Insights into karst aquifer functioning from multi-method time series analysis of two adjacent tropical springs (Central Java, Indonesia)

Insights into karst aquifer functioning from multi-method time series analysis of two adjacent tropical springs (Central Java, Indonesia) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Insights into karst aquifer functioning from multi-method time series analysis of two adjacent tropical springs (Central Java, Indonesia) Tjahyo Adji, Andy Setyawan, Danang Fauzi, romza agniy, Ahmad Cahyadi, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8659174/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Time Series Analysis (TSA) provides a statistical framework to assess the hydrodynamic behaviour of karst aquifers by analyzing rainfall-discharge relationships. Using TSA as the primary analytical method, this study investigates two neighbouring tropical karst springs—Kalisirah and Jumbleng—in the South Gombong karst area, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite their close proximity (615 m), the springs exhibit markedly different discharge behaviours. Seven TSA approaches were applied, including auto-correlation, cross-correlation, spectral density, phase function, cross-amplitude, gain, and coherence functions. The results reveal that Kalisirah Spring has a more responsive system with quicker release from the conduit and diffuse storage than Jumbleng Spring, indicating a more developed karst structure. Both springs exhibit similar fissure-flow responses. Additional methods—Master Recession Curve (MRC) analysis, recession constant calculation, and tracer testing—were used to validate the TSA findings. These methods confirmed a higher level of karstification in the Kalisirah system, with faster flow discharge, higher advection and dispersion values, and a more complex conduit network. This multi-method framework highlights the prominence of TSA in characterizing karst aquifer dynamics and emphasizes the importance of integrating physical validation methods to support TSA results. This study also provides better insight into the hydrology of tropical karst as a region and climate zone that are still underrepresented in global karst studies, and offers a replicable approach for sustainable water resources management in similarly complex hydrogeological settings. Time Series Analysis karst aquifer conduit flow diffuse flow tropical karst recession constant tracer test Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8659174","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586674649,"identity":"b387711e-16fb-4988-9de5-f0cedc5845e6","order_by":0,"name":"Tjahyo 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Using TSA as the primary analytical method, this study investigates two neighbouring tropical karst springs\u0026mdash;Kalisirah and Jumbleng\u0026mdash;in the South Gombong karst area, Central Java, Indonesia. Despite their close proximity (615 m), the springs exhibit markedly different discharge behaviours. Seven TSA approaches were applied, including auto-correlation, cross-correlation, spectral density, phase function, cross-amplitude, gain, and coherence functions. The results reveal that Kalisirah Spring has a more responsive system with quicker release from the conduit and diffuse storage than Jumbleng Spring, indicating a more developed karst structure. Both springs exhibit similar fissure-flow responses. Additional methods\u0026mdash;Master Recession Curve (MRC) analysis, recession constant calculation, and tracer testing\u0026mdash;were used to validate the TSA findings. These methods confirmed a higher level of karstification in the Kalisirah system, with faster flow discharge, higher advection and dispersion values, and a more complex conduit network. This multi-method framework highlights the prominence of TSA in characterizing karst aquifer dynamics and emphasizes the importance of integrating physical validation methods to support TSA results. 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