positive (+), negative (-)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of dentition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group (Gender)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esetting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScoring system\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType/s of statistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental caries/ \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escoring results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(primary dentition)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2016 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD-ECC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=9.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2017 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=57% (2-3 y) ECCP=73% (3-4 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,6,9,12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity health centres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft= 1.9 (3y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=5.0 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.6 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.2 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.9 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.9 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSadeghi et al. 2011 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e747\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaries free=16.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.83 (SD 2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSaied-Moallemi et al. 2006 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e459\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-way ANOVA,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann- Whitney\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.2 (M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.4 (F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGoodson et al. 2013 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8,319\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean age=11.36 y (grade 4 \u0026amp; 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePercentage of decayed or filled teeth\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate rank-based Wilcoxon regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled teeth (all body weights)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e=11.01% (SEM 0.11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled teeth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(males)=\u003c/em\u003e11.76 %\u0026nbsp; (SEM 0.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled teeth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(females)=\u003c/em\u003e10.53% (SEM 0.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2006 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZINB regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBashirian et al.\u0026nbsp; 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e988\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=80.36%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft median (25th-75th percentile):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll=4(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMales= 4(2-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemales=5(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJahani et al. 2013 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e845\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrdinal logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate to high DCP\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e=50% of the children\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFarsi \u0026amp;Elkhodary 2017 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e801\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean age=16.5 y (Grade 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eASTDD (DT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann- Whitney\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT boys=3.9 (SD 3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT girls=4.9 (SD 3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuew et al. 2011 (14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLibya\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT, DMFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=57.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=2.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eanalysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y, (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBashirian et al.\u0026nbsp; 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e988\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=80.36%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedian (25th-75th percentile) dmft:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll=4 (2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoys=4 (2-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGirls=5 (2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEslamipour et al. 2010 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e748\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-20 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square, Binary logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=88.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (11-14 y) =4.94 (SD 3.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (11-14 y) =3.02 (SD 2.51)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=5.00 (SD 3.37) (14-17 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (17-20 y) =6.66 (SD 3.82)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMohebbi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2006 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-36 mo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15 mo=3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16-19 mo=9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20-25 mo=14%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-36 mo=33%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.1 (12-15 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.2 (16-19 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.4(20-25 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=1.2(26-36 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAskarizadeh \u0026amp; Siyonat,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2004 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e620\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=17.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=8.5 (M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=7.8 (F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003ec \u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003ec \u003c/sup\u003e(22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWyne et al. 2001 (24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=27.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mutawa el al. 2006 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4588\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,6,12,14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft, DMFT, DFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=4.6 (5-6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.4(6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.9 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=0.4 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=3.4 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=5.2 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQadri et al. 2012 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=48%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=70%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.25 (SD 4.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eİnan-Eroğlu et al. 2017 (27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36-71 mo,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal-Wallis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft =4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs= 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDogan et al. 2013 (28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3171\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8-60 mo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=17.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=0.63 (1.79)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.jisppd.com/searchresult.asp?search=\u0026amp;author=Necmi+Namal\u0026amp;journal=Y\u0026amp;but_search=Search\u0026amp;entries=10\u0026amp;pg=1\u0026amp;s=0\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Namal\u003c/a\u003e \u0026nbsp;et al. 2005 (29)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e598\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOlmez et al.\u0026nbsp; 2003 (30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9-57 mo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eanalysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2006 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZINB regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver weight\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJahani et al. 2013 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e845\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft/DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrdinal logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate to high DCP\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e=50% of the children\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBagherian \u0026amp; Sadeghi, 2013 (31)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30-70 m (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (defs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=55.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS-ECCP=51.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edefs=8.37 (SD 11.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu El Qomsan et al. 2017 (32)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e386\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool and Clinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT, DT, FT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-way ANOVA,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDT:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnderweight=3.06 (SD 1.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNormal weight=2.90 (SD 2.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver weight=3.69 (SD 2.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObese=4.00 (SD 2.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFT:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnderweight=0.25 (SD 0.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNormal weight=0.34 (SD 0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOver weight=0.39 (SD 0.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObese=0.68 (SD 1.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlghamdi \u0026amp; Almahdy,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2017 (33)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14-16 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified DMFT\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=54.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow BMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuadri et al. 2017 (34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft/DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft/DMFT=\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.52 (F),\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.88 (M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGoodson et al. 2013 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8,319\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean age=11.36 y (grade 4 \u0026amp; 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePercentage of decayed or filled teeth\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate rank-based Wilcoxon regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled \u003c/em\u003eteeth (all body weights)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e=11.01% (SEM 0.11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled teeth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(males\u003c/em\u003e)=11.76 % (SEM 0.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecayed or filled teeth\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e(females)=\u003c/em\u003e10.53% (SEM 0.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder weight\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK\u0026ouml;ksal et al. 2011 (35)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e245\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M. F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann- Whitney, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=85.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=5.3 (SD 3.78)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.27(SD 0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=10.5(SD 9.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=0.33(SD 0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWeight status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVaried\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBhayat et al. 2016 (36)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e402\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinear regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=49%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.46 (SD 2.04)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"78\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"90\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAAPD\u003c/em\u003e American Association Paediatric Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eBASCD\u003c/em\u003e British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eCS\u003c/em\u003e Cross-sectional, \u003cem\u003eCC\u003c/em\u003e Case control, \u003cem\u003eDCP\u003c/em\u003e Dental caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003edeft \u003c/em\u003edecayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edfs\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edmfs \u003c/em\u003edecayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth;\u003cem\u003e DMFS\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003edmft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003eDMFT\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003eECC\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries, \u003cem\u003eECCP\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e Female, \u003cem\u003eICADS\u003c/em\u003e The\u0026nbsp;international caries\u0026nbsp;Detection and\u0026nbsp;Assessment System, \u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e Longitudinal, \u003cem\u003eKSA \u003c/em\u003eKingdom of Saudi Arabia, \u003cem\u003em\u003c/em\u003e months \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e Male, \u003cem\u003eWHO\u003c/em\u003e World Health Organisation, \u003cem\u003eSiC\u003c/em\u003e Significant caries index, \u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e Standard deviation, \u003cem\u003ey \u003c/em\u003eyears\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eThe author calculated this as follows the decayed or filled teeth (%)=100 x [(number of primary teeth with fillings) +(number of permanent teeth with fillings) +(number of decayed primary teeth)+(number decayed permanent teeth)]/[(number of primary teeth)+(number of permanent teeth)].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eThe children were categorized into three groups on the basis of WHO caries severity classification. Low caries level was defined as dmft/DMFT\u0026le;2.6, moderate caries as dmft/DMFT of 2.7-4.4 and high caries as dmft/DMFT\u0026gt;4.4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eSayegh et al. 2002 and Sayegh et al. 2005 seem to be based on the same study population and the results mentioned in this table, have been reported in both articles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eNormal weight status-positive association to caries, whereas the caries prevalence was lower in under and overweight children\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3 Statistically significant socio-economic, socio-demographic, school type and geographical-related determinants contributing to dental caries\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterminants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation: Positive (+), Negative (-)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy design \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of dentition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group (Gender)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esetting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScoring system\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType/s of statistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental caries/ \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escoring results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s attributes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBashirian et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e988\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=80.36%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaghdoost et al. 2017 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8725\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinear regression,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=87%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate \u0026nbsp;analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft median (25th-75th percentile):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll=4(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMales= 4(2-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFemales=5(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation (low levels)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (6) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model\u0026nbsp; logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Meedani, 2016 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e388\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuadri et al. 2015 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e853\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=91.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003elogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRampant caries=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation (number of filled teeth in the child)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAzizi et al. 2014 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalestine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1376\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot indicated\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft =2.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOzer et al. 2011 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=46.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNamal et al. 2009 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e542\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.74 (3.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=7.75 (2.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eeducation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson-s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft:1.7\u0026plusmn;2.81\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eoccupation (Employed)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eoccupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Not employed)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmin \u0026amp; Al-Abad, 2008 (14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1115\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10-14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=68.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s caries experience\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil, 2016 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=9.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s current caries experience\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2017 (16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=57% (2-3yrs), 73% (3-4yrs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s attributes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CAST score of \u0026ge;3 in primary molar teeth)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBabaei et al. 2019 (17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary \u0026amp; Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emolar teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e739\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCAST index\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePermanent molars:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealthy status in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89.3\u0026ndash;93.7% of the teeth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrimary molars: \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMorbidity status in 25.3 to 31.2% of the teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSerious morbidity status with\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePulp involvement in 2.9 -10.5% of the teeth and abscess/fistula in \u0026lt; 1% of the teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"220\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s Education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,6,9,12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity health centres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft= 1.9 (3y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=5.0 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.6 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.2 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.9 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.9 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"220\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s Education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuew et al. 2011 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLibya\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT, DMFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=57.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=2.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s Education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s Occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Low educational occupations)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.jisppd.com/searchresult.asp?search=\u0026amp;author=Necmi+Namal\u0026amp;journal=Y\u0026amp;but_search=Search\u0026amp;entries=10\u0026amp;pg=1\u0026amp;s=0\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Namal\u003c/a\u003e et al. 2005 (21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e598\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFather\u0026rsquo;s occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Self-employment)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmanlou et al. 2011 (22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=49.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.99 (SD 0.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents attributes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; education (primary dentition)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; education level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSistani et al, 2017 (24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2080\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP varied between 51.1%-71.9% during 2007-2015\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.01 (SD 3.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic factors\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAhmed et al. 2007 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e392\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=62%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"220\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; Education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mendalawi \u0026amp; Karam, 2014 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents Education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRajab et al. 2014 (27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2496 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2560 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 y, 12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis linear regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.4% (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=45.5% (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.3 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.1 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; employment status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSistani et al, 2017 (24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2080\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP varied between 51.1%-71.9% during 2007-2015\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.01 (SD 3.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; employment status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhodadadi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2016 (28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21-84 mo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic status\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFamily affluent scale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhani-Varzegani et al. 2017 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft median (25th-75th percentile):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll=4(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoys=4(2-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGirls= 5(2-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncome\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mendalawi \u0026amp; Karam, 2014 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow family income\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLack of dental insurance-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft 4.20 (SD \u0026plusmn;2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocio-Economic Status\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlghamdi \u0026amp; Almahdy, 2017 (29)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14-16 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=54.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocio-Economic Status\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRajab et al. 2014\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2496 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2560 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6 y, 12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis linear regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.4% (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=45.5% (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.3 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.1 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHousehold income\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (30)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eanalysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHouse Hold Income\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2011 (31)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSevere ECCP=31.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamily demographic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSibling order\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVaried\u003csup\u003e i\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNumber of Siblings\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge family size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Meedani, 2016 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge family size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmin \u0026amp; Al-Abed, 2008 (14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1115\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10-14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003elogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=68.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNationality (Emirati)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-tests,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=1.7 (SD 2.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeographical Location\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVaried\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl Mutawa et al. 2010 (32)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1277\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4 \u0026amp;5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft/dfs=3.7/6.9 (4 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft/dfs=4.8/9.6 (5 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeographical Location\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVaried\u003csup\u003ek\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBallouk \u0026amp; Dashash 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(33)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT, dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=79.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.47 (SD 2.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.03 (SD 1.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRural living\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mendalawi \u0026amp; Karam, 2014 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRural living\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y (M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-Pearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDmft=1.7 (SD 2.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUrban living\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBayat-Movahed et al. 2011 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3,6,9,12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommunity health centres\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft= 1.9 (3y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=5.0 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.6 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.2 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.9 (9y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.9 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemi-urban living\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl Darwish et al. 2014 (34)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultinomial logistic regression,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=85%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (12 y) =4.62 (SD 3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (13 y) =4.79 (SD 3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT (14 y) =5.51 (SD 3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchool type\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublic Schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFarsi \u0026amp; Elkhodary 2017 (35)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e801\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean age=16.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Grade 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eASTDD (DT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann- Whitney\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT boys=3.9 (SD 3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDT girls=4.9 (SD 3.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublic Schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRampant caries=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrivate schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSgan-Cohen et al. 2015 (36)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalestine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT =1.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublic schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCinar \u0026amp; Murtomaa, 2011 (37)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e611\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=4.44 (public school)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=2.64 (private school)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"235\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublic schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCinar \u0026amp; Murtromaa, 2008 (38)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003csup\u003el\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"51\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e611\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"67\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"85\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"102\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT= 2.93\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAAPD\u003c/em\u003e American Association Paediatric Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eBASCD\u003c/em\u003e British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eCS\u003c/em\u003e Cross-sectional, \u003cem\u003eCC\u003c/em\u003e Case control, \u003cem\u003eDCP\u003c/em\u003e Dental caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003edeft \u003c/em\u003edecayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edfs\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edmfs \u003c/em\u003edecayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth;\u003cem\u003e DMFS\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003edmft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003eDMFT\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003eECC\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries, \u003cem\u003eECCP\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e Female, \u003cem\u003eICADS\u003c/em\u003e The\u0026nbsp;international caries\u0026nbsp;Detection and\u0026nbsp;Assessment System, \u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e Longitudinal, \u003cem\u003eKSA \u003c/em\u003eKingdom of Saudi Arabia, \u003cem\u003em\u003c/em\u003e months \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e Male, \u003cem\u003eWHO\u003c/em\u003e World Health Organisation, \u003cem\u003eSiC\u003c/em\u003e Significant caries index, \u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e Standard deviation, \u003cem\u003ey \u003c/em\u003eyears\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eThe CAST index scoring system is as follows: \u0026ldquo;0: sound\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;1: sealant\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;2: restoration\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;3: enamel lesions\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;4, 5: dentine lesions\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;6: pulp involvement\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;7: abscess/fistula\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;8: tooth loss\u0026rdquo;. If a situation did not match any codes from 0 to 8, a code 9 was assigned. The codes 0\u0026ndash;2, 3, 4\u0026ndash;5, 6\u0026ndash;7, and 8 were considered as \u0026ldquo;healthy\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;pre-morbidity\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;morbidity\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;serious morbidity\u0026rdquo;, and \u0026ldquo;mortality\u0026rdquo;, respectively\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eThe authors describe their scoring as WHO (DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 3-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eData was collected during 9 years. In each year data was collected in a new sample.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eThe mean FT score was significantly higher for children having mothers with higher education, fathers with higher education and for residents of higher socio-economic areas, as compared to their counterparts in the opposite groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eThe authors describe their scoring as WHO(DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 0-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003eThe SES level was based on the level of parental education and its type, guardians\u0026rsquo; occupation and address.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003eSES score based on parental education and suburban location of residence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003eSES score based on school type: low SES: deprived areas and refugee camps, medium SES: state schools, high SES: private schools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003eThe sibling order impacts dental caries status: 84.44%, 74,37%, 40.19% and 77.65% of only, eldest, middle and youngest child/ren had dental caries, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003eDental caries prevalence differed between the 6 different regions/governorates in Kuwait but the characteristics of the regions are not described.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ek\u003c/sup\u003eDental caries prevalence differed between different parts/regions in Damascus but the characteristics of the regions are not described\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003el\u003c/sup\u003eA comparative study with Finland.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStatistically significant dental related determinants/risk factors contributing to dental caries\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterminants \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePositive (+), \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNegative (-) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor, year\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Study design) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of dentition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(gender)*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy setting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScoring system\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType/s of statistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental caries/ scoring system \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTooth brushing frequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Primary, mixed)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbas et al. 2019 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmanlou et al. 2011 (2) (CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=49.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.99 (SD 0.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mendalawi \u0026amp; Karam,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2014 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNamal et al. 2009 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e542\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003elogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=76.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.74 (SD 3.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=7.75 (SD 2.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTulunoğlu et al. 2007 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(L)\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e733\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dfs, DFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edfs Baseline:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGI:2.79, GII:3.12,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGIII: 2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDfs Final:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGI: 2.14, GII:3.79,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGIII: 3.69\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS Baseline:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGI: 0.16, GII: 0.20,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGIII: 0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS Final:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGI: 0.79, GII: 0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGIII: 1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft:1.7 (SD 2.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing-frequent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKowash et al. 2017(9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e540\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=13.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing -irregular or no brushing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 \u0026nbsp;(10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios, \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing -Irregular or no brushing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePaul, 2003 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=83.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=7.1 (SD 5.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTooth brushing initiation age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing initiation -late\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing initiation -late\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple ogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTooth brushing with adult help \u0026amp; aid\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing with adult help\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBashirian et al.\u0026nbsp; 2018 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e988\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=80.36%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.61\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing with adult help\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP =43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTooth brushing- with use of fluoridated toothpaste\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlghamdi \u0026amp; Almahdy,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2017 (14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14-16 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=54.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOral hygiene and practices attributes \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral hygiene\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CAST score of \u0026ge;3 in primary molar teeth)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBabaei et al. 2019 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"82\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary \u0026amp; Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003emolar teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e739\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-7 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCAST index\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePermanent molars:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHealthy status in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e89.3\u0026ndash;93.7% of the teeth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrimary molars: \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMorbidity status in 25.3 to 31.2% of the teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSerious morbidity status with\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePulp involvement in 2.9 -10.5% of the teeth and abscess/fistula in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1% of the teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral Hygiene-dental plaque presence\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMohebbi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2006 (16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-36 mo\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15 mo=3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16-19 mo=9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20-25 mo=14%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-36 mo=33%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.1 (12-15 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.2 (16-19 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=0.4(20-25 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=1.2(26-36 mo)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral hygiene-poor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mutawa el al. 2006 (17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4588\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,6,12,14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dft, DMFT, DFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=4.6 (5-6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.4(6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.9 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=0.4 (6y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=3.4 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=5.2 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral hygiene-poor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmin \u0026amp; Al-Abad, 2008 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1115\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10-14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=68.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral hygiene-poor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDashash \u0026amp; Blinkhorn, 2012 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e727\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=61%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.27(3.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral hygiene-poor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJaghasi et al. 2012 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-12y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=85%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOral practices-poor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKowash et al. 2017 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e540\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=13.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot feeling embarrassed when smiling\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAhmed et al. 2007 (21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e392\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=62%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent dentition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Mutawa el al. 2006 (17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKuwait\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4588\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5,6,12,14 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dft, DMFT, DFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edft=4.6 (5-6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=0.4 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.6 (12y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT-3.9 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=0.4 (6 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=3.4 (12 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDFS=5.2 (14 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental services visits attributes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental services -child\u0026rsquo;s first visit\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2017 (22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=57% (2-3 y) ECCP=73% (3-4 y)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental visits-regular\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil and Eltawil, 2016 (23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD-ECC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=9.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental visits-regular\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhumaid et al. 2018 (24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e921\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBasic screening survey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=63.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental services\u003cstrong\u003e -\u003c/strong\u003enot attending for preventive measures\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDashash \u0026amp; Blinkhorn, 2012 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e727\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=61%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.27 (SD 3.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental visits- for pain complaints/dental problems\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShaghaghian et al. 2018 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=69.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental visits- for pain complaints/dental problems\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDental visits\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParental oral health status and knowledge attributes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParental dental caries status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYazdan et al. 2018 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=6.33 (SD3.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.48 (SD1.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParental knowledge on oral hygiene\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYazdan et al. 2018 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=6.33 (SD3.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.48 (SD1.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s caries experience\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil, 2016 (23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=9.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s current caries experience\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2017 (22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=57% (2-3yrs), 73% (3-4yrs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParental knowledge on oral hygiene\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKowash et al. 2017 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"46\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e540\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"62\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"100\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"121\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=13.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAAPD\u003c/em\u003e American Association Paediatric Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eBASCD\u003c/em\u003e British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eCS\u003c/em\u003e Cross-sectional, \u003cem\u003eCC\u003c/em\u003e Case control, \u003cem\u003eDCP\u003c/em\u003e Dental caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003edeft \u003c/em\u003edecayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edfs\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edmfs \u003c/em\u003edecayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth;\u003cem\u003e DMFS\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003edmft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003eDMFT\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003eECC\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries, \u003cem\u003eECCP\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e Female, \u003cem\u003eICADS\u003c/em\u003e The\u0026nbsp;international caries\u0026nbsp;Detection and\u0026nbsp;Assessment System, \u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e Longitudinal, \u003cem\u003eKSA \u003c/em\u003eKingdom of Saudi Arabia, \u003cem\u003em\u003c/em\u003e months \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e Male, \u003cem\u003eWHO\u003c/em\u003e World Health Organisation, \u003cem\u003eSiC\u003c/em\u003e Significant caries index, \u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e Standard deviation, \u003cem\u003ey \u003c/em\u003eyears\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eThe authors describe their scoring as WHO(DMFT) whereas it should be noted that the age group is 3-6 year olds where normally WHO (dmft) is being used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eBased on the baseline assessment the participants were categorized into; Group I having sufficient oral health behaviours, Group II having moderate oral health behaviours and Group III having insufficient oral health behaviours and then the participants were followed for a 2-year period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eOral hygiene measured by\u0026nbsp; Oral Health index-Simplified (OHI-S)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eThe CAST index scoring system is as follows: \u0026ldquo;0: sound\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;1: sealant\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;2: restoration\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;3: enamel lesions\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;4, 5: dentine lesions\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;6: pulp involvement\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;7: abscess/fistula\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;8: tooth loss\u0026rdquo;. If a situation did not match any codes from 0 to 8, a code 9 was assigned. The codes 0\u0026ndash;2, 3, 4\u0026ndash;5, 6\u0026ndash;7, and 8 were considered as \u0026ldquo;healthy\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;pre-morbidity\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;morbidity\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;serious morbidity\u0026rdquo;, and \u0026ldquo;mortality\u0026rdquo;, respectively\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStatistically significant nutrition-related determinants contributing to dental caries\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeterminants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation: Positive (+), Negative (-)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Study design) \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of dentition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group (Gender)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy setting\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScoring system\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType/s of statistical\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDental caries/ \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003escoring results\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeverages\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoft drinks\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChedid et al. 2011 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLebanon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DFS score and bite wing radiographs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoft drinks\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP: 83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoft drinks\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2009\u003csup\u003ea \u003c/sup\u003e(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Risk Ratio,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit juice- before bed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRampant caries=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit juice-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2009\u003csup\u003ea \u003c/sup\u003e(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRisk Ratio,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCitrus juice-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efrequent consumption (mixed dentition)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit squash- frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuew et al. 2012 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLibya\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate stepwise regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=57.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS=2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit squash- frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb \u003c/sup\u003e(7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb \u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e(\u003c/sup\u003e8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFruit squash-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStepwise multiple logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTea with sugar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTea with sugar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2009\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Risk Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate \u0026nbsp;analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlavoured milk\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweetened beverages\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=1.7 (SD 2.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweetened beverages\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweetened beverages\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAhmed et al. 2007 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIraq\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e392\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=62%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugar rich food\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuadri et al. 2015 (12)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e853\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=91.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJaghasi et al. 2012 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=85%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2009\u003csup\u003ea \u003c/sup\u003e(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate\u0026nbsp; analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efrequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElamin et al. 2018 (9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP: 41%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=1.7 (SD 2.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSugar containing foods\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efrequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8)(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSnacks and meal frequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweet snacks\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eand beverages\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKowash et al. 2017\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(14)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e540\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=74.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSiC=13.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweet snacks\u003csup\u003ee \u003c/sup\u003eand beverages\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKowash, 2015 (15)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD (dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=32.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweet snacks\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e and beverages\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2011\u003csup\u003ea \u003c/sup\u003e(16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (ECC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSevere ECCP=31.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweet snacks\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft )\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted odds ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft= 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSnacks-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2013\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(17)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Risk Ratio, Bivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSnacks\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChedid et al. 2011 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLebanon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DFS score and bite wing radiographs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMilk-as snack\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChedid et al. 2011 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLebanon\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DFS score and bite/wing radiographs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMain meal consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnclear\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKhadri et al. 2018 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e803\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11-17 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=75%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=3.19 (SD 2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEating frequently (\u0026gt;5times daily)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHashim et al. 2009\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) (CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Risk Ratio,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther eating related factors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo fruit consumption-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSweet taste perception\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAshi et al. 2017 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003csup\u003ef \u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eICDAS, (DMFS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-way ANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFS= 2.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow dietary score\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Otaibi et al. 2012 (19)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYemen\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate logistic regression,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=90.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=2.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow nutrient food\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eİnan-Eroğlu et al. 2017 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36-71 m\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMann-Whitney,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal-Wallis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft =4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs= 8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDairy products-low consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJaghasi et al. 2012 (13)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-12 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=85%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCod liver intake\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNutritious food\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e-frequent consumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbass et al. 2019 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary. Mixed, Permanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-18 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft, deft, DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKruskal- Wallis, Spearman\u0026rsquo;s\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=74%\u003cbr /\u003e dmft=3.23 (SD 4.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeft=4.21 (SD 3.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=1.04 (SD 1.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfant feeding practices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFeeding type\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbu Hamila, 2013 (22)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3.5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=69.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft range =2.1-7.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding-Long duration\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb \u003c/sup\u003e(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8) (CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-On demand feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios, Multivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft= 4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBener et al. 2013 (21)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQatar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-15 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormula feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQadri et al. 2012 (24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSyria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECC\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft, dmfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=48%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=70%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.25 (SD 4.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNight feeding -bottle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMohebbi, 2008 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-3 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-test,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChi-Square,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=3-26% depending on age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNight feeding -bottle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOzer et al. 2011 (26)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-6 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAAPD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(ECC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=46.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=2.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNight feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;2016 (27)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (DMFT)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDMFT=9.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNight feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKabil \u0026amp; Eltawil,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2017 (28)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-4y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(ECC)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=57% (2-3yrs),\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e73% (3-4yrs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBottle feeding-on\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edemand\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8)(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSleep with bottle\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlhabdan et al. 2018 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e578\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6-8 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratios,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCCP=83%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.20 (SD 2.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSleep next to mother\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDummy use\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2002\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSayegh et al. 2005\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJordan\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO (dmft)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=67%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft \u0026gt;4 in 31%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDummy-sweetened\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl-Malik et al. 2002 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(CS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-5 y\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchool\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBASCD (dmft, dmfs))\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDCP=73%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eECCP=43%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmft=4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edmfs=12.67\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"129\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShared spoons between mother and child\u003csup\u003ek\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"101\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCogulu et al. 2008\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(29)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(L- 24 months)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"75\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-35 m\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(M, F)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"58\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"89\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(dft, dfs)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"94\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLogistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinal DCP=45%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinal dft=1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinal dfs=1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAAPD\u003c/em\u003e American Association Paediatric Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eBASCD\u003c/em\u003e British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry, \u003cem\u003eCS\u003c/em\u003e Cross-sectional, \u003cem\u003eCC\u003c/em\u003e Case control, \u003cem\u003eDCP\u003c/em\u003e Dental caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003edeft \u003c/em\u003edecayed, extracted due to caries and filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edfs\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled surfaces in primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003edmfs \u003c/em\u003edecayed, missing and filled surfaces in primary teeth;\u003cem\u003e DMFS\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing and filled surfaces in permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003edmft\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled primary teeth, \u003cem\u003eDMFT\u003c/em\u003e decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth, \u003cem\u003eECC\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries, \u003cem\u003eECCP\u003c/em\u003e Early childhood caries prevalence, \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e Female, \u003cem\u003eICADS\u003c/em\u003e The\u0026nbsp;international caries\u0026nbsp;Detection and\u0026nbsp;Assessment System, \u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e Longitudinal, \u003cem\u003eKSA \u003c/em\u003eKingdom of Saudi Arabia, \u003cem\u003em\u003c/em\u003e months \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e Male, \u003cem\u003eWHO\u003c/em\u003e World Health Organisation, \u003cem\u003eSiC\u003c/em\u003e Significant caries index, \u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e Standard deviation, \u003cem\u003ey \u003c/em\u003eyears\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eHashim et al. 2006, Hashim et al. 2009, Hashim et al. 2011 and Hashim et al. 2013 seem to be based on the same study population but reporting different results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eSayegh et al. 2002 and Sayegh et al. 2005 seem to be based on the same study population and the results mentioned in this table, have been reported in both articles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eSweetend beverages refer to the consumption of various sweet beverages like soft drinks, fruit squashes, tea with sugar, flavoured milk, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eSugar rich food may include consumption of all/and mix of items like candy, chocolates, dates, ice-cream, cakes, muffins, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eSweet snacks include various food items with high sugar content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003eKSA was part of this multinational study which also included Italy and Mexico. Only the results for KSA are presented in this table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003eThe dietary score was based on a few questions related to the consumption of cariogenic food and eating patterns with yes/no answer options.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003eAssessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010 and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003eNutritious food refers to a frequent consumption of high nutrient food like fruits, vegetables, beans, milk, eggs etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003eThe feeding type had an impact on the caries prevalence as follows: 75.39% of breastfeed children, 70.39% of the formula fed, 68.67% of those who were weaned and 55% of those who got a mix of breast milk and formula had dental caries respectively. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ek\u003c/sup\u003eDuring the baseline sampling mothers reported that they put their child\u0026rsquo;s spoon into their own mouth while feeding their child. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Children, Dental caries, Eating habits, Middle East, Northern Africa, Oral health, Risk factors, Socioeconomics, Sugar intake, Tooth brushing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology and dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000\u0026ndash;2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case-control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2\u0026ndash;88.8%, early childhood caries between 3\u0026ndash;57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6\u0026ndash;8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-01-29 19:10:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-154776/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2021-02-08T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-02-07T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-02-07T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\n\n1. This study describes the overall sociobehavioural determinant, but it has not describing the key point of the contextual/environmental determinants of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region that different from another region\n\n2. Another point for determinants, determinants related to primary caregiver characteristics such as relative to child or age may be include in analysis\n\n2. What is your recommendation for public health policy with this determinant of caries?* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **Yes**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThank you for your efforts in preparing this manuscript which is important in describing the caries prevalence and associated determinants among children in MENA.\nPlease find below detailed comments regarding the manuscript and recommendations:\n\nLine 130/131: rather than a \"specialized webpage (scholar.google.com)\" this can be rephrased to \"Electronic searches of databases (PubMed and Medline) supplemented by use of an online search engine (Google Scholar) were used to explore…\"\nLine 149: remove \"specialized webpage\". Similarly correct PRISMA flowdiagram\nLine 159: \"removal of duplicates\" is repetitive as this has already been mentioned in\nLine 150. Please change to something along the lines of \"From the identified 600 articles a total of 77 eligible articles were included following application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria.\"\nInclusion/Exclusion criteria: was there any restriction in date range or language?\n\nPlease explain why the following articles were excluded:\n\nMorocco: Poulsen S, Moller IJ, Naerum J, Pedersen PO. Prevalence of dental caries in 2383 Moroccan school children aged eight and twelve. Arch Oral Biol. 1972 Aug;17(8):1165-75. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(72)90087-8. PMID: 4403568.\n\nZouaidi K, Chala S, Ameziane R, Chhoul H. Carie de la première molaire permanente chez une population d'enfants marocains âgés de 6 à 15 ans [First permanent molar caries: a case study of Moroccan children between 6 and 15 year-old]. Odontostomatol Trop. 2012 Dec;35(140):5-10.\n\nAlgeria:\nAlmerich-Silla JM, Montiel-Company JM, Ruiz-Miravet A. Caries and dental fluorosis in a western Saharan population of refugee children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Dec;116(6):512-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00583.x. PMID: 19049520.\n\nBahrain:\nSee Naseeb: National Oral Health Survey of Oral Health Status of Bahraini School Children\n\nOman:\nAl-Ismaily M, Al-Khussaiby A, Chestnutt IG, Stephen KW, Al-Riyami A, Abbas M, Knight M. The oral health status of Omani 12-year-olds--a national survey. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;24(5):362-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1996.tb00877.x.\n\n\nTunisia:\nMaatouk, F. (‎1998)‎. School oral health survey in Kairouan, Tunisia. EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 4 (‎1)‎, 137-141, 1998\n\n\nTables 2-5: Please clarify what Association +/- refers to ie + refers to this factor being a statistically significant risk factor caries vs - refers to this factor being protective against caries. This clarification can be done by using an asterisk* and adding appropriate clarification in the caption.\n\nLine 202/203: Add an additional statement to qualify the context. Eg in regards to the influence of gender of caries prevalence…\nLine 205: This requires clarification instead of \"the study is not presented in the tables\" do you mean \"this variable is not presented in the tables\"\n\nLine 237-239: Please also cite/reference the articles for consistency as oppose to simply saying 13 studies, 2 studies etc. Similarly Lines 272-274. Please check this throughout the manuscript.\nPlease add subheadings to the discussion to better structure and organise the discussion. This will significantly improve readability of the article.\nLine 397: Please amend this statement, although 600 articles were screened, only 77 were deemed eligible. The number of articles does not correlate as being a strength.\nPlease comment on why a quality assessment for the included studies was not conducted. This can be added and will significantly strengthen the article. There are several epidemiological tools that can be used an objective assessment of quality elucidated, see Migliavaca et al 2020 which is a systematic review of various assessment tools that can be applied to prevalence studies.\nLine 414: \"during the past 20 years\" is a very vague statement, either remove this and replace with something along the lines of \"The prevalence of dental caries among children and young adults in the MENA region was high\".\nLine 421: the comment on \"standardizing\" region oral health research does not come from this study and more of an extrapolation rather than a conclusion of this study. The discussion notes the issues of cross-sectional studies and the need for longitudinal data, however the issue of standardization is particularly challenging as there is no single measure or method that is superior and thus can be used for studies across the board.\n\nReferences\nPlease correct reference 17\nFigure 1: PRISMA diagram: replace \"irrelevant\" with a more appropriate and specific description eg \"Not a MENA country\" or \"outside of included time period\" etc\nCorrect the flow of arrows on the PRISMA diagram and ensure the arrows are the correct length and do not overlap with the boxes\n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. 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(default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-01-21T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-01-21T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-01-21T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2021-01-20T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2021-01-20T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"655df586-d419-4303-b70b-4f5b78477203","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 29th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":2114948,"name":"Dentistry"},{"id":2114949,"name":"Head \u0026 Neck Surgery"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-01-29T19:10:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-01-29 19:10:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-154776","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-154776","identity":"rs-154776","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}