Analysis of risk factors of mycoplasma pneumonia associated plastic bronchitis in children

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It increases the risk of more complications in children and likelihood of being admitted to the intensive care unit.It is especially crucial to screen for plasticl bronchitis because which requires bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage to promote the recovery of pneumonia, and some may require multiple bronchoscopies to remove the lesions to promote the recovery. They are also at risk of occlusive bronchitis with plasticl bronchitis, which require long-term treatment and respiratory management. In particular, early diagnosis and therapy are crucial. Methods A total of 90 cases of children with mycoplasma pneumonia in the paediatrics department of Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were collected, including 35 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia combined with plastic bronchiolitis (PB), 25 cases of non-plastic severe mycoplasma pneumonia (non-PB), and 30 cases of usual mycoplasma pneumonia(UP).Age, fever time, neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR) in blood routine, ferritin(FeO), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and D-dimer were counted. Results (1) ANOVA revealed that when mycoplasma infection, NLR, Age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P 0.05). (2)Logistic analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between NLR and D-dimer with PB group,NLR(odds ratio[OR]2.14,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.08–4.2,P = 0.029).(3)The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve of NLR was 0.73,95%CI:0.66–0.86, P = 0.002 ,cut-off value was 3.07,which was an independent risk factor for the development of plastic bronchitis. Conclusion (1) The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes is a distinct risk indicator for the onset of plastic bronchiolitis, and bronchoscopy is recommended when there are solid lesions in the lungs and the NLR ≥ 3.07. Plastic bronchitis Mycoplasma pneumonia The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes Ferritin Lactate dehydrogenase D-dimer Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 I. Introduction Mycoplasma infections have shown an outbreak trend in the last one year, and the main infected population is children. Mycoplasma infections have an average outbreak of once every three to five years, and Mycoplasma pneumonia is the primary manifestation of pneumonia in newborns and young children, accounting for 20–40% of community-acquired pneumonia during the Mycoplasma infection epidemic season, and it is the main pathogen that induces severe pneumonia in children over the age of three [1] .Infant plastic bronchitis with mild symptoms is primarily caused by viral infection [2] . Plastic bronchiolitis is more severe in older children and is frequently complications, and deterio associated with mycoplasma infection, which is a cause of prolonging the course of severe mycoplasma pneumonia, increasing the number of complications, and deteriorating the prognosis [3] .Over 90% of individuals suffering from asthma, among whom the condition has been linked to plastic bronchiolitis by Callam et al. [4] .Furthermore, Huang et al. [5] discovered decreased small airway function in up to 25% of patients with Plastic bronchiolitis. Mycoplasma infection is also increasingly prevalent among the pathogens that cause plastic bronchiolitis, and the current incidence of azithromycin resistance is rising annually, which is another significant factor contributing to the propensity of mycoplasma pneumonia to progress to Plastic bronchiolitis [3] . Plastic bronchiolitis is a disorder in which endogenous secretions form dendrites that migrate down the bronchial tubes and restrict them, either locally or extensively. Plastic bronchiolitis is caused by an airway blockage and manifests as progressive dyspnea, recurrent hyperthermia, or pleuritic chest pain. It is diagnosed primarily through bronchoscopy [6, 7] .And it is most commonly diagnosed in patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery, such as Fontan's surgery [8] . Based on pathological characteristics, there are two primary types: type I is inflammatory and mostly consists of fibrin and a significant inflammatory cellular infiltration, whereas type II is anaplastic (decellularized) and primarily consists of mucin. Type II is linked to severe congenital heart disease and tends to get worse following Fontan's operation, while type I is linked to infectious lung illnesses, bronchial asthma, and lung cystic fibrosis;type II is linked to severe congenital heart disease and tends to become more complicated following Fontan's surgery [9] . The removal of the intratubular plastics has been shown to considerably lessen the pulmonary symptoms, and it has also been reported to be common in children with pneumonia infections. Bronchoscopy is the primary treatment for this condition. As a result, those who have not had a bronchoscopy, particularly in places with poor access to healthcare, face challenges in diagnosing it. This can easily result in a worsening of pneumonia, which can extend the illness and impact the prognosis. Fever, coughing, and dyspnea are common symptoms of severe mycoplasma pneumonia and plastic bronchiolitis, but the two conditions have quite distinct prognoses and treatments. The prognosis for the majority of severe pneumonias improves with anti-infective and respiratory support treatments; however, Without a bronchoscopy, plastic bronchiolitis will result in recurring fever and cough.Delays in treatment may lead to the development of obliterative bronchitis and other unfavorable prognoses, which drastically diminishes quality of life. Multiple diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are among the benign and malignant diseases that have been linked to mortality in individuals with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, which is a measure of the body's integrated immune inflammatory response. When a young child has a severe pulmonary infection or even plastic bronchitis, the systemic immune system is activated. The pathogen is first fought by the intrinsic immune response, then by the adaptive immune response, and inflammation factors are released, which encourage leukocyte migration to the lesion site and alter the NLR. D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase have been implicated in refractory mycoplasma pneumonia [10, 11] .And mycoplasma infection is the primary cause of plastic bronchiolitis,in order to more adequately direct the disease's clinical diagnosis and therapy, this study examines the changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte ratios, CRP, serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer when Mycoplasma infections manifest as plastic bronchiolitis. As a result, In places with inadequate medical care, it is crucial for the identification and management of children with plastic bronchiolitis, as well as for early diagnosis, early treatment, and lessening the burden on children and their families. II. Methods Protocol design: In order to gather patient medical records and blood sample tests, this study decided to examine 90 pediatric inpatient Mycoplasma pneumonia cases from September 2022 to September 2024. Of these, 35 cases were mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia combined with plastics bronchiolitis, 25 cases were non-plastics severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and 30 cases were usual mycoplasma pneumonia. Imaging data, blood tests, and medical records of the patients were gathered. Case selection: children admitted to the paediatrics department of Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were selected as the study subjects. (1) Inclusion criteria: ① Chest CT showing solid lesions in the lungs, plastic bronchitis group: bronchoscopy showed plastic bronchitis, alveolar lavage fluid NGS test suggests simple mycoplasma infection; ②Chest CT showing solid lesions in the lungs, mycoplasma pneumonia severe pneumonia group: meet the diagnostic criteria of severe pneumonia, bronchoscopy excluded plastic bronchitis, alveolar lavage fluid NGS test suggests simple mycoplasma infection, (3)Chest X-ray showing Mycoplasma usual pneumonia group without chest consolidation: positive throat swab for Mycoplasma or positive serum Mycoplasma antibodies. (2) Exclusion criteria: exclude combined bacterial and viral infections,TB, asthma, bronchial foreign bodies, immunodeficiency, long-term immunosuppressive medication usage, neurological disorders, congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, and hereditary metabolic diseases. Collection of information: (1) General data, such as age, gender, and clinical symptoms. (2) Laboratory data: D-dimer, serum FeO, LDH, NLR, CRP, and other pertinent laboratory markers. (3) Chest CT imaging data. Statistical techniques: SPSS 26.0 was used to statistically analyze normal distribution of the wariables. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurement results across many groups. Counts have been displayed as occurrences or percentages, and disparities were deemed statistically significant. at P < 0.05. The association was analyzed using logistic regression, and the prediction value of risk variables in the incidence of PB was investigated using subject work characteristics (ROC) curves by graphpad prism 9. III. Results The normality test indicated that fever time, gender, age, NLR, CRP, LDH,FeO, and D-dimer were all within the normal distribution for this MPP pneumonia enrollment of 90, with 35 cases in the PB group, 25 instances in the non-PB pulmonary severe pneumonia group, and 30 cases in the general bronchopneumonia group. PB group mean age was 6.79 ± 1.76 years, non-PB severe pneumonia group mean age was 5.06 ± 3.17 years, and UP group mean age was 4.56 ± 2.63 years, according to ANOVA. The PB group mean age was statistically different from the UP group, P < 0.05, there was no significant difference in mean age between PB group and non-PB group.There were 50 male and 40 female in the study, and the PB group did not vary significantly from the non-PB and UP groups,P > 0.05. In this research, we primarily counted the number of fever days from start to diagnosis.The duration of the fever did not alter much between the PB group (6.3 ± 2.83), the non-PB severe pneumonia group (5.96 ± 1.77), and the UP group (6.07 ± 2.05). The PB group had a considerably higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (5.38 ± 4.26) than both the usual bronchopneumonia group (2 ± 0.77) and the non-PB severe pneumonia group (2.6 ± 1.18). CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than in the UP group, but there was no discernible change between the PB and non-PB severe pneumonia groups for the aforementioned factors, and LDH did not differ significantly between the groups, P > 0.05 (as shown in Table 1 , 2 and Fig. 1 ),the average level of each factor is from PB group,non-PB group to UP group,as follows CRP(29.39 ± 25.01vs25.38 ± 25.12vs12.6± 10.69),FeO(321.07 ± 271.42vs233.24 ± 159.89vs151.73 ± 76.97),D-dimer(1.79 ± 2.71vs1.24 ± 1.92vs0.46 ± 0.19).The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in the relationship of NLR, D-dimer and the occurrence of plastic bronchitis had a significant positive correlation,P < 0.05,NLR(OR2.14,95%CI:1.08–4.2 ,P = 0.029),D-dimer(OR14.96,95%CI:1.15-194.62, P = 0.039)(as shown in Table 3 ).The area under the ROC value of NLR was 0.73,95%CI:0.66–0.86, P = 0.002 ,cut value was 3.07. The ROC curve also indicated that D-dimer was not an independent predictor of the occurrence of plastic bronchitis, with P > 0.05 (as shown in Fig. 2 ). Table 1 one-way ANOVA revealed differences of factors in each group Group Number of cases Mean ± SD F P Multiple comparions(P c Non-PB 25 5.06 ± 3.17 UP 30 4.56 ± 2.63 total 90 5.57 ± 2.67 NLR PB 35 5.38 ± 4.26 13.75 0.000 a > b,a > c Non-PB 25 2.6 ± 1.18 UP 30 2 ± 0.77 total 90 3.48 ± 3.14 CRP PB 35 29.39 ± 25.01 5.27 0.007 a > c Non-PB 25 25.38 ± 25.12 UP 30 12.6 ± 10.69 total 90 22.68 ± 22.37 FeO PB 35 321.07 ± 271.42 6.15 0.003 a > c Non-PB 25 233.24 ± 159.89 UP 30 151.73 ± 76.97 total 90 240.22 ± 205.4 LDH PB 35 358.79 ± 153.46 2.46 0.091 Non-PB 25 343.8 ± 135.48 UP 30 292.43 ± 56.66 total 90 332.51 ± 125.86 D-dimer PB 35 1.79 ± 2.71 3.68 0.029 a > c Non-PB 25 1.24 ± 1.92 UP 30 0.46 ± 0.19 total 90 1.19 ± 2.04 Gender(male, female) PB 35 1.43 ± 0.5 0.05 0.9953 Non-PB 25 1.44 ± 0.51 UP 30 1.4 ± 0.5 total 90 1.42 ± 0.5 Note: A is PB group, B is Non-PB group, C is UP group ANOVA revealed NLR, age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P 0.05) Table 2 Multiple comparions of factors between the groups(one-way ANOVA) Groups Groups P Fever time PB non-PB 0.578 UP 0.688 non-PB PB 0.578 UP 0.866 Age PB non-PB 0.054 UP 0.001 non-PB PB 0.054 UP 0.897 NLR PB non-PB 0.002 UP 0.000 non-PB PB 0.002 UP 0.102 CRP PB non-PB 0.905 UP 0.002 non-PB PB 0.905 UP 0.070 FeO PB non-PB 0.323 UP 0.003 non-PB PB 0.323 UP 0.076 LDH PB non-PB 0.971 UP 0.064 non-PB PB 0.971 UP 0.237 D-dimer PB non-PB 0.742 UP 0.019 non-PB PB 0.742 UP 0.152 Gender(male, female) PB non-PB 0.931 UP 0.820 non-PB PB 0.931 UP 0.769 ANOVA revealed NLR, age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P 0.05) Table 3 logistic correlation analysis of factors in each group Groups P Exp(B) 95%CI of Exp(B) Upper limit Lower limit PB age 0.181 1.212 0.914 1.607 NLR 0.029 2.137 1.083 4.216 CRP 0.414 1.021 0.971 1.074 FeO 0.100 1.006 0.999 1.014 LDH 0.846 0.999 0.988 1.010 D-dimer 0.039 14.957 1.149 194.624 non-PB age 0.701 0.947 0.719 1.248 NLR 0.434 1.314 0.663 2.604 CRP 0.077 1.044 0.995 1.096 FeO 0.267 1.004 0.997 1.011 LDH 0.920 1.000 0.991 1.010 D-dimer 0.043 14.011 1.088 180.358 The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in the relationship of NLR, D-dimer and the occurrence of plastic bronchitis had a significant positive correlation(p < 0.05) IV. Discussion Most instances of mycoplasma pneumonia resolve on their own, but in recent years, the frequency of severe cases have grown along with macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infections. Plastic bronchiolitis is the more frequent consequence of severe pneumonia. Mycoplasma is the primary cause of plastic bronchiolitis, followed by influenza virus, bocavirus, and so on [2, 3, 12] . Over 90% of the patients in the current research who had plastic bronchiolitis had mycoplasma infections; all of these infections were macrolide-resistant mycoplasma with chest CT consolidation.In order to lessen the study's bias brought on by the severity of pneumonia, mycoplasmic severe pneumonia with chest CT consolidation and the usual bronchopneumonia without chest consolidation were chosen as the control group. This allowed for a more thorough analysis of the risk factors for developing plastic bronchitis. Those who developed plastic bronchitis had solid lesions on chest CT, combined with clinical symptoms, 90% of these were consistent with the diagnosis of severe pneumonia.In the study,P > 0.05 for Pearson's goodness of fit indicates that the current model fits well and is capable of accurately predicting the risk variables for plastic bronchiolitis. It was suitable to employ the control group with severe pneumonias that had solid lung lesions, not merely refractory mycoplasma pneumonia, because the current investigation discovered that plastic bronchiolitis had solid lung lesions. The mean age of the PB group was significantly higher than those with usual bronchopneumonia. These conclusions are in line with Liu's findings, which indicate that children older than three years old are more likely to get plastic bronchiolitis [2] . The period of fever before to hospitalization didn’t vary considerably across the groups in this investigation, showing the fever manifestations of plastic bronchitis are not significantly different from common pneumonia before diagnosis,indicating that severe pneumonia and plastic bronchitis can manifest at an early stage of fever.The predicted characteristics of a macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection that causes plastic bronchiolitis are the main focus of this investigation. Li et al. [13] discovered that elevated NLR was more likely to induce adverse outcomes such as refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.A biomarker of systemic inflammation and neutrophilicity, the NLR has also been implicated in infections, strengthened cardiovascular mortality, and a poor prognosis for actual erythroblastosis or other cancers.Severe pneumonia is facilitated by an overabundance of neutrophil-mediated immune response, and severe pneumonia is characterized by more prominent neutrophil chemotaxis and activation [14–16] . Injection of apoptotic neutrophils to mice reduced mortality in infected mice [17, 18] , whereas delayed neutrophil apoptosis has been shown to exacerbate infection [19] . Nevertheless, both early and delayed neutrophil apoptosis harm the tissues and early apoptosis impairs the body's defenses, while delayed apoptosis causes a chronic inflammatory response and made it more difficult to recover from inflammation [20] . Consistent with Yang and Mu's conclusion [21, 22] , NLR was positively connected with the occurrence of plastic bronchiolitis in this research. When NLR > 3.07 was an alarming condition in and of itself to obtain plastic bronchiolitis.Yang et al. [22] discovered that a statistically significant increase in Neutrophil percentage coincided with low L being a single warning sign for the emergence of plastic bronchiolitis.In contrast, Guo et al. [23] revealed no discernible difference between the routine blood results such as neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio in the PB and non-PB groups, the possible reason for this is that Guo et al's study focused on Plastic bronchiolitis, and did not limit the aetiology, resulting in the presence of mixed infections such as bacterial and viral infections that affected the results of the analysis.Furthermore, the current research discovered that almost 90% of patients with plastic bronchiolitis had mycoplasma infections, and the rate of Its etiology is not negligible. Therefore, early detection of refractory presence of mycoplasma infection and active medication change are necessary to turn down the probability of falling victim to plastic bronchiolitis and enhance the outcome. The mycoplasma associated with plastic bronchitis are all macrolide-resistant mycoplasma, which causes persistent airway inflammatory reaction, continuous neutrophil congregation to the focal point of the migration, the release of numerous inflammatory factors, inducing an excessive immune response, and promoting the occurrence of plastic bronchitis [24] . Substantial distinctions such as CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were found between the groups with mycoplasma pneumonia associated with plastic bronchiolitis and usual bronchopneumonia, but not with the group of non-plastic severe mycoplasma pneumonia(P < 0.05) in the study. They may be used to forecast the severity of the disease and the likelihood of becoming a serious sickness, although it cannot distinguish PB from non-PB severe pneumonia. FeO has a special role in the inflammatory response in addition to being related to anemia.The study suggests that elevated FeO is associated with acute or chronic inflammation, whether caused by infection or not [25, 26] . However, it has also been reported that hyperferriinemia is an autoimmune inflammatory response [27] .In this study, IgE and other immune inflammatory factors were absent more, so the experiment could not be carried out, but this is also an area that needs to be further explored in the future. FeO and LDH have been discovered to be useful indicators of the severity of mycoplasma pneumonia infection, LDH is a non-specific inflammatory measure of cellular damage [28] .In our study, LDH did not differ significantly between groups,which is different from the study by Mu et al. [21] .LDH dissolves in a phospholipase A-dependent form, and bacterial infection triggers an increase in phospholipase A synthesis, LDH is pronouncedly ascending in bacterial infection [29] .This also explains the none significant change in LDH in the groups in this study.A representation of the fibrinolytic system, D-dimer is a sign of inflammation and serious infections [11] .TAO et al. [30] discovered that a considerable increase in D-dimer was a predictor of the severity of severe Mycoplasma pneumonia and was present when mucus congestion was present. Plotting the ROC curve did not show a significant predictive value, but logistic regression analysis in our research group indicated a link between D-dimer and plastic bronchiolitis. Contrary to our results may be for TAO's control group only had moderate mycoplasma pneumonia, and the case-control group was primarily distinct.To sum up,the prognosis can be sensitively and significantly improved by early diagnosis and treatment when severe mycoplasma pneumonia and plastic bronchiolitis occur. Timely removal of mucus congestion by bronchoscopic testing and relief of persistent irritation of the bronchial endothelium by secretions are important for the recovery of airway function, and in some cases, late bronchoscopic removal of secretions still fails to reverse the end of the formation of occlusive bronchiectasis. V. Conclusion The ratio of NLR is a distinct risk indicator for the onset of plastic bronchiolitis, and bronchoscopy is recommended when there are solid lesions in the lungs and the NLR is ≥ 3.07. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Plastic bronchiolitis are of great significance in clinical practice. In mycoplasma infection, plastic bronchitis occurs mostly in older children, CRP, FeO and D-dimer are significantly elevated in mycoplasma pneumonia with plastic bronchitis, but they are not predictors of PB, not possible to distinguish PB from pure severe pneumonia. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: Approved and informed consent by the ethics committee of dongguan maternal and child health hospital in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki(2016). Clinical Trial Not applicable Consent for publication: All authors agree to publish Competing interests NO Funding: Not applicable Author Contribution Huifang Zhang wrote the main manuscript text and collected data,Fengzhi Jiang reviewed the study and corrected the article Acknowledgements Authors' information : Data Availability Data is provided within the supplementary information files References Jacobs E, Ehrhardt I, Dumke R. New insights in the outbreak pattern of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 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J Infect Chemother, 2015, 21(11): 783∼789 Breuer O, Picard E, Benabu N, et al. Predictors of Prolonged Hospitalizations in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia. Chest, 2018, 153(1): 172∼180 Li Y T, Zhang J, Wang M Z, et al. Changes in coagulation markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their predictive value for Mycoplasma severity. Ital J Pediatr, 2023, 49(1): 143 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files data.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5367065","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":375654557,"identity":"a9e17d6c-ccc1-4525-b078-880bb1695e08","order_by":0,"name":"Huifang Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huifang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":375654559,"identity":"930014a9-324a-44ff-af0a-73ee2ba20c62","order_by":1,"name":"jiang fengzhi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEUlEQVRIie3QsWrDMBCA4RMCTXLcqUgY4ldQMHSp6dIXkQm4c7dsVSg4SyFrTV8iY0YFgbuIdhV4qCEvYNM1Q13IUrBrunXQvwnugzsB+Hz/tEN3Sh+2OPxsslPav7EC0L8KZLjKUblRV6JTOQBBkwTrQBm0s1rwUplpEm9fG833BgsnZRLs3+fiY71uWgtxeDnskNJS39s7wp3Ux8DWiajQ4+LZwaJ8kcNb9UYzck1nLlMJJXW2q1AR0RakqIcJ+TaUYAZuCRElb9OknwYdFLfiwlbAy0KfiRsnjBIwzOaSb56IaO0y4VXW32LZ6C39jx27dpXKEFPcyNXNfGbMoWmrNA6jYTIa+9u4z+fz+X70BeURajJGdWe4AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"jiang","middleName":"","lastName":"fengzhi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-31 11:08:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5367065/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5367065/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":71003057,"identity":"c54105c8-42a4-42a8-9922-5e8a0741cbb9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 06:01:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eANOVA revealed fever time, age,gengder ,NLR,CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P\u0026lt;0.05). However, all of the above factors, with the exception of NLR, did not differ substantially between the PB group and the non-PB group (P\u0026gt;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"fig1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5367065/v1/5061588df76a1a9c66cccc87.jpeg"},{"id":71003058,"identity":"b12ede4f-ce27-457b-bddb-bc3d272831c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 06:01:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":16691,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAUC-ROC cut value of NLR were 3.07(AUC=0.73,95%CI 0.66-0.86, P=0.002),AUC of D-dimer is 0.59,P\u0026gt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"fig2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5367065/v1/a7a2befeac663908255ce258.jpeg"},{"id":79599220,"identity":"68050ba7-fef3-4672-aa2f-b98c0b1670ed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-31 14:47:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":788473,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5367065/v1/38710420-eada-46c5-8350-c4de028f5c65.pdf"},{"id":71003056,"identity":"ccaa0581-403f-4e44-b71a-c2913b26188f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 06:01:44","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15886,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"data.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5367065/v1/967a5f41b7e8bd2deeff6bd6.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of risk factors of mycoplasma pneumonia associated plastic bronchitis in children","fulltext":[{"header":"I. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMycoplasma infections have shown an outbreak trend in the last one year, and the main infected population is children. Mycoplasma infections have an average outbreak of once every three to five years, and Mycoplasma pneumonia is the primary manifestation of pneumonia in newborns and young children, accounting for 20–40% of community-acquired pneumonia during the Mycoplasma infection epidemic season, and it is the main pathogen that induces severe pneumonia in children over the age of three\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c/sup\u003e.Infant plastic bronchitis with mild symptoms is primarily caused by viral infection\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c/sup\u003e. Plastic bronchiolitis is more severe in older children and is frequently complications, and deterio associated with mycoplasma infection, which is a cause of prolonging the course of severe mycoplasma pneumonia, increasing the number of complications, and deteriorating the prognosis\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c/sup\u003e.Over 90% of individuals suffering from asthma, among whom the condition has been linked to plastic bronchiolitis by Callam et al.\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c/sup\u003e.Furthermore, Huang et al.\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e discovered decreased small airway function in up to 25% of patients with Plastic bronchiolitis. Mycoplasma infection is also increasingly prevalent among the pathogens that cause plastic bronchiolitis, and the current incidence of azithromycin resistance is rising annually, which is another significant factor contributing to the propensity of mycoplasma pneumonia to progress to Plastic bronchiolitis\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c/sup\u003e. Plastic bronchiolitis is a disorder in which endogenous secretions form dendrites that migrate down the bronchial tubes and restrict them, either locally or extensively. Plastic bronchiolitis is caused by an airway blockage and manifests as progressive dyspnea, recurrent hyperthermia, or pleuritic chest pain. It is diagnosed primarily through bronchoscopy\u003csup\u003e[6, 7]\u003c/sup\u003e.And it is most commonly diagnosed in patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery, such as Fontan's surgery\u003csup\u003e[8]\u003c/sup\u003e. Based on pathological characteristics, there are two primary types: type I is inflammatory and mostly consists of fibrin and a significant inflammatory cellular infiltration, whereas type II is anaplastic (decellularized) and primarily consists of mucin. Type II is linked to severe congenital heart disease and tends to get worse following Fontan's operation, while type I is linked to infectious lung illnesses, bronchial asthma, and lung cystic fibrosis;type II is linked to severe congenital heart disease and tends to become more complicated following Fontan's surgery\u003csup\u003e[9]\u003c/sup\u003e. The removal of the intratubular plastics has been shown to considerably lessen the pulmonary symptoms, and it has also been reported to be common in children with pneumonia infections. Bronchoscopy is the primary treatment for this condition. As a result, those who have not had a bronchoscopy, particularly in places with poor access to healthcare, face challenges in diagnosing it. This can easily result in a worsening of pneumonia, which can extend the illness and impact the prognosis. Fever, coughing, and dyspnea are common symptoms of severe mycoplasma pneumonia and plastic bronchiolitis, but the two conditions have quite distinct prognoses and treatments. The prognosis for the majority of severe pneumonias improves with anti-infective and respiratory support treatments; however, Without a bronchoscopy, plastic bronchiolitis will result in recurring fever and cough.Delays in treatment may lead to the development of obliterative bronchitis and other unfavorable prognoses, which drastically diminishes quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease are among the benign and malignant diseases that have been linked to mortality in individuals with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, which is a measure of the body's integrated immune inflammatory response. When a young child has a severe pulmonary infection or even plastic bronchitis, the systemic immune system is activated. The pathogen is first fought by the intrinsic immune response, then by the adaptive immune response, and inflammation factors are released, which encourage leukocyte migration to the lesion site and alter the NLR. D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase have been implicated in refractory mycoplasma pneumonia\u003csup\u003e[10, 11]\u003c/sup\u003e.And mycoplasma infection is the primary cause of plastic bronchiolitis,in order to more adequately direct the disease's clinical diagnosis and therapy, this study examines the changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte ratios, CRP, serum ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer when Mycoplasma infections manifest as plastic bronchiolitis. As a result, In places with inadequate medical care, it is crucial for the identification and management of children with plastic bronchiolitis, as well as for early diagnosis, early treatment, and lessening the burden on children and their families.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"II. Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol design: In order to gather patient medical records and blood sample tests, this study decided to examine 90 pediatric inpatient Mycoplasma pneumonia cases from September 2022 to September 2024. Of these, 35 cases were mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia combined with plastics bronchiolitis, 25 cases were non-plastics severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and 30 cases were usual mycoplasma pneumonia. Imaging data, blood tests, and medical records of the patients were gathered.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase selection: children admitted to the paediatrics department of Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were selected as the study subjects. (1) Inclusion criteria: ① Chest CT showing solid lesions in the lungs, plastic bronchitis group: bronchoscopy showed plastic bronchitis, alveolar lavage fluid NGS test suggests simple mycoplasma infection; ②Chest CT showing solid lesions in the lungs, mycoplasma pneumonia severe pneumonia group: meet the diagnostic criteria of severe pneumonia, bronchoscopy excluded plastic bronchitis, alveolar lavage fluid NGS test suggests simple mycoplasma infection, (3)Chest X-ray showing Mycoplasma usual pneumonia group without chest consolidation: positive throat swab for Mycoplasma or positive serum Mycoplasma antibodies. (2) Exclusion criteria: exclude combined bacterial and viral infections,TB, asthma, bronchial foreign bodies, immunodeficiency, long-term immunosuppressive medication usage, neurological disorders, congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, and hereditary metabolic diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollection of information: (1) General data, such as age, gender, and clinical symptoms. (2) Laboratory data: D-dimer, serum FeO, LDH, NLR, CRP, and other pertinent laboratory markers. (3) Chest CT imaging data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical techniques: SPSS 26.0 was used to statistically analyze normal distribution of the wariables. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the measurement results across many groups. Counts have been displayed as occurrences or percentages, and disparities were deemed statistically significant. at P \u0026lt; 0.05. The association was analyzed using logistic regression, and the prediction value of risk variables in the incidence of PB was investigated using subject work characteristics (ROC) curves by graphpad prism 9.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"III. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe normality test indicated that fever time, gender, age, NLR, CRP, LDH,FeO, and D-dimer were all within the normal distribution for this MPP pneumonia enrollment of 90, with 35 cases in the PB group, 25 instances in the non-PB pulmonary severe pneumonia group, and 30 cases in the general bronchopneumonia group. PB group mean age was 6.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.76 years, non-PB severe pneumonia group mean age was 5.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.17 years, and UP group mean age was 4.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.63 years, according to ANOVA. The PB group mean age was statistically different from the UP group, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, there was no significant difference in mean age between PB group and non-PB group.There were 50 male and 40 female in the study, and the PB group did not vary significantly from the non-PB and UP groups,P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. In this research, we primarily counted the number of fever days from start to diagnosis.The duration of the fever did not alter much between the PB group (6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.83), the non-PB severe pneumonia group (5.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77), and the UP group (6.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.05). The PB group had a considerably higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (5.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.26) than both the usual bronchopneumonia group (2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77) and the non-PB severe pneumonia group (2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.18). CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than in the UP group, but there was no discernible change between the PB and non-PB severe pneumonia groups for the aforementioned factors, and LDH did not differ significantly between the groups, P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e),the average level of each factor is from PB group,non-PB group to UP group,as follows CRP(29.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.01vs25.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.12vs12.6\u0026plusmn;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.69),FeO(321.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;271.42vs233.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;159.89vs151.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;76.97),D-dimer(1.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.71vs1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.92vs0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19).The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in the relationship of NLR, D-dimer and the occurrence of plastic bronchitis had a significant positive correlation,P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05,NLR(OR2.14,95%CI:1.08\u0026ndash;4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029),D-dimer(OR14.96,95%CI:1.15-194.62, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.039)(as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e ).The area under the ROC value of NLR was 0.73,95%CI:0.66\u0026ndash;0.86, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002 ,cut value was 3.07. The ROC curve also indicated that D-dimer was not an independent predictor of the occurrence of plastic bronchitis, with P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eone-way ANOVA revealed differences of factors in each group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of cases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple comparions(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNLR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;b,a\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e321.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;271.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;159.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;76.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;205.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e358.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;153.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e343.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;135.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;56.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;125.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-dimer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;c\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender(male, female)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9953\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote: A is PB group, B is Non-PB group, C is UP group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eANOVA revealed NLR, age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, all of the above factors, with the exception of NLR, did not differ substantially between the PB group and the non-PB group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple comparions of factors between the groups(one-way ANOVA)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.688\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNLR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-dimer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender(male, female)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.769\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eANOVA revealed NLR, age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, all of the above factors, with the exception of NLR, did not differ substantially between the PB group and the non-PB group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003elogistic correlation analysis of factors in each group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExp(B)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%CI of Exp(B)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper limit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower limit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.914\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNLR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.216\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.846\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.988\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-dimer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.957\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194.624\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enon-PB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.701\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.248\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNLR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.604\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.044\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD-dimer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.088\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180.358\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences in the relationship of NLR, D-dimer and the occurrence of plastic bronchitis had a significant positive correlation(p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"IV. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eMost instances of mycoplasma pneumonia resolve on their own, but in recent years, the frequency of severe cases have grown along with macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infections. Plastic bronchiolitis is the more frequent consequence of severe pneumonia. Mycoplasma is the primary cause of plastic bronchiolitis, followed by influenza virus, bocavirus, and so on\u003csup\u003e[2, 3, 12]\u003c/sup\u003e. Over 90% of the patients in the current research who had plastic bronchiolitis had mycoplasma infections; all of these infections were macrolide-resistant mycoplasma with chest CT consolidation.In order to lessen the study's bias brought on by the severity of pneumonia, mycoplasmic severe pneumonia with chest CT consolidation and the usual bronchopneumonia without chest consolidation were chosen as the control group. This allowed for a more thorough analysis of the risk factors for developing plastic bronchitis. Those who developed plastic bronchitis had solid lesions on chest CT, combined with clinical symptoms, 90% of these were consistent with the diagnosis of severe pneumonia.In the study,P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 for Pearson's goodness of fit indicates that the current model fits well and is capable of accurately predicting the risk variables for plastic bronchiolitis. It was suitable to employ the control group with severe pneumonias that had solid lung lesions, not merely refractory mycoplasma pneumonia, because the current investigation discovered that plastic bronchiolitis had solid lung lesions. The mean age of the PB group was significantly higher than those with usual bronchopneumonia. These conclusions are in line with Liu's findings, which indicate that children older than three years old are more likely to get plastic bronchiolitis\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c/sup\u003e. The period of fever before to hospitalization didn\u0026rsquo;t vary considerably across the groups in this investigation, showing the fever manifestations of plastic bronchitis are not significantly different from common pneumonia before diagnosis,indicating that severe pneumonia and plastic bronchitis can manifest at an early stage of fever.The predicted characteristics of a macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection that causes plastic bronchiolitis are the main focus of this investigation. Li et al.\u003csup\u003e[13]\u003c/sup\u003e discovered that elevated NLR was more likely to induce adverse outcomes such as refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.A biomarker of systemic inflammation and neutrophilicity, the NLR has also been implicated in infections, strengthened cardiovascular mortality, and a poor prognosis for actual erythroblastosis or other cancers.Severe pneumonia is facilitated by an overabundance of neutrophil-mediated immune response, and severe pneumonia is characterized by more prominent neutrophil chemotaxis and activation\u003csup\u003e[14\u0026ndash;16]\u003c/sup\u003e. Injection of apoptotic neutrophils to mice reduced mortality in infected mice\u003csup\u003e[17, 18]\u003c/sup\u003e, whereas delayed neutrophil apoptosis has been shown to exacerbate infection\u003csup\u003e[19]\u003c/sup\u003e. Nevertheless, both early and delayed neutrophil apoptosis harm the tissues and early apoptosis impairs the body's defenses, while delayed apoptosis causes a chronic inflammatory response and made it more difficult to recover from inflammation\u003csup\u003e[20]\u003c/sup\u003e. Consistent with Yang and Mu's conclusion\u003csup\u003e[21, 22]\u003c/sup\u003e, NLR was positively connected with the occurrence of plastic bronchiolitis in this research. When NLR\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3.07 was an alarming condition in and of itself to obtain plastic bronchiolitis.Yang et al.\u003csup\u003e[22]\u003c/sup\u003ediscovered that a statistically significant increase in Neutrophil percentage coincided with low L being a single warning sign for the emergence of plastic bronchiolitis.In contrast, Guo et al.\u003csup\u003e[23]\u003c/sup\u003erevealed no discernible difference between the routine blood results such as neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio in the PB and non-PB groups, the possible reason for this is that Guo et al's study focused on Plastic bronchiolitis, and did not limit the aetiology, resulting in the presence of mixed infections such as bacterial and viral infections that affected the results of the analysis.Furthermore, the current research discovered that almost 90% of patients with plastic bronchiolitis had mycoplasma infections, and the rate of Its etiology is not negligible. Therefore, early detection of refractory presence of mycoplasma infection and active medication change are necessary to turn down the probability of falling victim to plastic bronchiolitis and enhance the outcome. The mycoplasma associated with plastic bronchitis are all macrolide-resistant mycoplasma, which causes persistent airway inflammatory reaction, continuous neutrophil congregation to the focal point of the migration, the release of numerous inflammatory factors, inducing an excessive immune response, and promoting the occurrence of plastic bronchitis\u003csup\u003e[24]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstantial distinctions such as CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were found between the groups with mycoplasma pneumonia associated with plastic bronchiolitis and usual bronchopneumonia, but not with the group of non-plastic severe mycoplasma pneumonia(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) in the study. They may be used to forecast the severity of the disease and the likelihood of becoming a serious sickness, although it cannot distinguish PB from non-PB severe pneumonia. FeO has a special role in the inflammatory response in addition to being related to anemia.The study suggests that elevated FeO is associated with acute or chronic inflammation, whether caused by infection or not\u003csup\u003e[25, 26]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, it has also been reported that hyperferriinemia is an autoimmune inflammatory response\u003csup\u003e[27]\u003c/sup\u003e.In this study, IgE and other immune inflammatory factors were absent more, so the experiment could not be carried out, but this is also an area that needs to be further explored in the future. FeO and LDH have been discovered to be useful indicators of the severity of mycoplasma pneumonia infection, LDH is a non-specific inflammatory measure of cellular damage\u003csup\u003e[28]\u003c/sup\u003e.In our study, LDH did not differ significantly between groups,which is different from the study by Mu et al.\u003csup\u003e[21]\u003c/sup\u003e.LDH dissolves in a phospholipase A-dependent form, and bacterial infection triggers an increase in phospholipase A synthesis, LDH is pronouncedly ascending in bacterial infection\u003csup\u003e[29]\u003c/sup\u003e.This also explains the none significant change in LDH in the groups in this study.A representation of the fibrinolytic system, D-dimer is a sign of inflammation and serious infections\u003csup\u003e[11]\u003c/sup\u003e.TAO et al.\u003csup\u003e[30]\u003c/sup\u003ediscovered that a considerable increase in D-dimer was a predictor of the severity of severe Mycoplasma pneumonia and was present when mucus congestion was present. Plotting the ROC curve did not show a significant predictive value, but logistic regression analysis in our research group indicated a link between D-dimer and plastic bronchiolitis. Contrary to our results may be for TAO's control group only had moderate mycoplasma pneumonia, and the case-control group was primarily distinct.To sum up,the prognosis can be sensitively and significantly improved by early diagnosis and treatment when severe mycoplasma pneumonia and plastic bronchiolitis occur. Timely removal of mucus congestion by bronchoscopic testing and relief of persistent irritation of the bronchial endothelium by secretions are important for the recovery of airway function, and in some cases, late bronchoscopic removal of secretions still fails to reverse the end of the formation of occlusive bronchiectasis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"V. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe ratio of NLR is a distinct risk indicator for the onset of plastic bronchiolitis, and bronchoscopy is recommended when there are solid lesions in the lungs and the NLR is \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3.07. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Plastic bronchiolitis are of great significance in clinical practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn mycoplasma infection, plastic bronchitis occurs mostly in older children, CRP, FeO and D-dimer are significantly elevated in mycoplasma pneumonia with plastic bronchitis, but they are not predictors of PB, not possible to distinguish PB from pure severe pneumonia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproved and informed consent by the ethics committee of dongguan maternal and child health hospital in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki(2016).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors agree to publish\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNO\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuifang Zhang wrote the main manuscript text and collected data,Fengzhi Jiang reviewed the study and corrected the article\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; information\u003c/strong\u003e :\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is provided within the supplementary information files\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJacobs E, Ehrhardt I, Dumke R. 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Neutrophils undergo apoptosis following ingestion of Escherichia coli. J Immunol, 1996, 156(10): 3986\u0026sim;3992\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMu S Y, Zou Y X, Guo Y S, et al. [Clinical characteristics and predictive factors for plastic bronchitis in children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2024, 62(9): 861\u0026sim;866\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYang L, Zhang Y, Shen C, et al. Publisher Correction: Clinical features and risk factors of plastic bronchitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. BMC pulmonary medicine, 2023, 23(1): 499\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuo Y S. Clinical characteristics of 73 children with type I plastic bronchitis. Journal of Tianjin Medical University, 2017, 23(5): 422\u0026sim;425\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoi Y J, Chung E H, Lee E, et al. 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Utility of serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase as surrogate markers for steroid therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Infect Chemother, 2015, 21(11): 783\u0026sim;789\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBreuer O, Picard E, Benabu N, et al. Predictors of Prolonged Hospitalizations in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia. Chest, 2018, 153(1): 172\u0026sim;180\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi Y T, Zhang J, Wang M Z, et al. Changes in coagulation markers in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and their predictive value for Mycoplasma severity. Ital J Pediatr, 2023, 49(1): 143\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Plastic bronchitis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, Ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5367065/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5367065/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the last few years, the number of cases of severe pneumonia that correspond with mycoplasma pneumoniae has risen. It increases the risk of more complications in children and likelihood of being admitted to the intensive care unit.It is especially crucial to screen for plasticl bronchitis because which requires bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage to promote the recovery of pneumonia, and some may require multiple bronchoscopies to remove the lesions to promote the recovery. They are also at risk of occlusive bronchitis with plasticl bronchitis, which require long-term treatment and respiratory management. In particular, early diagnosis and therapy are crucial.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 90 cases of children with mycoplasma pneumonia in the paediatrics department of Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were collected, including 35 cases of mycoplasma pneumonia combined with plastic bronchiolitis (PB), 25 cases of non-plastic severe mycoplasma pneumonia (non-PB), and 30 cases of usual mycoplasma pneumonia(UP).Age, fever time, neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR) in blood routine, ferritin(FeO), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and D-dimer were counted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) ANOVA revealed that when mycoplasma infection, NLR, Age, CRP, FeO, and D-dimer were significantly higher in the PB group than UP group(P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, all of the above factors, with the exception of NLR, did not differ s-ubstantially between the PB group and the non-PB group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). (2)Logistic analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between NLR and D-dimer with PB group,NLR(odds ratio[OR]2.14,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.08\u0026ndash;4.2,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029).(3)The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve of NLR was 0.73,95%CI:0.66\u0026ndash;0.86, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002 ,cut-off value was 3.07,which was an independent risk factor for the development of plastic bronchitis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes is a distinct risk indicator for the onset of plastic bronchiolitis, and bronchoscopy is recommended when there are solid lesions in the lungs and the NLR\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3.07.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of risk factors of mycoplasma pneumonia associated plastic bronchitis in children","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-10 06:01:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5367065/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7524054d-3bdd-43ee-b751-8f11d1532e40","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-31T14:39:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-10 06:01:39","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5367065","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5367065","identity":"rs-5367065","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}